This paper is focused on the problem of QoS multicast routing. First, protocols that have been developed to support real-time multimedia delivery and quality-of-service (QoS) for multicast ...applications are presented. Then their performance is analyzed and compared by means of simulation. QoS routing is considered with the special goal of providing a time-alignment of multiple users, needed in many interactive multimedia services, taking into account the necessity of supporting them through efficient connections.
Indeno1,2-bpyrazin-2,3-diones have been identified as a novel series of potent ligands on the glycine site of the NMDA receptor. To improve their in vivo activities, an acetic acid-type side chain ...was introduced to the 5-position, giving water-soluble compounds when formulated as the sodium salt (>10 mg/mL). Introduction of a chlorine atom in the 8-position led to a dramatic improvement of anticonvulsant activity and this was surprising since this change did not improve binding affinity. A plausible explanation is a reduced recognition by a Na+,K+-ATPase active transport system responsible for the excretion of these compounds from the brain and kidney. This promising new chemical series led to the optically active isomer (−)-10i (RPR 118723), a glycine/NMDA antagonist with nanomolar binding affinity and in vivo activity in animal model of convulsions and electrophysiology at doses in the range of 2−3 mg/kg following iv administration.
This paper describes two new approaches that are capable of ensuring delivery guarantees to multicast sessions on IP-based networks, according to the diff-serv model. We present the CDSAMA and DVMA2 ...quality-of-service (QoS)-sensitive multicast routing algorithms that may be used to implement a centralized bandwidth broker and support multiple QoS constraints, namely, bandwidth, delay and fair delay. We describe an end-to-end call admission multicast protocol that operates as a distributed bandwidth broker and adopts an approach which is simple, scalable, operates on a per-call basis and supports the group membership dynamics. We discuss some performance evaluations obtained by implementing the proposed solutions in a simulation environment.
A novel series of 2-substituted-4,5-dihydro-4-oxo-4H-imidazo1,2-aindeno1,2-epyrazine derivatives was synthesised. One of them, 4e-a highly water soluble compound exhibited a nanomolar affinity and ...demonstrated competitive antagonist properties at the ionotropic AMPA receptors. This compound also displayed potent anticonvulsant properties against electrically or sound-induced convulsions in mice after systemic administration, thus suggesting adequate brain penetration.
Original spiro-imidazo1,2-aindeno1,2-epyrazine-4-one derivatives were synthesised and led to the identification of
3e which showed good affinities for both the AMPA and the NMDA glycine-site ...receptors, and displayed good anticonvulsant effects after i.p. and i.v. administrations in the electroshock-induced convulsion assay in mice. The corresponding dextrorotatory isomer
(+)-3d was notably more potent than the levorotatory isomer
(−)-3e in
in vitro and
in vivo assays.
A new series of spiro-imidazo1,2-aindeno1,2-epyrazine-4-one derivatives
1 was synthesised and shown to be active
in vitro as mixed AMPA and NMDA glycine site antagonists with potent anticonvulsant effect
in vivo.
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The over-stimulation of excitatory amino acid receptors such as the glutamate AMPA receptor has been suggested to be associated with neurodegenerative disorders. Here we describe an original series ...of readily water soluble 4-oxo-imidazo1,2-
aindeno1,2-
epyrazin-8- and -9-carboxylic (acetic) acid derivatives. One of these compounds,
4f, exhibited nanomolar binding affinity, potent competitive antagonism at the ionotropic AMPA receptor and a long duration of anticonvulsant activity after administration by parenteral route in vivo.
![Indeno[1,2-b]pyrazin-2,3-di...](http://api.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/image/issn/XR4PS5YY4K/0022-2623/small "Indeno[1,2-b]pyrazin-2,3-diones: A New Class of Antagonists at the Glycine Site of the NMDA Receptor with Potent in Vivo Activity")
