This article focuses on modeling 90Sr migration in strong nitrate solutions in aquifers used for radioactive waste disposal. This type of radioactive waste disposal is typical only for the Russian ...Federation and is a unique object of study. The calculations are based on the laboratory study of strontium sorption in nitrate solutions on sandy, loamy and clayey rocks under biotic (with natural microbial communities obtained from Seversky repository) and abiotic conditions. To obtain a strontium sorption model, first, an ion exchange model in PHREEQC software is fitted to the experimental data both manually and automatically (using MOUSE software). Since real nitrate-ion concentrations at radioactive waste injection sites can reach values of hundreds of grams per liter, strontium Kd values are predicted for high ionic strength (for which no experimental study of strontium sorption efficiency has been carried out) with PHREEQC-model. The strontium transport models accounting for sorption and the nitrate reduction processes have been developed using two numerical software packages: the GeRa 3D hydrogeological simulation code and the PHREEQC reactive transport code. Reactive transport modeling under different conditions shows a high sensitivity to dispersion. A significant effect of sorption of nitrate ion on Sr sorption is shown and a relatively small contribution of microbial processes to strontium transport is noted for liquid radioactive waste injection sites.
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•Model of ion exchange and NO3− reduction was used for Sr reactive transport modeling.•Microbial nitrate reduction can affect Sr transport in subsurface media.•Nitrate-ion cannot be considered as a neutral non-absorbable tracer.
Object of this research are macroeconomic indicators, which are important to descript economic situation in a country. Purpose of this work is to identify these indicators and to analyze how the ...state can affect these figures with available instruments. Here was constructed a model where the targets can be calculated from raw data - tools in the field of economic policy. Software code that implements all relations among the indicators and allows to analyze with high accuracy, sufficiently successful economic policies and with the help of some tools, you can achieve better results. This model can be used to forecast macroeconomic scenarios. The corresponding values of the objective (outcome) variables are set as a consequence of the configuration data of the previous period, subject to external influences and depend on the instrumental variables. The results may be useful in economical predictions. The results were successfully checked on real scenarios of Russian, European and Chinese economics. Moreover, the results can be applied in the field of education. Program is available to use as "economical game" the educational process of the University, in which you can virtually implement various macroeconomic scenarios, draw conclusions about their success.
IntroductionMaternal obesity is considered one of the several key factors that affect development of the immune system of newborns. Experimental and clinical data indicate an increased risk of ...developing autoimmune, allergic diseases and obesity in the offspring of obese mothers. The main mechanisms of the relationship between mother’s body weight and the immune system of a newborn person remain poorly understood.ObjectivesAim of this study was to analyze the cytokine status of umbilical cord blood of children born to mothers with obesity.MethodsUmbilical cord blood samples were taken from 65 children born to thin (n = 24), with overweight (n = 9) and obese mothers (n = 32). The levels of TNFα, TGFβ1, IL 18, IL 13, IL10 and IFN γ were quantified by IFA. Statistical processing of data was performed on a personal computer using licensed computer software ‘Microsoft Excel 2016’ and ‘STATISTICA 12’. The Student t-test value was determined while analyzing the distribution of quantitative data. The criterion of statistical significance level was p<0.05.ResultsCompared to children born to thin mothers, children born to obese mothers had higher levels of umbilical cord blood plasma TNFα (12,75±10,80 pg/ml and 4,94±3,55 pg/ml; P1,3=0,005408) and IFNγ (798,90±565,96 pg/ml and 311,05±249,08 pg/ml; P1, 3=0,014947).ConclusionThese results confirm the hypothesis that maternal obesity affects programming of the immune system of newborns providing a potential connection with an increase in the incidence of chronic inflammatory diseases and obesity in offspring.
With the aim of optimizing the technique for the synthesis of selenium nanoparticles stabilized with cocamidopropyl betaine, a multifactorial experiment with three input parameters and three levels ...of variation was carried out. The selenous acid, cocamidopropyl betaine, and ascorbic acid concentrations were considered as input parameters. The output parameters were the average hydrodynamic radius of the particles (
r
av
) and ζ-potential. Photon correlation spectroscopy analysis revealed monomodal size distribution in all the samples. It was shown that the average hydrodynamic radius is most strongly influenced by the concentrations of selenous and ascorbic acids. The minimal size of the selenium nanoparticles (
r
av
≤ 20 nm) is achieved at selenous acid concentration of 0.05 to 0.15 M and at ascorbic acid concentrations of 0.0332 to 0.5 M. Acoustic and electroacoustic spectroscopy examination showed that the technique proposed allows formation of both positively (ζ-potential = +29.71 mV) and negatively (ζ-potential = –2.86 mV) charged nanoparticles. It was found that the ζ-potential of the selenium nanoparticles depends very heavily on the concentrations of the stabilizer and of selenous acid. For obtaining positively charged selenium nanoparticles the selenous acid concentration should not exceed 0.15 M and the cocamidopropyl betaine concentrations should be greater than 0.12 M. Negatively charged selenium nanoparticles are formed at selenous acid concentrations above 0.15 M and at cocamidopropyl betaine concentration under 0.12 M. The micelle structure for the positively charged and negatively charged selenium nanoparticles was proposed.
In addition to the widely known large-volume Sukhoi Log–type gold deposits (e.g., Sukhoi Log, Verninskoe, etc.), the Lena gold province also hosts a series of objects that differ significantly in ...thte stratigraphic, mineralogical–petrographic, isotopic, and geochemical characteristics, as well as reserves. The Ozherel’e deposit is one of the most famous among these objects. This paper presents the main characteristics including similar and distinct features with Sukhoi Log–type deposits. The results of mineralogical–petrographic and isotopic studies provide no reason to ascribe the Ozherel’e deposit to the Sukhoi Log genetic type.
