Context. Investigating the magnetic field structure in the innermost regions of relativistic jets is fundamental to understanding the crucial physical processes giving rise to jet formation, as well ...as to their extraordinary radiation output up to γ-ray energies. Aims. We study the magnetic field structure of the quasar CTA 102 with 3 and 7 mm VLBI polarimetric observations, reaching an unprecedented resolution (∼50 μas). We also investigate the variability and physical processes occurring in the source during the observing period, which coincides with a very active state of the source over the entire electromagnetic spectrum. Methods. We perform the Faraday rotation analysis using 3 and 7 mm data and we compare the obtained rotation measure (RM) map with the polarization evolution in 7 mm VLBA images. We study the kinematics and variability at 7 mm and infer the physical parameters associated with variability. From the analysis of γ-ray and X-ray data, we compute a minimum Doppler factor value required to explain the observed high-energy emission. Results. Faraday rotation analysis shows a gradient in RM with a maximum value of ∼6 × 104 rad m−2 and intrinsic electric vector position angles (EVPAs) oriented around the centroid of the core, suggesting the presence of large-scale helical magnetic fields. Such a magnetic field structure is also visible in 7 mm images when a new superluminal component is crossing the core region. The 7 mm EVPA orientation is different when the component is exiting the core or crossing a stationary feature at ∼0.1 mas. The interaction between the superluminal component and a recollimation shock at ∼0.1 mas could have triggered the multi-wavelength flares. The variability Doppler factor associated with such an interaction is large enough to explain the high-energy emission and the remarkable optical flare occurred very close in time.
The three epidemiologically important Opisthorchiidae liver flukes Opisthorchis felineus, O. viverrini, and Clonorchis sinensis, are believed to harbour similar potencies to provoke hepatobiliary ...diseases in their definitive hosts, although their populations have substantially different ecogeographical aspects including habitat, preferred hosts, population structure. Lack of O. felineus genomic data is an obstacle to the development of comparative molecular biological approaches necessary to obtain new knowledge about the biology of Opisthorchiidae trematodes, to identify essential pathways linked to parasite-host interaction, to predict genes that contribute to liver fluke pathogenesis and for the effective prevention and control of the disease.
Here we present the first draft genome assembly of O. felineus and its gene repertoire accompanied by a comparative analysis with that of O. viverrini and Clonorchis sinensis. We observed both noticeably high heterozygosity of the sequenced individual and substantial genetic diversity in a pooled sample. This indicates that potency of O. felineus population for rapid adaptive response to control and preventive measures of opisthorchiasis is higher than in O. viverrini and C. sinensis. We also have found that all three species are characterized by more intensive involvement of trans-splicing in RNA processing compared to other trematodes.
All revealed peculiarities of structural organization of genomes are of extreme importance for a proper description of genes and their products in these parasitic species. This should be taken into account both in academic and applied research of epidemiologically important liver flukes. Further comparative genomics studies of liver flukes and non-carcinogenic flatworms allow for generation of well-grounded hypotheses on the mechanisms underlying development of cholangiocarcinoma associated with opisthorchiasis and clonorchiasis as well as species-specific mechanisms of these diseases.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
2-Amino-4H-chromene derivatives possess anticancer property proved on different in vivo and in vitro models of malignancies such breast, nasopharyngeal, bladder, ovary carcinomas, astrocytoma, and ...osteosarcoma. We assumed it might be effective to apply one of the derivatives as promising approach to lung carcinoma treatment. to evaluate how novel 4-aryl substituted 2-amino-4H-chromene derivative AX-554 impacts tumor growth and progression, as well as possible mechanisms for anticancer effect development on in vivo patient-derived heterotopic xenograft model of lung carcinoma in mice. This was an experimental in vivo study. 40 nu/nu BALB/c female mice were randomly allocated into four equal groups: Intact, control, reference, and main group. Animals of three latter groups were ingrafted with human-derived lung adenocarcinoma. Antitumor and antimetastatic action of AX-554 novel aminochromone derivative as a substance were studied. Mice survival was registered. Kinase of anaplastic lymphoma (ALK), tubulin Beta-3 (TUBB3), and c-mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) concentrations in the prime tumor nodes homogenates were determined by quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Dannet's parametric criterion and the nonparametric exact Fisher test were used. The normality of the distribution was determined using ANOVA. The survival curve was analyzed using Gehan's criterion with the Yates's correction. Aminochromone derivative possesses an inhibitory effect on human lung adenocarcinoma transplanted into nu/nu BALB/c female mice, as well as significant antimetastatic activity. About 50 mg/kg/day AX-554 intragastric course increases animals' life expectancy of more than 3.3 times when compared with the control and induces remission in 60% of cases. The anticancer effect of the derivative is due to anti-ALK-mediated activation of tumor cells apoptosis and suppression TUBB3-dependent cell proliferation.
