This book takes an innovative approach to detecting regional groupings in peninsular Italy during the Late Bronze Age, a notoriously murky period of Italian prehistory. Applying social network ...analysis to the distributions of imports and other distinctive objects, Emma Blake reveals previously unrecognized exchange networks that are in some cases the precursors of the named peoples of the first millennium BC: the Etruscans, the Veneti, and others. In a series of regional case studies, she uses quantitative methods to both reconstruct and analyze the character of these early networks and posits that, through path dependence, the initial structure of the networks played a role in the success or failure of the groups occupying those same regions in later times. This book thus bridges the divide between Italian prehistory and the Classical period, and demonstrates that Italy's regionalism began far earlier than previously thought.
•An open-source atrial wall thickness CT and MRI dataset (n=20) with consensus ground truth obtained with statistical estimation from expert delineation (n=2).•Exploring a range of metrics for ...evaluating and ranking wall segmentation and thickness algorithms (n=6), and benchmarks were set on each metric.•New three-dimensional mean thickness atlases for atrial wall thickness derived from the consensus ground truth. The atlas was also transformed into a two-dimensional flat map of thickness.
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Structural changes to the wall of the left atrium are known to occur with conditions that predispose to Atrial fibrillation. Imaging studies have demonstrated that these changes may be detected non-invasively. An important indicator of this structural change is the wall’s thickness. Present studies have commonly measured the wall thickness at few discrete locations. Dense measurements with computer algorithms may be possible on cardiac scans of Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The task is challenging as the atrial wall is a thin tissue and the imaging resolution is a limiting factor. It is unclear how accurate algorithms may get and how they compare in this new emerging area. We approached this problem of comparability with the Segmentation of Left Atrial Wall for Thickness (SLAWT) challenge organised in conjunction with MICCAI 2016 conference. This manuscript presents the algorithms that had participated and evaluation strategies for comparing them on the challenge image database that is now open-source.
The image database consisted of cardiac CT (n=10) and MRI (n=10) of healthy and diseased subjects. A total of 6 algorithms were evaluated with different metrics, with 3 algorithms in each modality. Segmentation of the wall with algorithms was found to be feasible in both modalities. There was generally a lack of accuracy in the algorithms and inter-rater differences showed that algorithms could do better. Benchmarks were determined and algorithms were ranked to allow future algorithms to be ranked alongside the state-of-the-art techniques presented in this work. A mean atlas was also constructed from both modalities to illustrate the variation in thickness within this small cohort.
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with the pro‐drugs 5‐aminolevulinic acid (ALA) or methyl aminolevulinate (MAL) utilizes the combined interaction of a photosensitizer, light and molecular oxygen to ablate ...tumor tissue. To potentially increase accumulation of the photosensitizer, protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), within tumor cells an iron chelator can be employed. This study analyzed the effects of ALA/MAL‐induced PDT combined with the iron chelator 1, 2‐diethyl‐3‐hydroxypyridin‐4‐one hydrochloride (CP94) on the accumulation of PpIX in human glioma cells in vitro. Cells were incubated for 0, 3 and 6 h with various concentrations of ALA/MAL with or without CP94 and the resulting accumulations of PpIX, which naturally fluoresces, were quantified prior to and following light irradiation. In addition, counts of viable cells were recorded. The use of CP94 in combination with ALA/MAL produced significant enhancements of PpIX fluorescence in human glioma cells. At the highest concentrations of each prodrug, CP94 enhanced PpIX fluorescence significantly at 3 h for ALA and by more than 50% at 6 h for MAL. Cells subsequently treated with ALA/MAL‐induced PDT in combination with CP94 produced the greatest cytotoxicity. It is therefore concluded that with further study CP94 may be a useful adjuvant to photodiagnosis and/or PpIX‐induced PDT treatment of glioma.
This book offers a comprehensive introduction to the archaeology of Mediterranean prehistory and an essential reference to the most recent research and fieldwork. Only book available to offer general ...coverage of Mediterranean prehistory Written by 14 of the leading archaeologists in the field Spans the Neolithic through the Iron Age, and draws from all the major regions of the Mediterranean's coast and islands Presents the central debates in Mediterranean prehistory---trade and interaction, rural economies, ritual, social structure, gender, monumentality, insularity, archaeometallurgy and the metals trade, stone technologies, settlement, and maritime traffic---as well as contemporary legacies of the region's prehistoric past Structure of text is pedagogically driven Engages diverse theoretical approaches so students will see the benefits of multivocality
Despite the popularity of minimally invasive approaches in total hip arthroplasty, studies regarding their impact on soft tissues and long-term benefits are lacking. This study aims to compare the ...10-year functional outcome of the piriformis-sparing minimally invasive approach to the standard posterior approach for total hip arthroplasty surgery.
Hundred patients were randomized, 48 patients to the piriformis-sparing approach and 52 to the standard approach. Primary outcomes were hip function and piriformis muscle volume and grade on magnetic resonance imaging. Secondary outcomes were pain, satisfaction score, and complications. Evaluators were blinded to allocation. Participants were followed up to 10 years.
Ten years following surgery, both groups reported excellent pain relief, improved hip function, and high satisfaction. The significant differences were improvement in piriformis muscle volume (P = .001) and muscle grade (P = .007) in the piriformis-sparing group compared to the standard group. There were no significant differences in all other outcomes.
