The term "Yellow" is a synonym for strikebreaker in many European societies (gelbe, amarillo, giallo, etc.). In pre-1914 Europe, which remained dominated by monarchies, only in republican France this ...term was explicitly used by a nationalist armed group of strikebreakers, namely, the Yellow movement. In 1899-1901, the French and industrial society experienced an unprecedented wave of massive strikes. Historians saw this popular mobilisation as a prefiguration of the "great labour unrest", which subsequently affected the United Kingdom, between 1911 and 1914. The mobilisation of French workers and republican citizens in this fin de siècle took place in the industrial stronghold of France, along the German border. As a reaction, powerful industrialists created the first "Yellow" organisations. They explicitly conceived them as their "social movement". At the turn of the century, these strikebreakers were officially recognised by octroy. This differentiated the Yellow movement (with a capital "Y") from the many informal yellow organisations which emerged concomitantly, with the same antidemocratic purpose. This article provides an original analysis of the case of the Yellow movement. It explains how this Paris-based organisation developed by practicing political violence through strikebreaking, and why its transnational development was so important.
Maintaining long-term euglycemia after intraportal islet transplantation is hampered by the considerable islet loss in the peri-transplant period attributed to inflammation, ischemia and poor ...angiogenesis. Here, we show that viable and functional islet organoids can be successfully generated from dissociated islet cells (ICs) and human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs). Incorporation of hAECs into islet organoids markedly enhances engraftment, viability and graft function in a mouse type 1 diabetes model. Our results demonstrate that the integration of hAECs into islet cell organoids has great potential in the development of cell-based therapies for type 1 diabetes. Engineering of functional mini-organs using this strategy will allow the exploration of more favorable implantation sites, and can be expanded to unlimited (stem-cell-derived or xenogeneic) sources of insulin-producing cells.
Introduction Cet ouvrage de près de 400 pages sur «les anciens combattants franquistes» de 1936 à 1965 est paru aux Presses Universitaires de Saragosse en 2014. Le titre semble d'entrée évocateur, en ...même temps qu’équivoque, pour traiter de ces troupes d'agression qui écrasèrent la République, avec l’appui militaire décisif des puissances de l’Axe, en soumettant les classes populaires et en plongeant l’Espagne sous la chape de plomb d’une dictature. L’ouvrage est intéressant et instructif, no...
« La rubrique “Thèses, mémoires et habilitations” est peu fournie, malgré le dynamisme des jeunes chercheurs » déplorait récemment l’éditorial du numéro 16 des Cahiers de Civilisation Espagnole ...Contemporaine. Ce dossier arrive donc à point. Plusieurs Docteurs en Histoire et Civilisation de l’Institut Universitaire Européen de Florence (iue) y présentent leurs thèses récemment défendues (entre 2011 et 2016). Ils sont espagnols, italiens, anglais et français. Cet article introductif explique po...
The fashionable concept of « European Civil War » seeks to grasp the violent phenomena of socio-political radicalisations and polarisations which have been typical of the inter war period. Yet that ...said, those realities do not correspond to a civil war (which would imply well-defined front lines), nor are they only concerned with the interwar European context (precisely circumscribed between two World Wars, which determined the place of Europe in a world largely unified by and for it for half a Millennium). Thus, this article proposes a reflection on the capacity for articulation of the chronological and geographical scales of analysis within the concept of « European civil war ». First, we present an outline of historicisation of said concept in the current historiographical field, judged in terms of the « short XXth century », which had been so deeply and durably marked by the interwar context. Second, we insist on the still massive predominance of rural worlds in interwar Europe, and, thus, on their crucial importance as an explanative factor of the « European civil war ». This is all the more important since a relative and paradoxical historiographical silence surround said rural worlds. We conclude by comparing the concepts of « European civil war » (E. Nolte) and the « age of extremes » (E. Hobsbawm) by dealing with their explanative potentialities in terms of articulation of the geographical and chronological scales of analysis.
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