Introduction: Intracranial hemorrhages (ICH) are at high risk for long-term morbidity and morbidity in terms of complications such as epilepsy. In our study, we aimed to determine the effect of ...epileptic seizure seen after ICH on early mortality and to provide information to the literature.
Methods: My study was done retrospectively. A total of 238 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of ICH who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. In the classification of the seizure as early and late; early seizure up to the 14th day after bleeding; Seizures observed on the 14th day and above were classified as late seizures.
Results: In the demographic data There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of age. Seizure + 57.7% of cases were male; seizure – 52.7% of the cases were male and the groups were not different in terms of gender. When the effect of seizure type on 30-day mortality was examined, it was observed that mortality was significantly higher in cases with late seizures.
Conclusions: We determined that the epileptic seizure seen after ICH has an effect on mortality. Therefore, it is necessary to be careful in terms of mortality in cases with seizures. Especially in cases with late seizures, mortality is higher than in cases with early seizures, so it is necessary to be careful in terms of mortality in cases with late seizures. In addition, we found that the use of antiepileptic drugs did not affect mortality.
Giriş: İntrakraniyal kanamalar (İKK) akut fazda genellikle hematomun ve çevreleyen ödemin nöronal iletim üzerindeki yıkıcı etkisini gösteren epilepsi gibi komplikasyonlar açısından uzun dönem morbidite ve morbidite için yüksek risk altında kalmaktadır. Epileptik nöbet, İKK sonrasında akut ve uzun dönemde sık görülen durumlardan biridir. Çalışmamızda, İKK sonrasında görülen epileptik nöbetin erken dönem mortalite üzerine etkisini tespit edip literatüre bilgi sağlamayı amaçladık.
Methods: Çalışmamı retrospektif olarak yapıldı. Çalışmaya dahil edilme kriterlerini karşılayan 238 kesinleşmiş İKK tanılı hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. Nöbetin erken dönem ve geç dönem olarak sınıflandırmasında; kanama sonrası 14. güne kadar erken nöbet; 14. gün ve üzeri süreçte görülen nöbet ise geç dönem nöbet olarak sınıflandırıldı.
Results: Olguların demografik verilerinde; nöbet + olanlarda yaş ortanca değeri 69,0 yıl; nöbet – olgularda yaş ortanca değeri 69,0 ve tüm olgularda ise yaş ortanca değeri 69 yıl olup; gruplar arasında yaş açısından anlamlı fark tespit edilmedi. Nöbet + olguların %57,7’si erkek; nöbet – olguların %52,7’si erkek olup cinsiyet açısından da gruplar farklı değildi. Nöbet tipinin 30 günlük mortalite üzerine etkisi incelendiğinde ise geç dönem nöbet geçiren olgularda mortalitenin anlamlı olarak yüksek olduğu görüldü
Conclusions: İKK sonrasında görülen epileptik nöbetin mortalite üzerine etkisinin olduğunu tespit ettik. Bu nedenle nöbet geçiren olgularda mortalite açısından dikkatli olmak gerekmektedir. Özellikle geç dönem nöbet görülen olgularda mortalite erken dönem nöbet geçiren olgulara göre daha fazla olduğundan geç dönem nöbet görülen olgularda mortalite açısından dikkatli olmak gerekmektedir. Ayrıca antiepileptik ilaç kullanımının mortalite üzerine etki etmediğini tespit ettik. Daha kapsamlı çalışmalar yapılması ile bu konuda daha net bilgilerin elde edileceğini düşünmekteyiz.
Background
Raftlin is a large, major lipid raft protein of cell membranes. Raftlin levels have not been previously examined in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Our study aimed to evaluate ...the changes in raftlin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) values from the preoperative state to the third month postoperatively in patients undergoing expansion sphincter pharyngoplasty for OSA.
Methods
Of 60 patients, 10 patients had mild OSA (AHI 5–14), 10 moderate (AHI 15–29), 10 severe (AHI ≥ 30), and 30 with AHI < 5 formed a control group. Preoperatively and at 3 months post-operatively, IL-6, IL-8, TNFα, and raftlin values were measured.
Results
Preoperatively, mean raftlin levels were 914.4 ± 62.7 pg/mL for controls, 910.0 ± 42.5 pg/mL in mild, 1000.5 ± 63.3 pg/mL in moderate, and 1386.3 ± 101.4 pg/mL in severe groups, with moderate and severe groups significantly elevated compared to controls (
p
< 0.001). Preoperatively to 3 months post-operatively, raftlin levels decreased significantly in each OSA group (
p
< 0.05). Levels of IL-6, IL-8 and TNFα followed similar patterns at baseline and after surgical intervention.
