Precision viticulture systems are essential for enhancing traditional intensive viticulture, achieving high-quality results, and minimizing costs. This study explores the integration of Unmanned ...Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and artificial intelligence in precision viticulture, focusing on vine detection and vineyard zoning. Vine detection employs the YOLO (You Only Look Once) deep learning algorithm, achieving a remarkable 90% accuracy by analysing UAV imagery with various spectral ranges from various phenological stages. Vineyard zoning, achieved through the application of the K-means algorithm, incorporates geospatial data such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the assessment of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content in leaf blades and petioles. This approach enables efficient resource management tailored to each zone’s specific needs. The research aims to develop a decision-support model for precision viticulture. The proposed model demonstrates a high vine detection accuracy and defines management zones with variable weighting factors assigned to each variable while preserving location information, revealing significant differences in variables. The model’s advantages lie in its rapid results and minimal data requirements, offering profound insights into the benefits of UAV application for precise vineyard management. This approach has the potential to expedite decision making, allowing for adaptive strategies based on the unique conditions of each zone.
This study aimed to investigate the level of exposure of eye lenses in
orthopedic surgeons performing routine clinical work and to determine
future monitoring practice, as Serbian radiation ...protection law still
employs higher limits. The dose was measured monthly in terms of H (0.03)
with three different dosimeters placed on a 3-D-printed headband, worn on a
forehead by three orthopedic surgeons, during all procedures involving
fluoroscopy. The mean dose for the left and right eye was 271 ? 109 ?Sv and
269 ? 101 ?Sv, respectively, with no significant difference (p-value
0.977) between the left and right eye observed. Considering the highest
recorded monthly value, the annual dose is expected to be 4.85 mSv without
protective items, well below the new ICRP limit of 20 mSv. There was no
observed correlation between eye lens dose and both fluoroscopy time and
exposure parameters. Considering the cumulative impact of dose and the
evidence pointing to an elevated incidence of lenticular opacities for
cumulative doses exceeding 10 mSv, it is advisable to institute ongoing
monitoring, especially when new surgeons incorporate image-guided
procedures or when novel techniques are introduced into surgical practice.
Even at low levels, exposure to ionising radiation can lead to eye damage. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not yet fully understood. We aimed to address this gap with a comprehensive
...approach to the issue. For this purpose we relied on the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD), ToppGene Suite, Cytoscape, GeneMANIA, and Metascape to identify six key regulator genes associated with radiation-induced eye damage (
,
,
,
,
, and
), all of which have physical interactions. Some of the identified molecular functions revolve around DNA repair mechanisms, while others are involved in protein binding, enzymatic activities, metabolic processes, and post-translational protein modifications. The biological processes are mostly centred on response to DNA damage, the p53 signalling pathway in particular. We identified a significant role of several miRNAs, such as hsa-miR-183 and hsamiR-589, in the mechanisms behind ionising radiation-induced eye injuries. Our study offers a valuable method for gaining deeper insights into the adverse effects of radiation exposure.
In the 20th century, resistant grape varieties did not succeed due to the lack of wine quality analyses prior to introduction to the market. Thus, newly created resistant varieties should be tested ...for wine quality characteristics. This study evaluates new, resistant interspecies variety Dionis and parental Cabernet Franc wines (vintages 2017−2021): chemical characteristics (oenological parameters; polyphenolic profile by HPLC analysis), in vitro biological activity (biochemical and cell-based assays related to enzyme inhibitory, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity), safety aspects (ochratoxin A (OTA) occurrence), and sensory profile. According to oenological parameters, Dionis wine is very similar to Cabernet Franc wine. The most abundant phenolic acid in all samples was gallic acid (14.77−99.08 mg/L), catechin (8.12–41.09 mg/L) was the dominant flavonoid, and malvidin-3-O-glucoside (1.5–120.8 mg/L) the leading anthocyanin. Some differences in polyphenolic profile arose due to variety; annual environmental factors probably do not have great impact. All samples expressed considerable in vitro biological activity, reasonably correlated with content of some polyphenolics, such as anthocyanins. OTA was not detected in any sample. In general, sensory properties of Dionis and Cabernet Franc were similar, while, dependent on vintage, Dionis showed a more variable sensory profile.
