What really drives corporate social responsibility? Stojanovic-Aleksic, Vesna; Boskovic, Aleksandra
Management (Belgrade University, Faculty of Organizational Sciences),
10/2017, Letnik:
22, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) can be motivated either by instrumental, moral or obligatory factors. The paper aims to explore how these motives influence the level of CSR. Specific attention ...is paid to the CSR in state-owned and private companies, since their motives are significantly different. In order to examine these relationships, we applied a set of statistical techniques. The findings indicate that internal CSR is more developed if philanthropic motives are dominant. Also, CSR in general, internal CSR and responsibility to customers, are higher in state-owned companies, compared to the private ones. The contribution of the paper is reflected in the discovery of new insights, which are the basis for future research, but also useful for directing the activities of management in the field of CSR which is one of the key preconditions for sustainable business.
In the digitalization era, traditional organizational success factors have been called into question, so it is necessary to reconsider the established work patterns and find new ways to create ...sustainable value. Given the fact that, as bearers of knowledge, people are the key drivers of value, it is important to explore possible ways to improve their potential. The research study carried out in this paper is aimed showing that autonomy contributes to the development of employee engagement in the digital environment, especially so in remote working conditions. In that sense, the concept of employee engagement was explained, as a state of high vigor, dedication and absorption. Possible ways to improve engagement through increasing autonomy are pointed out as well. The empirical research has confirmed that autonomy has a positive effect on vigor and dedication as the engagement dimensions. The impact autonomy exerts on vigor is stronger in the employees working remotely in comparison with those who do not work remotely.
Purpose
Being mindful of the importance of organizational structure and organizational culture for knowledge management in companies, the purpose of this study is to investigate the organizational ...prerequisites for creating and sharing knowledge. The goals are to determine whether and to what extent the attributes of organic structure contribute to the creation and sharing of knowledge and to show that an organizational culture which supports knowledge stimulates the processes of knowledge creation and sharing.
Design/methodology/approach
The data for the empirical study was obtained through a survey of 150 respondents, employed in 30 companies from several industries, in the Republic of Serbia. The questionnaire was adapted to the needs of the study and was developed based on the theoretical knowledge and findings of several previous studies on processes of knowledge creation and knowledge sharing. A regression method was used to test all hypotheses.
Findings
The results show that both the organic structure and the organizational culture that support knowledge have positive effects on knowledge creation, while knowledge sharing is positively influenced only by the knowledge supporting culture of an organization.
Originality/value
This study contributes to organization studies and knowledge management theory because of the holistic approach taken with regards to the issue involved and the fact that it takes into account a large number of the significant characteristics of organizational structure and culture that are relevant to knowledge management processes. The findings could prove useful to managers when structuring an organization and shaping its culture to enhance knowledge management.
Extrahepatic biliary atresia (EHBA) is the most important cause of neonatal cholestasis. The validity of different diagnostic methods in the diagnosis of EHBA in developed countries has been ...presented elsewhere, but data from developing countries with low national incomes are scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate the relative accuracy and roles of abdominal ultrasonography, duodenal tube test (DTT), and liver biopsy in the diagnosis of EHBA in Serbia.
The study included 156 infants with cholestasis admitted at the Mother and Child Health Care Institute. Data were collected according to the medical records observation technique.
Extrahepatic biliary atresia was diagnosed in 72 of 156 infants with cholestasis. The frequency was insignificantly higher in females than in males (1.25:1). Most patients were diagnosed prior to 60 days of life (median 58, range 30-67). In a group of 156 infants with cholestasis, 109 had ultrasound, liver biopsy, duodenal tube test, and intraoperative cholangiography done. Liver biopsy confirmed surgical disease in 71/109 patients and denied it in 38/109 patients (sensitivity- Sn 98%, specificity- Sp 100%, diagnostic efficiency of test- DgEf 99.08%). Duodenal tube test had Sn 97%, Sp 72%, and DgEf 88.99%, and the ultrasound findings showed Sn 78%, Sp 81%, and DgEf 77.92%. Five-year survival rate after Kasai operation was 76%.
A well-coordinated multidisciplinary approach is required in the assessment of suspected cases of biliary atresia. Histology examination of biopsy specimens is an integral part of the diagnostic algorithm and, therefore, plays a pivotal role in the diagnostic evaluation of this disease.