Conclusions
Raftlin levels at the third postoperative month decreased significantly compared with preoperative levels in parallel with other markers of inflammation.
Negative symptoms, including avolition, anhedonia, asociality, blunted affect and alogia are associated with poor long-term outcome and functioning. However, treatment options for negative symptoms ...are limited and neurobiological mechanisms underlying negative symptoms in schizophrenia are still poorly understood. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired from 64 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and 35 controls. Global and regional network properties and rich club organization were investigated using graph analytical methods. We found that the schizophrenia group had higher modularity, clustering coefficient and characteristic path length, and lower rich connections compared to controls, suggesting highly connected nodes within modules but less integrated with nodes in other modules in schizophrenia. We also found a lower nodal degree in the left thalamus and left putamen in schizophrenia relative to the control group. Importantly, higher modularity was associated with greater negative symptoms but not with cognitive deficits in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia suggesting an alteration in modularity might be specific to overall negative symptoms. The nodal degree of the left thalamus was associated with both negative and cognitive symptoms. Our findings are important for improving our understanding of abnormal white-matter network topology underlying negative symptoms in schizophrenia.
This paper reports the synthesis of silica capped surfactant (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide; CTAB) and dye (Rose Bengal; RB) containing mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs). Capping the pores of ...the surfactant containing MSNs with a thin silica layer decreased the immediate surfactant originated cytotoxicity of these particles without affecting their long term (3 days) cytotoxicity. Also, the silica capping process almost completely prevented the hemolytic activity of the surfactant containing MSNs. In addition, improved uptake of silica capped MSNs compared to the uncapped particles by cancer cells was demonstrated. The delayed cytotoxicity, low hemolytic activity, and better cellular uptake of the silica capped MSNs make them promising for the development of safe (
i.e.
with fewer side effects) yet efficient theranostic agents. These nanocarriers may release the loaded cytotoxic molecules (CTAB) mostly after being accumulated in the tumor site and cause so minimal damage to the normal tissues and blood components. In addition, the nanoscale confinement of RB molecules inside the pores of MSNs makes the particles brightly fluorescent. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that due to the singlet oxygen generation capability of the RB dye the silica capped MSNs can be also used for photodynamic therapy of cancer.
Display omitted
•Structural defects in cable terminals increase electric field distribution significantly.•The rising electric field increases the possibility of partial discharge ...occurring.•Structural defects in cable terminals reduce cable life expectancy and reliability.•Improperly installed cable terminals reduce the reliability of the electrical distribution system.•It is necessary to consider the proper treatment on the outer semiconductor layer.
Cable terminals are used for the connection of high voltage underground cables to busbars and transmission lines. Various defects may occur in cable terminals used as Heat-Shrink or Cold-Shrink. As a result of these defects, fires and long-term power outages may occur due to the breakdown of the cable terminal depending on partial discharge. Consequently, human life losses and economic losses are inevitable. In this study, a heat-shrink cable terminal with 36 kV phase-to-phase operating voltage randomly failed while measuring power quality parameters in the field is examined. In this context, it is aimed to examine the root causes of the failure in the field with the finite element method according to different design and structural defect situations. For this purpose, the cable terminal was modeled in real scale in Ansys Electronics Suite finite element software in line with the data received from the manufacturer. According to the analysis results, especially in case of peeling the entire outer semiconductor layer on the XLPE and partial peeling of the outer semiconductor layer on XLPE increases electric field significantly compared to the reference design. In addition, the thickness and relative permittivity changes of the critical elements used in the cable terminal affect the electric field distribution. According to the results of the analysis performed, the defect situations that could be the root cause of the failure was determined. Also, the effect of other defective situations was understood and reliability analysis was made.
To evaluate the neuroprotective effects of Rilmenidine on diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in a rat model of diabetes induced by streptozotocin (STZ).
STZ (60 mg/kg) was administered to adult ...Sprague-Dawley rats to induce diabetes. On the 30th day after STZ administration, electromyography (EMG) and motor function tests confirmed the presence of DPN. Group 1: Control (n = 10), Group 2: DM + 0.1 mg/kg Rilmenidine (n = 10), and Group 3: DM + 0.2 mg/kg Rilmenidine (n = 10) were administered via oral lavage for four weeks. EMG, motor function test, biochemical analysis, and histological and immunohistochemical analysis of sciatic nerves were then performed.