The results of studying the isotopic, geochemical, and TEDS properties of various generations of pyrite and pyrrhotite from the Ugakhan deposit, Bodaibo district of Irkutsk region, are presented. ...Differences in the composition of impurities are established. Early pyrites (py-I and py-II) are characterized by the presence of Ni, Co, Cr, and Au admixtures, the electronic type of conductivity, and values of δ
34
S ~ +5.6‰; py-III is characterized by a decreased amount of Ni, Co, and Cr, and an increased amount of As, the hole type of conductivity, and δ
34
S from +8.6 to +9.1‰. Post-ore py-IV and py-IV
Q
are characterized by the smallest admixture concentrations, the electronic type of conductivity, and isotopically lighter sulfur (δ
34
S ≤ +3.8‰).
It is now known that coals throughout the world contain many valuable elements. In the Irkutsk Region, coal mining is provided by the resources of the Irkutsk coal-bearing basin. The Irkutsk basin is ...a large area of the Jurassic continental sedimentary deposits in the south of the Siberian craton, with the Cheremkhovo, Prisayan and Kuda formations. The upper Cheremkhovo formation is the primary coal-bearing formation of the Irkutsk basin. This paper presents the geochemical data on the Karataevsky coal mine. Trace element concentrations were obtained using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The average Th content (14.24 ppm) in the studied coal seam is higher than that in most of the world coals. The Co (35 ppm), F (1008 ppm), Sn (12 ppm), Th (34 ppm) concentrations in the coal shale consisting primarily of kaolinite (90 %) are higher than in ordinary coals. The coals should be used considering the concentrations of potentially hazardous elements that are high relative to the world coals. The studied coals can be interesting in terms of their slight enrichment in Y, with an average concentration of 19.7 ppm, which is 2.4 times higher than that in the world coal.
We present time-resolved broadband observations of the quasar 3C 279 obtained from multi-wavelength campaigns conducted during the first two years of the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope mission. ...While investigating the previously reported gamma -ray/optical flare accompanied by a change in optical polarization, we found that the optical emission appears to be delayed with respect to the gamma -ray emission by about 10 days. X-ray observations reveal a pair of "isolated" flares separated by ~90 days, with only weak gamma -ray/optical counterparts. The spectral structure measured by Spitzer reveals a synchrotron component peaking in the mid-infrared band with a sharp break at the far-infrared band during the gamma -ray flare, while the peak appears in the millimeter (mm)/submillimeter (sub-mm) band in the low state. Selected spectral energy distributions are fitted with leptonic models including Comptonization of external radiation produced in a dusty torus or the broad-line region. Adopting the interpretation of the polarization swing involving propagation of the emitting region along a curved trajectory, we can explain the evolution of the broadband spectra during the gamma -ray flaring event by a shift of its location from ~1 pc to ~4 pc from the central black hole. On the other hand, if the gamma -ray flare is generated instead at sub-pc distance from the central black hole, the far-infrared break can be explained by synchrotron self-absorption. We also model the low spectral state, dominated by the mm/sub-mm peaking synchrotron component, and suggest that the corresponding inverse-Compton component explains the steady X-ray emission.
Experiments at the Super Charm-Tau factory Achasov, Mikhail N.; Blinov, Vladimir E.; Bobrov, Alexander V. ...
Physics Uspekhi,
01/2024, Letnik:
67, Številka:
1
Journal Article
IntroductionErythropoietin is considered as a protective tissue cytokine that increases angiogenesis. Obesity is associated with the development endothelial dysfunction, playing a key role in the ...pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome complications.ObjectivesTo determine the level of erythropoietin and presence of markers of endothelial cell dysfunction sVCAM-1 and VEGF-A in the blood of adolescents with obesity.MethodsWe examined 22 teenagers with obesity (body mass index – BMI – from 30.1 to 42.87) and 22 teenagers with normal BMI. The age of patients ranged from 13 to 18 years (average of 14.25 ±1.2). We analyzed serum concentrations of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor A VEGF-A – markers that indicate the presence of endothelial dysfunction. Data was analyzed with the use of statistical package Statistica 10.0 for Windows-10. The significance of the differences was determined at P value < 0.05.ResultsConcentration of sVCAM-1 (1395.23±264.73 ng/ml vs 847.44±190.23 ng/ml; p< 0.0001) and VEGF-A (75.89±54.79 pg/ml vs 6.22±5.74 pg/ml; p<0.0001) was higher in patients with obesity compare to the adolescents with the normal BMI. The correlation between the level of sVCAM-1 and BMI (r = 0,45; p<0,05).Erythropoietin level in obese children was lower than in children with normal BMI (17,24 ± 10.9 and 36,31 ± 31,41; p<0,001), a negative correlation between BMI and erythropoietin level (r = -0.26; p<0,05).Obese children revealed a negative correlation between the level of sVCAM-1 and the level of erythropoietin in the blood serum (r = 0,48; p<0,05).ConclusionsObesity in adolescents characterized by decreased erythropoietin and increased level of endothelial dysfunction markers sVCAM-1 more than 2 times, VEGF-A – more than 12 times compared to adolescents with a normal BMI. Evaluation of the protective role of erythropoietin in the prevention of endothelial dysfunction and its complications is necessary.
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