Although it was previously shown that prolonged prophylactic antibiotic exposure and multiple inadequate antibiotic therapies are independent risk factors for multidrug-resistant ventilator ...associated pneumonia there were no studies investigating whether pre-operative prophylactic dose of antibiotics changes oral microbiome and increases the risk of ventilator associated pneumonia. The aim of the study was to determine if pre-operative prophylactic dose of antibiotics affects the oral microbiome, increases the colonization with Gram-negative bacteria and subsequent risk of ventilator associated pneumonia.
Mechanically ventilated adult patients receiving surgical antibiotic prophylaxis were included in the study. The presence of Gram negative microorganisms in the pre-prophylactic and post-prophylactic oral swabs and tracheal aspirates, as well as the occurrence of ventilator associated pneumonia, were analyzed.
Number of patients colonized with Gram negative bacteria in post- prophylactic oral swab was significantly higher compared to oral swab taken before prophylactic antibiotic. On the other hand, the number of patients with Gram- negative bacteria in tracheal aspirates remained similar as in post- prophylactic oral swabs. Moreover, we found that presence of Gram- negative bacteria in both pre- and post- prophylactic oral swabs was in the positive correlation with the presence of Gram- negative bacteria in tracheal aspirates.
This study showed increased colonization of oral cavity with Gram- negative bacteria after preoperative prophylactic antibiotics. Furthermore, receiving two prophylactic antibiotics from WHO Watch list increased the incidence of Gram- negative bacteria in oral swabs and tracheal aspirates, and the risk of ventilator associated pneumonia development.
To determine the frequency and type of complications in two cohort groups of preterm newborns.
The research involved 100 preterm newborns divided into two groups according to their gestational age: ...newborns from 24 to 33+6/7 weeks GA and newborns from 34 to 36+6/7 weeks GA. Parameters which were observed with mother were: age, number of births, course and complications in pregnancy. Parameters with infant: gestational age, weight, newborn small for gestational age (IUGR), asphyxia, respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, hyperbilirubinemia, apnea, anemia, intracranial hemorrhage and metabolic disorder (hypoglycaemia, hypocalcaemia). Research criterion for exclusion was all preterm newborn infants with chromosome anomalies which cause death, fetal death during pregnancy (in utero) and newborns (born after full 37 weeks).
After dividing exminees according to their gestational age into two groups, the group with higher gestational age (from 34 to 36+6/7 weeks GA) had 76% and the group with lower gestational age (from 24 to 33+6/7 weeks GA) had 24% of infants. The course of pregnancy was pathological in 68% of pregnancies and normal with 32% of pregnncies, the difference is statistically significant. 97% of pregnant woman had pathological course in the group of preterm newborns with lower GA. The most common perinatal complication was hyperbilirubinemia in 42% of cases, while sepsis was present in 1% of infants. The first group of infants (<33 GA) had mostly combination of 3 or more complications in 46% of infants while the other group mostly had hyperbilirubinemia in 50% and combination of complications in 24% of infants.
Perinatal complication occurence depends on premature birth and course of pregnancy. Larger number of complications and harder complications which may result with death are more common in patients with lower gestational age (24 to 33+6/7 weeks GA) than in patients with higher gestational age (34 to 36+6/7 weeks GA).
of the study is to research the epidemiological aspects of maternal alloimmunization against erythrocyte antigens of fetuses (AB0, Rhesus, Lewis, Kell, Duffy and others) and to identify the most ...common types of hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) in the West Herzegovina region.
The 20-year retrospective epidemiological study includes all pregnant women who had been immunologically tested and newborn treated for HDN.
The indirect antiglobulin (IAT) detected antibodies against antigens in 545 (1.8%) pregnant women of the 29 663 who were tested at the Department of Transfusion Medicine. During the 20-year-long study 310 (1.0%) newborn with HDN were treated. Our results indicate that 42% (230/545) of the pregnant women had AB0 immunization. The most common form of HDN is AB0 HDN 64% (199/310), whereas RhD HDN was treated in 19% (59/310) of the newborn infants. ETR was performed on 29 (19%) infants, 21 (72.4%) with AB0 HDN, and 7 (26%) with RhD HDN.