ABSTRACT We perform a multi-wavelength polarimetric study of the quasar CTA 102 during an extraordinarily bright γ-ray outburst detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope in 2012 September-October ...when the source reached a flux of F>100 MeV = 5.2 0.4 × 10−6 photons cm−2 s−1. At the same time, the source displayed an unprecedented optical and near-infrared (near-IR) outburst. We study the evolution of the parsec-scale jet with ultra-high angular resolution through a sequence of 80 total and polarized intensity Very Long Baseline Array images at 43 GHz, covering the observing period from 2007 June to 2014 June. We find that the γ-ray outburst is coincident with flares at all the other frequencies and is related to the passage of a new superluminal knot through the radio core. The powerful γ-ray emission is associated with a change in direction of the jet, which became oriented more closely to our line of sight (θ ∼ 1 2) during the ejection of the knot and the γ-ray outburst. During the flare, the optical polarized emission displays intra-day variability and a clear clockwise rotation of electric vector position angles (EVPAs), which we associate with the path followed by the knot as it moves along helical magnetic field lines, although a random walk of the EVPA caused by a turbulent magnetic field cannot be ruled out. We locate the γ-ray outburst a short distance downstream of the radio core, parsecs from the black hole. This suggests that synchrotron self-Compton scattering of NIR to ultraviolet photons is the probable mechanism for the γ-ray production.
Halmyrolysis, as one of the global processes of alteration of seafloor hydrothermal sediments, needs to be recognized in terms of mineral and trace element evolution to elaborate new criteria for ...metallogenic and geoecological forecasts with respect to ocean exploration. The purpose of this paper is to explain trace elements’ behavior during the halmyrolysis of sulfide deposits. This task is resolved using an LA-ICP-MS analysis of iron oxyhydroxides (IOHs) on examples of oxidized pyrrhotite-rich diffusers of the ultramafic-hosted Pobeda-1 hydrothermal field (Mid-Atlantic Ridge). The IOHs formed after the sulfides were enriched in seawater-derived trace elements (Na, K, Mg, Ca, Sr, P, U, Mo, V, REE, Cr). Six trace element assemblages (TEAs) are statistically recognized for the IOHs. TEA-I (Cu, In, Sn, Bi, Se, Te) is inherited from chalcopyrite, isocubanine and bornite microinclusions. TEA-II is typical of Zn sulfides (Zn, Cd, Sb, Tl, Ag) interacted with seawater (Mg, U, Mo, Ni, Na, K) and hydrothermal fluid (Eu). TEA-III (Ca, Sr, Cu, Si, Se, P, As) reflects the inclusions of aragonite, opal, atacamite and possibly native selenium, while P and As occur as absorbed oxyanion groups on IOHs or Ca–Fe hydroxyphosphates. TEA-IV (Al, Ga, Ge, Tl, W, Ti ± Mn, Co, Ba) indicates the presence of minor clays, Co-rich Mn oxyhydroxides and barite. TEA-V with Pb and V is closely related to TEA-VI with REEs except for Eu. The halmyrolysis of sulfides includes two stages: (i) oxidation of S(II) of primary sulfides and the formation of supergene sulfides, which scavenge the redox-sensitive elements (e.g., U, Mo, Ni, Eu), and (ii) oxidation of Fe (II) to Fe (III) and absorption of most elements of TEAs III, IV, V and VI by IOHs.