INTRODUCTIONThe aim of this study was to present our patients with corrosive ingestion retrospectively, to analyze the validity of clinical signs as predictors of outcome, and to emphasize the ...necessity of esophagogastroduodenoscopy.
MATERIALS AND METHODSData were evaluated from the medical records of patients admitted at the Mother and Child Health Care Institute, Serbia over a 10-year period.
RESULTSA total of 176 children, mean age 36.2±18.1 months (range 9 months to 18 years), with corrosive ingestion were evaluated. The ingested substances were alkali in 96 cases (54.5%), acid in 41 (23.3%), and others in 39 cases (22.1%). In all, 116 patients (65.9%) were symptom free on admission. Positive clinical findings were observed in 60 (34.1%) patients. Upper endoscopy was performed in all children within the first 48 h. Ninety-five patients (54%) had normal endoscopic evaluation, 54 (30.6%) had mild lesions, and 27 (15.3%) had severe corrosive injuries. The validity of clinical findings in predicting the severity of esophageal and gastric injury was as followssensitivity – 74 and 75% and specificity – 73 and 68%, retrospectively. Eighteen patients (10.2%) developed esophageal stricture.
CONCLUSIONEndoscopy is a mandatory technique in children with gastroesophageal caustic injuries, and should be performed to prevent unnecessary hospitalization and to plan future treatment. This study emphasizes that clinical signs and symptoms are not predictors of esophageal and gastric injury and that the absence of any clinical findings does not rule out a severe esophageal or gastric injury.
The papers in this special issue highlight the richness of non-telecom applications of optical fibers. Optical fibers have been used for decades as a medium for the delivery of information. Fibers ...transmit light, images, data; with applications in the military, commercial, and scientific fields. However, recent advances in the areas of illumination (light delivery and generation) and imaging using optical fibers has fueled a significant level of research activities in this area. The range of applications can be very broad related encompassing to the medical, sensing, and consumer applications. This Special Issue includes a combination of original and invited papers covering a wide range of topics, including, medical applications of fibers, fiber-based light sources and delivery systems, and imaging.
Starting from the limitations of different single-method approaches to measuring the organizational efficiency, the paper is focused on covering both the financial and non-financial factors of this ...concept by combining two methods, namely the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA).
The main goal of the research in the paper is to show that certain deficiencies in the independent application of each method are eliminated by combining these methods.
The paper combines two methods, BSC and DEA, to measure the relative efficiency of all branches of a bank in Serbia.
Results confirmed that the combined use of the named methods facilitates measurement of organizational efficiency by using both financial and non-financial indicators.
The paper shows that it is possible to achieve synergetic effects in the evaluation of organizational efficiency in the banking sector if BSC is applied first, to define goals within four perspectives, and then four DEA models are developed to measure efficiency in each perspective.
Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a slowly progressive cholestatic liver disease of autoimmune etiology. The initial presentation of PBC is varies from asymptomatic, abnormal liver biochemical tests ...to overt cirrhosis. Unlike other autoimmune liver diseases, PBC has rarely been reported in childhood. We report a case of primary biliary cirrhosis in a 12-year-old girl. In addition to characteristic histology features, strongly positive antimitochondrial antibodies, increased liver enzyme levels, increased serum quantitative immunoglobulin M levels, and cholestasis were discovered. She had been treated with ursodeoxycholic acid. In the world literature, we found only few pediatric patients of primary biliary cirrhosis. Aetiology, pathogenesis, the long-term natural history, and prognosis remain obscure. Due to increased awareness of early-onset PBC, rather than typical older ones, further pediatric cases may be discovered.
Celiac disease is predominantly a disease of the small intestine characterized by chronic malabsorption in genetically susceptible individuals who ingest grains containing gluten, such as wheat, ...barley, and rye. Although previously believed to be uncommon, celiac disease may be present in up to 1% of the adult and children population. Celiac disease is associated frequently with iron-deficiency anemia, dermatitis herpetiformis, selective IgA deficiency, thyroid disorders, diabetes mellitus, and various connective tissue disorders but is rarely associated with cardiomyopathy.
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