Aside from being less injurious to the piriformis muscle, the piriformis-sparing approach offered the same long-term functional benefits as the standard posterior approach at 10 years.
As archaeological applications of social network analyses mature, new approaches may be incorporated into the network analysis ‘toolkit’ for archaeologists. One potential area for analysis that has ...long been important in social network studies but to date has been virtually ignored by archaeologists is the study of local structure, the relations of nodes and ties within networks, particularly dyads and triads. With relatively sparse datasets most archaeologists have focused on macrolevel studies of entire networks, or else the roles of particular nodes in networks. Microlevel studies offer insights into the structural properties of a network and may provide bases for comparisons of network characters that would not be apparent from density measures or other macrolevel measures of connectivity alone. This paper examines the triad census and the related concept of transitivity and applies these concepts to a particular case study: the networks of archaeological sites with ties based on the co-presence of artifact types in peninsular Italy at the end of the Bronze Age. I demonstrate that microlevel studies such as the ones considered here can reveal new information about the structure of archaeological networks.
Background. Human enterovirus (HEV)–71 causes large outbreaks of hand-foot-and-mouth disease with central nervous system (CNS) complications, but the role of HEV-71 genogroups or dual infection with ...other viruses in causing severe disease is unclear. Methods. We prospectively studied children with suspected HEV-71 (i.e., hand-foot-and-mouth disease, CNS disease, or both) over 3.5 years, using detailed virological investigation and genogroup analysis of all isolates. Results. Seven hundred seventy-three children were recruited, 277 of whom were infected with HEV-71, including 28 who were coinfected with other viruses. Risk factors for CNS disease in HEV-71 included young age, fever, vomiting, mouth ulcers, breathlessness, cold limbs, and poor urine output. Genogroup analysis for the HEV-71–infected patients revealed that 168 were infected with genogroup B4, 68 with C1, and 41 with a newly emerged genogroup, B5. Children with HEV-71 genogroup B4 were less likely to have CNS complications than those with other genogroups (26 15% of 168 vs. 30 28% of 109; odds ratio OR, 0.48; 95% confidence interval CI, 0.26–0.91; P = .0223) and less likely to be part of a family cluster (12 7% of 168 vs. 29 27% of 109; OR, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.10–0.46; P < .0001); children with HEV-71 genogroup B5 were more likely to be part of a family cluster (OR, 6.26; 95% CI, 2.77–14.18; P < .0001). Children with HEV-71 and coinfected with another enterovirus or adenovirus were no more likely to have CNS disease. Conclusions. Genogroups of HEV-71 may differ with regard to the risk of causing CNS disease and the association with family clusters. Dual infections are common, and all possible causes should be excluded before accepting that the first virus identified is the causal agent.
After seven years of organizing, the Bears Ears Inter-Tribal Coalition- made up of the Hopi, Navajo, Uintah and Ouray Ute, Ute Mountain Ute, and Zuni Nations-secured the protection of 1.35 million ...acres of federal public land within the boundaries of the state of Utah. The land included the twin Bears Ears buttes, which rose to the south above Cedar Mesa, a cultural landscape sacred to these five Native Nations and many others. President Barack Obama used the Antiquities Act to designate the region as "Bears Ears National Monument" just before he left office, in December 2016. One of Donald Trump's first acts as president was to order the Department of the Interior to review the size and scope of all national monuments established under the Antiquities Act since 1996. He called these monuments, including Bears Ears, a "massive federal land grab" that "unilaterally put millions of acres of land and water under strict federal control." In reality, however, President Obama's creation of Bears Ears National Monument was a moment of unprecedented historic importance. Bears Ears was the first national monument proposed by a coalition of tribes. Before President Trump's executive order, it stood to become the first national monument co-managed by a coalition of tribes and the U.S. government. "Bears Ears is all about Indian sovereignty," said Russell Begaye, the president of the Navajo Nation. In December 2017, President Trump gutted Bears Ears National Monument by 85 percent and opened the lands to oil and gas development, including fracking and mining. In short, President Trump turned what had been an affirmative act of Native nation-building into yet another site for resource extraction. President Joe Biden has an obligation-moral and legal-to correct this wrong. Restoring the original boundaries and protections of Bears Ears National Monument is a necessary step but an insufficient one. President Biden must go further. The Antiquities Act can get him there. The Antiquities Act allows President Biden to protect vast swaths of the federal public lands as national monuments, co-managed by tribes and federal agencies in accordance with principles of Indigenous ecological knowledge and land stewardship. These new "Native" monuments should honor Indigenous peoples' connections to their ancestral lands and restore their authority to access, use, and make decisions about those lands. In this way, President Biden can build on President Obama's work with Bears Ears to transform the Antiquities Act-a statute with a long history of oppressing Indigenous peoples-into an instrument of Native nation- building. If President Biden expressly describes his actions as affirmative expressions of the federal Indian trust doctrine and the doctrine of inherent tribal sovereignty, he could start to set a precedent for broad interpretations of the two most foundational doctrines in federal Indian law.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, PRFLJ, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
10.
A Letter from the Editors-in-Chief Blake, Emma; Schon, Robert
American journal of archaeology,
01/2024, Letnik:
128, Številka:
1
Journal Article
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