An intense positron sources is a demanding element in the design of future lepton colliders. A crystal-based hybrid positron source could be an alternative to a more conventional scheme based on the ...electron conversion into positron in a thick amorphous target. The conceptual idea of the hybrid source is to have two separate objects, a photon radiator and a photon-to-positron converter target. In such a scheme an electron beam crosses a thin axially oriented crystal with the emission of a channeling radiation, characterized by a considerably larger amount of photons if compared to Bremsstrahlung. The net result is an increase in the number of produced positrons at the converter target. In this paper we present the results of a beam test conducted at the DESY TB 21 with 5.6 GeV electron beam and a crystalline tungsten radiator. Experimental data clearly highlight an increased production of photons and they are critically compared with the outcomes of novel method to simulate the number of radiated photons, showing a very good agreement. Strong of this, the developed simulation tool has been exploited to design a simple scheme for a positron source based on oriented crystal, demonstrating the advantages in terms of reduction of both deposited energy and the peak energy deposition density if compared to conventional sources. The presented work opens the way for a realistic and detailed design of a hybrid crystal-based positron source for future lepton colliders.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
We have observed a significant enhancement in the energy deposition by 25–
100
GeV
photons in a
1
cm
thick tungsten crystal oriented along its
⟨
111
⟩
lattice axes. At
100
GeV
, this enhancement, ...with respect to the value observed without axial alignment, is more than twofold. This effect, together with the measured huge increase in secondary particle generation is ascribed to the acceleration of the electromagnetic shower development by the strong axial electric field. The experimental results have been critically compared with a newly developed Monte Carlo adapted for use with crystals of multi-
X
0
thickness. The results presented in this paper may prove to be of significant interest for the development of high-performance photon absorbers and highly compact electromagnetic calorimeters and beam dumps for use at the energy and intensity frontiers.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
This article describes the design, assembly and
characterization of a portable cosmic ray detector, developed by the
INSULAB group and suitable for teaching activities aimed at high
school ...students. It consists of a compact aluminum suitcase
containing three plastic scintillator modules coupled to
photomultipliers, readout by a custom compact electronics chain and
powered by a power bank. The modules operate in coincidence and the
system records the arrival time of each particle and the time over
threshold of the signal of each scintillator module. The data are
acquired and processed by a Raspberry PI connected to a touch screen
display for online monitoring. The procedure implemented for the
determination of the detector efficiency is reported, along with the
results of the measurements of the cosmic ray rate as a function of
the altitude and the zenith angle, performed in the laboratory and
in different locations outdoors.
Scintillating homogeneous detectors represent the state of the art in electromagnetic calorimetry. Moreover, the currently neglected crystalline nature of the most common inorganic scintillators can ...be exploited to achieve an outstanding performance boost in terms of compactness and energy resolution. In fact, it was recently demonstrated by the AXIAL/ELIOT experiments that a strong reduction in the radiation length inside PWO, and a subsequent enhancement in the scintillation light emitted per unit thickness, are attained when the incident particle trajectory is aligned with a crystal axis within ~ 1°. A SiPM-based system has been developed to directly probe this remarkable effect by measuring the scintillation light emitted by a PWO sample. The same concept could be applied to full-scale detectors that would feature a design significantly more compact than currently achievable and unparalleled resolution in the range of interest for present and future experiments.
Abstract
Issue
Italian Public Health services still lack adequate measuring systems for effectiveness and sustainability, as well as standard definitions for many Public Health activities (PHA), ...meaning a shortage of data reflecting performance and generation of value. Within the Friuli Venezia Giulia region, the Final Products (FP) project created a process-based management system for PHA to support scheduling, allocation of resources and the assessment of quality and appropriateness.
Description of the Problem
From June 2017 to October 2018, 68 Public Health professionals (PHP) from 10 Public Health areas composed flowcharts and dossiers for 102 processes (named FP). Within each of them, they traced and collected PHA in a regional glossary of 184 items, providing standard definitions for them. A Committee of 18 PHP from the original team validated the system to perform from June to July 2019 a valorisation phase, in which all regional PHP were asked to valorise PHA through a matrix-based assessment in terms of personnel involved and time required.
Results
Valorisation was performed by 445/557 PHP (80%). Data were analysed both as a regional output and as grouped for Public Health district, allowing comparative assessments. A Summary Document (SD) for each FP was created, tabulating time and personnel data. SDs will be returned to the Committee in 7 regional meetings (February-October 2020), one for each Basic Healthcare Levels (A-G) category, and a wrap-up document will be presented to regional policymakers in November 2020.
Lessons
The project allowed the region to acquire a document summarising process standards for PHA. Mapping and standardising processes while framing the current organisational set-up defined more clearly the role of all PHP within Departments of Prevention to add value to each professional figure. Time quantification, especially, showed different approaches to PHA and processes among different regional Public Health settings.
Key messages
Process management can be successfully used to identify current specific issues in Public Health activities, in order to implement solutions based on a shared methodology and reliable data. Departments of Prevention can make output assessments easier and better structured through the application of process analysis and managerial competencies.