This 20-year-long study concludes that, even though there has been significant progress in the prevention of immunization and proactive treatment of HDN, precautionary measures are still required as is the need for gynecologists and obstetricians to be active. The reasons for this are the non-existence of preventive measures for non-RhD immunization, the irregular immunological screening of RhD positive women in pregnancy in the region encompassed by the study in the past few years. The above raises new questions and recommends further research and monitoring of immunization and HDN treatment worldwide.
In memoriam prof. dr. sc. Darko Meštrović Adriana Bjelanović; Ivana Štimac Grandić
Zbornik radova (Građevinski fakultet u Rijeci. Online),
12/2022, Letnik:
25, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Additives are defined as substances added to food with the aim of preserving and improving safety, freshness, taste, texture, or appearance. While indirect additives can be found in traces in food ...and come from materials used for packaging, storage, and technological processing of food, direct additives are added to food with a special purpose (canning). The use of additives is justified if it is in accordance with legal regulations and does not pose a health or danger to consumers in the prescribed concentration. However, due to the specificity of the child's metabolic system, there is a greater risk that the negative effects of the additive will manifest. Considering the importance of the potential negative impact of additives on children's health and the increased interest in the control and monitoring of additives in food for children, we have reviewed the latest available literature available through PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Expert data were taken from publicly available documents published from January 2010 to April 2022 by internationally recognized professional organizations. It was found that the most frequently present additives in the food consumed by children are bisphenols, phthalates, perfluoroalkyl chemicals, perchlorates, pesticides, nitrates and nitrites, artificial food colors, monosodium glutamate, and aspartame. Increasing literacy about the presence and potential risk through continuous education of parents and young people as well as active monitoring of newly registered additives and harmonization of existing legal regulations by competent authorities can significantly prevent the unwanted effects of additives on children's health.
In a recent 3-gene phylogeny of the trichopteran subfamily Drusinae Banks 1916, molecular data clearly correlated with the morphology and feeding ecology of larvae. The largest of three main groups, ...the Drusinae grazer clade, exhibits an unusual larval feeding ecology for Limnephilidae, and is the most diverse group. In this paper we describe four previously unknown Drusinae larvae included in this clade: Drusus balcanicus Kumanski, 1973 (micro-endemic to Eastern Balkans), Drusus botosaneanui Kumanski, 1968 (Dinaric Western Balkans, Hellenic and Eastern Balkan, Asia Minor), Drusus serbicus Marinkovic-Gospodnetic, 1971 (micro-endemic to Dinaric Western Balkans), and Drusus tenellus (Klapalek, 1898) (Carpathians, Dinaric Eastern Balkans). Characteristically, the larvae of these species have toothless mandibles typical of the Drusinae grazer clade. Larvae and adults were unambiguously associated using a phylogenetic analysis based on two mitochondrial (mtCOI, mtLSU (=16S) rDNA) and two nuclear genes (nuWG, nuCAD). In addition, information on the morphology of the larvae is given and the diagnostic features necessary for identification are illustrated.
The aim of this study was to predict global warming effects on benthic macroinvertebrate community structure by using a small temperate geothermal stream as a model system. We collected benthic ...macroinvertebrates, measured physical and chemical water properties at eight localities up the Kudoški stream steep water temperature gradient, and used 11 metrics and indexes to characterize community structure. Species richness and evenness decreased, but total abundance increased with the increase of average annual water temperature (t ₐᵥ), with species richness being most and total abundance least sensitive to this parameter. The increase of Gastropoda relative abundance and the decrease of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera richness, respectively, were the earliest responses of taxonomic groups to t ₐᵥ increase. Relative abundance of Orthocladiinae decreased and that of Chironomini increased with the increase of t ₐᵥ. This indicates that Chironomidae are not reliable predictors of global warming effects in running waters, and that lower taxonomic levels, subfamily or tribe, are more suitable for that purpose. Changes in community structure did not linearly follow t ₐᵥ increase, since a great community shift was observed at t ₐᵥ ≈ 20°C indicating that present trends of community responses to changes in climatic conditions should not be linearly extrapolated to future warming.
