The article discusses the formation of educational clusters and the development of e-Government, their contribution to the processes of formation of the postindustrial society and the knowledge ...economy. The tendencies of formation of the digital economy are analyzed and its requirements to the functions of electronic government are revealed. A close connection between the development of e-Government and economic development is proved. Definitions of the notion «educational cluster» discussed in the scientific literature are presented and a comprehensive analysis of the benefits of their development based on effective management decisions of e-Government is conducted.
The article discusses the formation of educational clusters and the development of e-Government, their contribution to the processes of formation of the postindustrial society and the knowledge ...economy. The tendencies of formation of the digital economy are analyzed and its requirements to the functions of electronic government are revealed. A close connection between the development of e-Government and economic development is proved. Definitions of the notion «educational cluster» discussed in the scientific literature are presented and a comprehensive analysis of the benefits of their development based on effective management decisions of e-Government is conducted.
Linear photophysical properties, two-photon absorption (2PA), and lasing effects of new fluorene derivatives, 2,7-bis(4-(phenylthio)styryl)-9,9-didecyl-9H-fluorene (1) and ...2,7-bis(4-(phenylsulfonyl)styryl)-9,9-didecyl-9H-fiuorene (2), have been investigated. The relatively strong solvatochromic behavior of symmetrical compounds 1 and 2 can be explained by the phenomenon of symmetry breaking in the electronic distribution of the first excited state. The 2PA spectra of 1 and 2 were obtained over a broad spectral range (480-880 nm) by two-photon-induced fluorescence and open aperture Z-scan methods, in which excited state absorption and stimulated emission processes were considered in the fitting procedure. Maximum values of 2PA cross-sections 61300-1900 GM were obtained for 1 and 2 in the two-photon-allowed absorption bands at 6660 nm. Efficient lasing of 1 and 2 was demonstrated in a nondispersive flat resonator with picosecond transverse pumping at 355 nm. Lasing efficiencies were 625-30% in this resonator, and independent of solvent.
Investigation of fossil charged-particle tracks in various mineral phases of extraterrestrial samples is a powerful method for research the early stages of the solar system. Examination of fossil ...charged-particle tracks in the phosphate and olivine crystals of 5 pallasites coupled with U content determination allowed the estimation of the contributions of all possible track sources to the total track density and calculation of a value of model fission-track age.
Phosphate crystals from all studied pallasites were established to contain fossil tracks due to galactic cosmic rays (VH, VVH nuclei); induced fission of U and Th by cosmic rays; spontaneous fission of
238
U
; spontaneous fission of extinct short-lived
244
Pu
nuclei presented in significant quantities in the early solar system. The discovery of a high track density attributed to the extinct
244
Pu
pointed obviously to the high value of the fission-track age. Model fission-track ages of
(4.37±0.02)
Gyr
for the Marjalahti pallasite;
(4.37±0.01)
Gyr
for the Omolon pallasite;
(4.19±0.02)
Gyr
for the Bragin pallasite;
(4.18±0.03)
Gyr
for the Krasnoyarsk pallasite;
(4.21±0.02)
Gyr
for the Brenham pallasite were calculated. The comparison of represented data with petrographic analyses allowed us to interpret a value of fission-track age as the time of the last intensive shock/thermal event in the cosmic history of a pallasite.
The article is devoted for determination of constituents of fire defeat of opponent by the method of construction "tree of aims" recognition, both constituents of process and connections between ...them, that enabled to carry out dividing of process by the making with the observance of requirement answering the purpose of research and purpose of process, to equivalentness of constituents on relative payment in a having a special purpose effect, and also accordances of principle integrity.
A detailed experimental investigation and quantum-chemical analysis of symmetric cyanines of different conjugation lengths have been performed with the goal of understanding the nature of the ...electronic transitions in molecules that possess a long chromophore. The nature of electronic transitions in cyanines with a relatively short chromophore (inside the cyanine limit) has already been investigated and many properties of these molecules are well understood. However, little is known about the nature of the transitions beyond the cyanine limit. Their unusual properties, which were proposed by Tolbert and Zhao to be connected with symmetry breaking, still remain unexplored. The analysis of the spectral data in various solvents and results of femtosecond pump–probe saturable absorption measurements enable us to conclude that an increase in the length of the chain leads to a symmetry breaking and the appearance of two forms with symmetrical and asymmetrical distributions of the charge density in the ground state. For thiacarbocyanines, symmetry breaking is predicted and observed for a pentacarbocyanine dye. Quantum-chemical calculations provide additional proof of this hypothesis. The excited-state absorption properties of a pentacarbocyanine in the visible region are also reported. For the first time we have observed an excited-state cross-section that is larger (≈3×) than the ground state cross-section at the peak spectral position.
We report on the detection of rapid variability in subsecond mode in the Balmer lines of hydrogen, lines Ca II H,K, and b Mg I triplet in chromospherically active stars 61 Cyg A, B. The spectral ...observations of 61 Cyg A, B were performed with MMCS spectrograph in Cassegrain’s focus of the 2-m telescope at peak Terskol (
R
= 13000), with a grating spectrograph mounted on a 60-cm telescope at peak Terskol (
R
≈ 100), and a 60-cm telescope of the Andrushivka Observatory (
R
≈ 200). The observations were carried out in the framework of international campaign of observations of variable stars using the Synchronous Network of Telescopes. The high-resolution spectra were obtained with intervals of approximately 2 minutes. The low-resolution spectra were obtained with intervals from 2 to 3 seconds. Spectral monitoring lasted from 30 minutes to 2 hours. We found that chromospherically active dwarf stars 61 Cyg A, B, having extensional spots on their surfaces exhibit rapid variations in the hydrogen lines, lines CaII H, K of ionized calcium and chromospheric triplet b Mg I on a time scale from approximately 2 seconds to approximately 2 minutes. Variations in the intensity of lines range from 1.5% in the Balmer series of hydrogen to approximately 0.5% in the lines of b Mg I triplet. These variations are well described by the shot noise model in the form of random elementary pulses with the frequency of occurrence of a few fractions of events per second to a few events per second. Comparison of rapid variations in chromospheric lines with different time intervals demonstrates the transient nature of this activity both on short (subsecond) and long-time scales.
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