The administration of Rilmenidine to diabetic rats substantially reduced sciatic nerve inflammation and fibrosis and prevented electrophysiological alterations. Immunohistochemistry of sciatic nerves from saline-treated rats revealed increased perineural thickness, HMGB-1, tumor necrosis factor-α, and a decrease in nerve growth factor (NGF), LC-3. In contrast, Rilmendine significantly inhibited inflammation markers and prevented the reduction in NGF expression. In addition, Rilmenidine significantly decreased malondialdehyde and increased diabetic rats' total antioxidative capacity.
The findings of this study suggest that Rilmenidine may have therapeutic effects on DNP by modulating antioxidant and autophagic pathways.
Peripheral nerve damage is a significant clinical problem with limited therapeutic options. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic approach due to ...their regenerative potential. However, the underlying mechanisms by which ADSCs promote peripheral nerve regeneration remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of syndecan-1 and heat shock protein 70 (HSP-70) in mediating the regenerative effects of ADSCs on peripheral nerves. ADSCs were characterized and isolated from the adipose tissue of rats. In vitro experiments were conducted to evaluate the ability of ADSCs to secrete syndecan-1 and HSP-70 in response to stress conditions. To evaluate the therapeutic potential of ADSCs, rats with sciatic nerve injuries were treated with ADSCs and assessed for functional recovery, nerve regeneration, and changes in syndecan-1 and HSP-70 levels. Regeneration was evaluated with Electromyography (EMG) histology. The results showed that ADSCs could secrete syndecan-1 and HSP-70 in response to stress conditions. Furthermore, ADSC treatment significantly improved functional recovery and nerve regeneration and increased syndecan-1 and HSP-70 levels in the injured nerve. On the other hand, ADSCs make improvements histologically through the influence of Nerve growth factor (NGF), Malondialdehyde (MDA), and EMG.
Theory of mind skills are disrupted in schizophrenia. However, various theory of mind tasks measure different neurocognitive domains. This multimodal neuroimaging study aimed to investigate the ...neuroanatomical correlates of mental state decoding and reasoning components of theory of mind in schizophrenia and healthy controls (HCs) using T1-weighted and diffusion-weighted (DTI) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Sixty-two patients with schizophrenia and 34 HCs were included. The Reading the Mind in the Eyes (RMET) and Hinting tests were used to evaluate mental state decoding and reasoning, respectively. Correlations between social cognition and cortical parameters (thickness, volume, surface area), or DTI scalars (fractional anisotropy, axial diffusivity, radial diffusivity) were cluster-based corrected for multiple comparisons. In schizophrenia, RMET scores showed positive correlations in 3 clusters, including left insula thickness, right superior-temporal thickness, left superior-temporal-sulcus volume, and DTI analysis revealed that fractional anisotropy showed positive correlations in 3 clusters, including right inferior-fronto-occipital fasciculus, left forceps-major, left inferior-fronto-occipital fasciculus. In schizophrenia, Hinting test scores showed positive correlations in 3 clusters in T1-weighted MRI, including left superior-temporal-sulcus volume, left superior-temporal-sulcus surface area, left pars-orbitalis volume. In conclusion, this study provided evidence for the involvement of particular cortical regions and white matter tracts in mental state decoding and reasoning.
The aim of this study was to take ultrasonographic measurements of the length of the ligamentum flavum (LF), the LF–skin distance and the interspinous distance, which are critical for the application ...of neuraxial anaesthesia, with volunteers in the sitting position and with lateral tilt of the operating table at different angles to evaluate whether the target structures in neuraxial anaesthesia can be better visualised with the lateral tilt position and to determine whether or not these measurements change at different angles. The study included 29 volunteers. For the measurements, the operation table was first set into the neutral position and the length of the LF, the skin–LF distance and the interlaminar distance were measured at between L1–S1 spaces with a paramedian oblique sagittal approach with a linear ultrasound probe. Then the table was moved into 5°, 10° and 15° lateral tilt positions and the LF, LF–skin distance and the interlaminar distance were measured at the L1–S1 interspaces and recorded. At L2–3, L3–4, L4–5 and L5–S1 intervertebral interspaces, as the lateral tilt angle increased, so the measured LF length and interlaminar distance was determined to increase, this increase was statistically significant. In the ultrasonographic measurements of the skin–LF distance, at L3–4 and L4–5 intervertebral interspaces, there was a statistically significant increase. With lateral tilt applied to the table, there was determined to be an increase in ultrasonographic measurements of the LF length in the lumbar intervertebral interspaces. Therefore, for neuraxial blocks applied in the sitting position, the procedure may be facilitated with lateral tilt of the operating table.
PDF
