The stated main goal of restructuring the network of scientific organizations that was accompanied by the creation of Federal Research Centers (FRCs) was to increase their efficiency, that is, ...specific research performance. The first FRCs were established in 2014. Despite the ambiguous attitude of the academic community to the amalgamation of institutes and the FRC management experience accumulated to date, there are still no quantitative studies of the effect of the amalgamation of institutes and the creation of multidisciplinary regional research centers. This work attempts to fill this gap with the help of a specially developed research performance indicator that allows a comparison of scientific organizations by efficiency in different areas of research, with multitopic studies included. The results show that, generally speaking, the expected rise in performance has not been achieved and the success of individual research centers is quite comparable to the rise in performance of top institutes that were not exposed to restructuring.
This article focuses on modeling 90Sr migration in strong nitrate solutions in aquifers used for radioactive waste disposal. This type of radioactive waste disposal is typical only for the Russian ...Federation and is a unique object of study. The calculations are based on the laboratory study of strontium sorption in nitrate solutions on sandy, loamy and clayey rocks under biotic (with natural microbial communities obtained from Seversky repository) and abiotic conditions. To obtain a strontium sorption model, first, an ion exchange model in PHREEQC software is fitted to the experimental data both manually and automatically (using MOUSE software). Since real nitrate-ion concentrations at radioactive waste injection sites can reach values of hundreds of grams per liter, strontium Kd values are predicted for high ionic strength (for which no experimental study of strontium sorption efficiency has been carried out) with PHREEQC-model. The strontium transport models accounting for sorption and the nitrate reduction processes have been developed using two numerical software packages: the GeRa 3D hydrogeological simulation code and the PHREEQC reactive transport code. Reactive transport modeling under different conditions shows a high sensitivity to dispersion. A significant effect of sorption of nitrate ion on Sr sorption is shown and a relatively small contribution of microbial processes to strontium transport is noted for liquid radioactive waste injection sites.
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•Model of ion exchange and NO3− reduction was used for Sr reactive transport modeling.•Microbial nitrate reduction can affect Sr transport in subsurface media.•Nitrate-ion cannot be considered as a neutral non-absorbable tracer.
—This article presents the results of a webometric study of 461 library websites of the global web space (98 countries). The main attention in the work is paid to indicators of presence in the world ...wide web, such as the number of web pages, full-text files, and backlink indicators. The result of the study was the ranking of library sites for 3 years (2018–2020), the first place in which is consistently occupied by the site of the Library of Congress (Washington, United States). The leading position in the Russian segment were held by the site of the Russian National Library in the first 2 years, which was displaced later by the Vologda Regional Universal Scientific Library.
Current research on the stability of well walls when drilling in fractured rocks and also when drilling inclined sections of the well profile are based on the assessment of the effect of drilling ...fluid filtrate. The novelty of this work lies in studying the complex effect of a water-swellable polymer on the stability of well wall, on the one hand, and on the controlled loss of circulation on the other. For preparing rock samples, a method was used based on standard laboratory equipment fordrilling fluid properties. The well wall stability tests are performedon a direct shear apparatus.The WSP composition based on alcohol, ether, and surfactant (Polyecanol Flora) showed its efficiency by increasing the stability coefficient with the engagement of less and more internal friction angle.PHPA-based viscoelastic composition showed the best result by increasing the stability coefficient in the hazardous areas by 50-60%.
During development of drilling projects, a whole array of data is needed considering the properties of rocks and the conditions of their bedding. Accounting for geomechanical processes occurring in ...the near-wellbore zone allows avoiding many complications associated with the violation of the wellbore walls stability at all stages of its construction and operation. Technological and technical factors such as vibration and rotation of the drilling string, formation of launders during the descent and ascent of the assembly, pressure pulsation during the start and stop of pumps, hydrostatic and hydrodynamic pressure of the drilling fluid, its composition and properties, have a great influence on the stress-strain state of the medium opened by the well. The washing fluid circulating in the well should provide backpressure to the reservoir, not interact with the rocks chemically, colmatage channels in porous and fractured rocks, preventing penetration of the mud into the medium, by creating an impermeable barrier at drilling clay seams that are prone to swelling, cracking, etc. The article discusses the method for determining the stability of the directed well walls, taking into account the penetration of drilling mud into the pores and fractures of rocks. The technique will allow adjusting the zenith angle of the well during the workout of an unstable interval at the design stage, or selecting a drilling fluid composition to ensure fail-safe drilling.
As has been noted on numerous occasions, between 2012 and 2021, the pace of publications by Russian researchers rapidly increased; however, this growth was uneven in both quantitative and qualitative ...terms. Moreover, some research organizations had zero or even negative publication activity growth. To achieve a full understanding of the real development processes of the research sector requires analysis of the dynamics of dozens of indicators for hundreds of organizations. However, the question remains: how can these numerous data series be studied? To address this problem, this article proposes a method of classifying trends in time series based on a combination of three statistical tests of randomness against trend: the Cox-Stuart test, the inversion test of randomness, and the Mann–Kendall test. The method is used to classify a series of scientometric parameters that characterize various aspects of the publication activity of 701 leading Russian research organizations and universities, including a comprehensive publication score (an analogue of the official Composite Score for Publication Performance (CSPP)), the average quality level of publications, and the share of articles in conference proceedings. The differences trends of organizations of different types and performance categories are identified. This information is used to formulate new questions for further research into the causes of the observed trends in the development of Russian science.
Review Citation Factors Guskov, A. E.; Kosyakov, D. V.; Bagirova, A. V. ...
Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
11/2020, Letnik:
90, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Reviews are essential for the sustainable development of research, as evidenced by their higher citation rates compared to other types of publications. The literature on the typification of reviews ...is analyzed; the role of reviews in the general flow of scientific publications is characterized, including by scientific trends; and hypotheses about factors affecting the citation of scientific publications in general and reviews in particular are accumulated. To confirm the hypotheses and determine the degree of influence of individual factors, a correlation and regression analysis of the selected array of scientific reviews has been carried out. As a result, the influence of ten factors is shown. The most significant of them are the rating of the journal, the age of the article, the bibliography length, the language in which the review is written, and the average Hirsch index of the authors.
We examine a set of specific criteria designed to test hypotheses about the membership of observations to the uniform law. We studied the distribution of statistics of criteria and their power ...relative to various competing hypotheses. We identified advantages and disadvantages of the various criteria. It has been shown that a significant part of the criteria traditionally used when testing hypotheses about uniformity, is ectopic relative to a certain type of competing hypotheses. It is stressed that the special criteria for testing uniformity have no obvious advantages over non-parametric agreement criteria used for checking uniformity.
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