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•According to oenological parameters, Dionis was very similar to Cabernet Franc wine.•Polyphenolic profile of Dionis and Cabernet Franc wines differs to some extent.•Dionis and Cabernet Franc wines had considerable in vitro biological activity.•Ochratoxin A was not detected in any sample.•Sensory profiles of Dionis and Cabernet Franc were similar.
Quality control and assurance of mammography X-ray generators include the use of solid-state detectors and/or ionization chambers calibrated in standard reference radiation fields. The IEC 61267:2005 ...standard defines reference mammography radiation fields for Mo/Mo anode/filtration, while various anode/filtration combinations are encountered in clinical mammography X-ray units. Not all Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratories have an X-ray generator with Mo/Mo radiation setup. Thus, traceability can be established only for the available anode/filter combinations, commonly limited to W/Al. In this study, W/Al radiation fields were established under laboratory conditions by performing half-value layer measurements. Then, four solid-state detectors were characterized. X-ray multimeter performance was evaluated in terms of energy response in the W/Al radiation fields. In the laboratory conditions, the energy response of the dosimeters had a large deviation from unity for dosimeters without appropriate anode/filter combination selected in the software settings, even though most of the dosimeters had a uniform relative response. The discrepancy in the response was further investigated by examining its variation induced by available detector software settings, and it was determined that the dosimeter response can vary up to 20 %. In a clinical setup, the half-value layer was determined, and detector performance was examined. Dosimeters were tested in clinical fields with Mo/Mo, Mo/Rh, W/Rh, W/Ag anode/filter combinations in the X-ray tube voltage range from 25 kV to 35 kV. For most clinical radiation fields, multi-element detectors had energy response deviation within ±5 %. The single-element detector had one software setting available and exhibited strong energy dependence. Extensive testing of detector response, such as presented in this paper. allows for correction factor interpolation based on the half-value layer.
•IEC standard defines mammography reference radiation fields only for Mo/Mo.•Clinical mammography spectra differ due to various anode/filtration materials used.•Non-standard W/Al qualities for laboratory calibration purposes were developed.•Software induced changes in X-ray multimeter response for W/Al fields were examined.•Performance of X-ray multimeters in clinical mammography beams was evaluated.
Individual monitoring service at the Department for Radiation and Environmental Protection of Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences performs individual whole-body and extremities monitoring of exposed ...workers, using thermoluminescent dosimetry (TLD) method. The dosemeters for eye-lens personal dose equivalent measurements, Hp(3), are not regularly used at the workplaces in Serbia, even though the individual monitoring method is accredited and available at the dosimetry service. Type testing of Hp(3) dosemeters based on LiF: Mg,Ti, placed in modified ring holders was done following the changes in ISO 4037:2019 and IEC 62387:2020. The type testing was done by varying radiation-based influence quantities: photon energies ranging from 33.3 keV up to 1.25 MeV, angle of incidence values of 0°, 45°, 60°, 75°, dose range from 0.05 mSv to 10 Sv. The results show that the passive dosimetry monitoring system satisfies IEC 62387:2020 requirements in the mandatory range of influence quantities, except for the lowest tested energy of 33 keV, when incident radiation angle is ±60° and higher.
•Recent changes in ISO 4037 and IEC 62387 prompted new type testing of TLD system.•Introduction of 20 mSv annual limit brought focus to the eye lens dose monitoring.•TLD system that measures Hp(3) due to photon radiation was tested.•Values of CoV limit the use of the system in the dose range from 0.3 mSv to 1 Sv.•System showed unsatisfactory overresponse for more than 60° incident angle.