The SARS-Cov-2 pandemic that exploded in 2020 resulted in an exceptional school closure involving at least 188 countries worldwide, leaving more than 90% of children at home. This event excluded ...children and teenagers from the opportunity to learn, socialize, experiment and increased early school leaving. In light of these premises, during the summer months of 2020 the Azienda sanitaria Friuli Occidentale (AsFO) decided to set up a working group to accompany schools in the prevention and containment of the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 infection in the course of the school year 2020-21, with the aim of guaranteeing the right to study and favoring teaching activities in presence in the highest conditions of health and safety. The school reality of the Pordenone area is made up of 40 Comprehensive Institutes for a total of about 206 school complexes of all levels (public, equal and private). In total, the local school population is about 33,000 pupils and 4,000 units of school staff (teachers, ATA, etc ...). The activities of the Schools Group were analyzed by monitoring all interventions with carrying out rapid antigen tests at school and by assessing the incidence of infections within schools. From September 2020 to June 2021, the AsFO Schools Group participated in about 35 teaching colleges and more than 10 dedicated meetings with the families of school pupils of all levels. In total, 170 interventions with rapid antigen tests were carried out at school, involving all the schools in the Pordenone area and a total of 206 classes. During the interventions at school, a total of 6,370 rapid antigen tests were carried out, of which 70% concerned pupils (4,458 total tests) and 30% concerned school staff (1,912 total tests). The antigen tests carried out at school found 173 total positivity (equal to 3% of all tests carried out at school). Out of 173 positives found, 121 are students (70% of the total) and 52 are school staff (30% of the total). During the observation period, the results of the interventions with rapid antigen tests carried out at school led to the continuation of the teaching activity in the presence (with respect to the hygiene and behavioral measures defined by the DP) in 69% of cases (118 interventions). In 9% of cases (15 interventions) the "cross" quarantine was carried out, while in 17% of cases (29 interventions) the quarantine was established for the entire class / section. In 7 circumstances, following the intervention at school, quarantine was established for several classes. Only in 4 circumstances was the institution of quarantine for all school staff, a situation that led to the interruption of all educational activities for the quarantine period.
Abstract
The main source of systematic uncertainty on neutrino cross section measurements at the GeV scale originates from the poor knowledge of the initial flux. The reduction of this uncertainty to ...1% can be achieved through the monitoring of charged leptons produced in association with neutrinos. The goal of the ENUBET ERC project is to prove the feasibility of such a monitored neutrino beam. In this contribution, the final results of the ERC project, together with the complete assessment of the feasibility of its concept, are presented. An overview of the detector technology for a next generation of high precision neutrino-nucleus cross section measurements, to be performed with the ENUBET neutrino beam, is also given.
A survey was carried out in northern Italy (Veneto and Friuli Venezia Giulia Regions) to assess the extension of canine heartworm disease close to the classic hyperendemic areas of the Po Valley. A ...filtration test on 275 privately owned dogs showed a mean prevalence of 44%, with a peak of 55% in the Venice province. A high prevalence (17%) of occult filariosis was discovered using a serological test. These values fall within the medium-high range previously reported from other Italian areas. The provinces of Pordenone, Udine, Trieste, Treviso and Belluno, where no cases had been previously reported, were found to be infected. The distribution of the infection did not differ significantly with the dogs' origin or sex. The prevalence seemed to be influenced significantly (p < 0.01) by the hosts' age, function and degree of outdoor activity, reflecting the different exposure risks.
We have observed a significant enhancement in the energy deposition by \(25\)--\(100~\mathrm{GeV}\) photons in a \(1~\mathrm{cm}\) thick tungsten crystal oriented along its \(\langle 111 \rangle\) ...lattice axes. At \(100~\mathrm{GeV}\), this enhancement, with respect to the value observed without axial alignment, is more than twofold. This effect, together with the measured huge increase in secondary particle generation is ascribed to the acceleration of the electromagnetic shower development by the strong axial electric field. The experimental results have been critically compared with a newly developed Monte Carlo adapted for use with crystals of multi-\(X_0\) thickness. The results presented in this paper may prove to be of significant interest for the development of high-performance photon absorbers and highly compact electromagnetic calorimeters and beam dumps for use at the energy and intensity frontiers.
The ENUBET project is aimed at designing and experimentally demonstrating the concept of monitored neutrino beams. These novel beams are enhanced by an instrumented decay tunnel, whose detectors ...reconstruct large-angle charged leptons produced in the tunnel and give a direct estimate of the neutrino flux at the source. These facilities are thus the ideal tool for high-precision neutrino cross-section measurements at the GeV scale because they offer superior control of beam systematics with respect to existing facilities. In this paper, we present the first end-to-end design of a monitored neutrino beam capable of monitoring lepton production at the single particle level. This goal is achieved by a new focusing system without magnetic horns, a 20 m normal-conducting transfer line for charge and momentum selection, and a 40 m tunnel instrumented with cost-effective particle detectors. Employing such a design, we show that percent precision in cross-section measurements can be achieved at the CERN SPS complex with existing neutrino detectors.
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