The effects of grains, pelleted and extruded feed on the fatty acid content
in carp meat has not been examined yet. In this work, we present evidence
that the high carbohydrate content in all three ...types of feed causes oleic
acid to predominate in all meat samples. A higher PUFA content in the meat of
fish fed with granulated feed was detected. The extruded feed diet led to 69%
greater n-3, and 53% lower n-6 fatty acid contents. Their ratio is thus
2.64-fold higher than in meat of carp fed with pelleted feed. A higher
content of n-3 fatty acids in fish fed with extruded feed was the consequence
of higher DHA (1.6 times) and EPA (3.3 times) contents. The detected
differences could be the consequence of the thermal treatment of extruded
feed that makes the proteins, carbohydrates and lipids more accessible to
fish than in a pelleted feed.
Studies of macroinvertebrate communities in thermal streams are highly geographically localized and mostly faunistical, making the efforts to understand in situ water thermal regime effects on those ...biocoenoses barely achievable. We examined the effects of geothermal water inflow on benthic macroinvertebrate community composition in a temperate stream. Environmental data analysis has shown that water temperature is a major factor determining the faunistical composition, especially downstream of the geothermal water inflow situated some 20m upstream of locality V3. The increase in mean annual water temperature from 11.5±4.1°C at locality V2 to 22.0±5.0°C at locality V3 induced an enormous shift in community composition from a diverse one, composed mainly of Gammaridae, Simuliidae, Chironomidae, Trichoptera and Ephemeroptera, and to a lesser extent of Plecoptera, Coleoptera, other Diptera, Hirudinea, Odonata, Mollusca and Oligochaeta, to a uniform one strongly dominated by Chironomidae, Mollusca and Oligochaeta, comprising 98.9±0.5% of collected individuals. While the disappearance of Plecoptera and Ephemeroptera and the increase in representation of Mollusca and Oligochaeta at locality V3 might be solely explained by water temperature increase, in the case of Chironomidae the increase in water discharge and relatively high annual water temperature variation at locality V3 had additional positive effects. However, the latter factor induced disappearance of Gammaridae at locality V3. In addition to the increase in water temperature, increase of water velocity significantly determined the longitudinal dynamics of Coleoptera.
•We monitored effects of water temperature increase on macrozoobenthos communities.•Water temperature increase severely decreased macrozoobenthos diversity.•Warm waters were dominated (98.9%) by Chironomidae, Mollusca and Oligochaeta.•Plecoptera, Coleoptera, Gammaridae, and Odonata completely disappeared in warm waters.•Significant warm waters annual temperature variations had profound influence too.
In a recent 3-gene phylogeny of the Trichoptera subfamily Drusinae Banks, 1916 molecular data clearly correlated with the morphology and feeding ecology of larvae. The largest of three main groups, ...the Drusinae grazer clade, exhibits an unusual larval feeding ecology for Limnephilidae, and is the most diverse group. In this paper we describe four previously unknown Drusinae larvae from this clade:
Kumanski, 1973 (micro-endemic to Eastern Balkans);
Kumanski, 1968 (Dinaric Western Balkans, Hellenic and Eastern Balkan, Asia Minor),
Marinković-Gospodnetić, 1971a (micro-endemic to Dinaric Western Balkans); and
(Klapálek, 1898) (Carpathians, Dinaric Eastern Balkans). Characteristically, the larvae of these species develop toothless mandibles typical for the Drusinae grazer clade. Larvae and adults were unambiguously associated by a phylogenetic approach based on two mitochondrial (mtCOI, mtLSU= 16S rDNA) and two nuclear genes (nuWG, nuCAD). In addition, information on the morphology of the larvae is given and the diagnostic features necessary for identification are illustrated.
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