Aim: The transport of sugars into grape berry mesocarp cells across the plasma and vacuolar membranes after onset of ripening is a complex process. Elements of the sugar transport mechanism may be ...assessed by exposing the mesocarp cells and investigating sugar movement across the membranes. The purpose of this study was to gain insights into the nature of the transport mechanism by creating conditions conducive to hexose efflux from the peeled berry.Methods and results: The experimental technique employed was a derivate of the ‘berry-cup’ technique. The skin of ripening cv. Shiraz berries was peeled in situ and, after an initial wash, hexose efflux into a collection medium (MES buffer) was monitored. Additionally, during the period of intensive sugar accumulation (one week after veraison) and two weeks later, hexose efflux was assessed following three modifications: (i) using berries excised from the vine, (ii) using MES buffer (2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid, pH 5.5) containing PCMBS (p-chloromercuribenzenesulfonic acid, 1mM), and (iii) using cold (10°C) or warm (40°C) MES buffer. Hexose quantities collected into the buffer were dependent on ripening stage and buffer temperature, but they were not dependent on an intact berry-to-cluster connection. The inhibitory effect of PCMBS was observed early in ripening, but not two weeks later.Conclusions: These results lead us to the conclusion that the origin of the collected hexoses was vacuolar as opposed to vascular, and that the hexose efflux mechanism is differently sensitive to PCMBS at the two stages of ripening.Significance and impact of the study: This simple technique was effective at providing insights into hexose transport within the grape berry at the cellular level.
Summary The Serbian fungus-tolerant grapevine cultivar ‘Morava’ has been recognized by both wine producers and consumers, resulting in increased areas devoted to the cultivar. ‘Morava’ (‘SK 77-7/4’ x ...‘Bianca’, released in Sremski Karlovci) is a popular cultivar for white wines, particularly in the central part of Serbia, because of the interesting aroma profile of its wine. The objective of this research was to investigate the yield, grape quality and wine sensory characteristics of the ‘Morava’ grapevine cultivar grown under organic and conventional management. The experiment was conducted at an experimental field for viticulture in Sremski Karlovci (Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad) during the period 2015-2018. The grape yields produced under organic management were found lower than those under conventional management. The chemical composition of organic grapes was on par with that of conventional grapes, whereas the wine sensory characteristics of organic grapes were scored higher than those of conventional grapes.
The aim of the study was to assess Cs+ ions transport phenomena from solidified spent ion exchange resin by mathematical modeling. The experimental results comparison was obtained by Hespe's Standard ...Leaching Method. For the leaching prediction rate as a function of time, diffusion and semi-empirical models were used. Due to the presence of spent ion exchange resin, the cement matrix absorbed a larger amount of water, swelled, and degraded. This phenomenon caused a significantly lower value of mechanical resistance to pressure. Also, through the increase of bentonite and zeolite content, the cement matrix decreased its mechanical resistance. The retention of cesium ions in the cement matrix was low and they were leached during the early phase of the investigation. The diffusion coefficient, De, decreased by three orders of magnitude with the addition of zeolite and bentonite in the cement matrix. Linear regression of experimental Cs+ leaching results, under static conditions, displayed that the semi-empirical parameter K3 than the absolute values of the parameters K2 and K1. Therefore, the contribution of matrix dissolution to the total radionuclides transport was irrelevant to the prevailing share of diffusion and surface washing processes.
The aim of this paper is to examine the energy and angular responses of
thermoluminescent (LiF:Mg,Ti and LiF:Mg,Cu,P) and optically stimulated
luminescent (Al2O3:C) dosimeters with experimental ...measurements
and Monte Carlo simulations. Nine radiation qualities, with mean energies
ranging from 33 keV to 1.25 MeV, and five angles of incidence, between 0?
and 80?, were used to conduct this analysis. The IEC 62387:2020
international radiation protection standard was used as the dosimeter
response measure of quality. The experimental and simulated data exhibit
that the dosimeter responses meet the standard's criteria, with certain
exceptions on lower energies.
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