We present gamma-ray, X-ray, ultraviolet, optical, and near-infrared light curves of 33 gamma-ray bright blazars over 4 years that we have been monitoring since 2008 August with multiple optical, ...ground-based telescopes and the Swift satellite, and augmented by data from the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope and other publicly available data from Swift. The sample consists of 21 flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) and 12 BL Lac objects (BL Lacs). We identify quiescent and active states of the sources based on their gamma-ray behavior. We derive gamma-ray, X-ray, and optical spectral indices, alpha sub(gamma), alpha sub(X), and alpha sub(0) respectively (F sub(v) is proportional to v super(alpha)), and construct spectral energy distributions during quiescent and active states. We analyze the relationships between different special indices, blazar classes, and activity states. We discuss the findings with respect to the relative prominence of different components of high-energy and optical emission as the flux state changes.
Diagnosing the mobility of individuals involved in metal production helps to understand practices of metallurgy and related social processes in the southern Trans-Urals during the Late Bronze Age. In ...this paper, we present a comprehensive analysis of a unique Sintashta culture grave of an elderly male individual, dated to the early 2nd millennium BCE. The grave is notable for evidence of craft specialization in metal production, as indicated by a specific set of artifacts, while the deceased individual possessed unusual physical appearance, which apparently did not cause his social marginalization. The individual’s lifetime mobility is suggested by
87
Sr/
86
Sr values in his tissues that differ from those typical for the cemetery locus and the presence of non-local copper ore indicates long-distance exchange or import. We assume that craft specialization in metal production could be a factor in individual mobility related to the ore procurement and metal exchange.
CONTEXT: Exploration of the biological property of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) signaling that may impact bladder tumor growth in humanized animals and cell culture.
AIMS: The aim of this study ...is to evaluate how PD-L1 signaling involves bladder cancer growth and progression.
SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This study design involves experimental in vivo and in vivo study.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A role of PD-L1 signaling pathway inhibition for bladder cancer growth was assessed in humanized immunodeficient animals carried main molecular subtypes of bladder carcinoma patient-derived xenografts and provided with selective anti-PD-L1 treatment; bladder cancer cells invasiveness was evaluated in mixed RT112/84 cells + CD4+ cells culture incubated with PD-L1 blocker durvalumab. We used two-tailed Student's t-test to explore differences between main and control subgroups. Significance of intergroup comparison was measured with one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey's or Newman-Keul's criterion. Survival curves were analyzed with Gehan's criterion with the Yate's correction. Differences were considered statistically significant at P < 0.05.
RESULTS: Anti-PD-L1 intervention increased survival of the animals carried both primary and relapsed luminal noninvasive, muscular invasive, and relapsed luminal bladder cancer xenografts. There was significant retardation of tumor volume duplication time in aforementioned subgroups correlated with PD-L1 expression. Durvalumab treatment in concentration-dependent manner inhibited tumor cells invasiveness of mixed RT112 + CD4+ culture cells with its maximum at the highest studied concentration (10 μM).
CONCLUSIONS: Obtained data constituted the pivotal role of programmed cell death-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway in bladder cancer development and progression. The results will have major implications for further clinical investigations.
The blazar 1156+295 was active at ...-ray energies, exhibiting three prominent flares during the year 2010. Here, we present results using the combination of broad-band (X-ray through mm single-dish) ...monitoring data and radio-band imaging data at 43 GHz on the connection of ...-ray events to the ejections of superluminal components and other changes in the jet of 1156+295. The kinematics of the jet over the interval 2007.0-2012.5 using 43 GHz Very Long Baseline Array observations reveal the presence of four moving and one stationary component in the inner region of the blazar jet. The propagation of the third and fourth components in the jet corresponds closely in time to the active phase of the source in ...-rays. We briefly discuss the implications of the structural changes in the jet for the mechanism of ...-ray production during bright flares. To localize the ...-ray emission site in the blazar, we performed the correlation analysis between the 43. GHz radio core and the ...-ray light curve. The time lag obtained from the correlation constrains the ...-ray emitting region in the parsec-scale jet. (ProQuest: ... denotes formulae/symbols omitted.)
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