Objective
The objective of this work was to investigate the utility of a new in vitro SPF test method in blinded ring‐testing, against new ISO acceptance criteria.
Methods
Twenty four blinded, ...commercial, emulsion‐type, primary sunscreen products, covering the full range of labelled SPF in Europe (SPF6 – 50+), were tested by three test institutes using the current ISO24444:2010 In Vivo SPF Test Method and simultaneously by three separate test laboratories using a new candidate in vitro SPF test method, developed under the leadership of Cosmetics Europe (CE). The resulting relationship between in vitro SPF and in vivo SPF values was then compared with acceptance criteria developed recently by the International Standards (ISO) TC217/WG7 Sun Protection Test Methods Working Group.
Results
Analysis of the mean inter‐laboratory in vitro and mean inter‐institute in vivo SPF values revealed a strong correlation between in vitro and in vivo values, with a Pearson correlation coefficient of r2 = 0.88 (P < 0.0001), a slope of 1.01 and a non‐significant intercept (−1.48; P = 0.62). When these data were compared to the new ISO WG7 acceptance criteria, method bias was found to be extremely low and over 95% of the coupled data lay within the model ‘funnel’ (defined by upper and lower confidence intervals).
Conclusion
In conclusion, the results of blinded ring testing and comparison to new ISO WG7 acceptance criteria indicate that a new in vitro SPF test method meets (and exceeds) these minimum criteria and is an interesting candidate for possible deployment as an industry test methodology.
Résumé
Objectif
L'objectif de ce travail était d’étudier la validité d'une nouvelle méthode de détermination in vitro du SPF grâce à un ring test en aveugle, par rapport à de nouveaux critères d'acceptation provenant de l’ISO.
Méthode
24 produits solaires commerciaux, de type émulsion, couvrant toute la gamme des SPF revendiqués en Europe (SPF6 – 50+), ont été testés en aveugle par 3 instituts de test utilisant la méthode de test SPF in vivo ISO24444:2010 et simultanément par 3 laboratoires de test distincts utilisant une nouvelle méthode in vitro de détermination du SPF, développée sous la direction de Cosmetics Europe (CE). La relation résultante entre les valeurs de SPF in vitro et de SPF in vivo a ensuite été comparée avec les critères d'acceptation développés récemment par le groupe de travail sur les méthodes de test de protection solaire TC217/WG7 de l’ISO (International Standards).
Résultats
L'analyse des valeurs moyennes inter‐laboratoires de SPF in vivo et inter‐instituts in vitro a révélé une forte corrélation entre les valeurs, avec un coefficient de détermination r2 de 0.88 (P < 0.0001), une pente de 1,01 et une interception non significative (−1,48; P = 0.62). Lorsque ces données ont été comparées aux nouveaux critères d'acceptation ISO WG7, le biais de la méthode s'est avéré extrêmement faible et plus de 95% des données se trouvaient dans le modèle «entonnoir» (défini par des intervalles de confiance supérieurs et inférieurs).
Conclusion
En conclusion, les résultats du ring test en aveugle et la comparaison avec les nouveaux critères d'acceptation de l’ISO WG7 indiquent que cette nouvelle méthode d'essai du SPF in vitro répond (et dépasse) ces critères minimaux et quelle est un candidat intéressant pour un déploiement possible comme méthodologie d'essai industrielle.
ISO acceptance criteria ‘funnel’ and mean In Vivo In vitro data
Sunlight induces actinic keratosis, skin cancers and photoaging. Photoprotection is thus a major issue in public health to prevent the harmful effects of solar ultraviolet (UV) radiations. Recent ...data have shown that the visible (VIS) and infrared (IR) radiations can lead to skin damage by oxidative stress, suggesting that a balanced protection across the entire spectrum of sunlight is necessary to prevent cutaneous alterations. In this context, we developed a new generation of sunfilter called Phenylene Bis-Diphenyltriazine or TriAsorB (CAS N°55514-22-2). The aim of the present study was to assess the photoprotective efficacy of TriAsorB from UV to IR light. Spectrophotometric assays were performed to measure absorption and reflectance of TriAsorB in the different spectral ranges of sunlight: UV, VIS including blue light or high energy visible (HEV) and IR. DNA damage was evaluated using reconstructed human epidermis (RHE): 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8OHdG) in response to HEV exposure, pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and (6-4) photoproducts following solar-simulated radiation (SSR). TriAsorB is a broad spectrum UVB + UVA filter including long UVA. Interestingly, it also absorbs VIS radiations, especially in the HEV region. These radiations are also reflected. Protection in the IR spectral range is weak. Furthermore, the sunfilter specifically protects the skin against the oxidative lesions 8OHdG induced by HEV and prevents SSR-induced DNA damage. Thus, TriAsorB is an innovative sunfilter that might be used in sun care products for skin photoprotection from UV to VIS radiations. Finally, it prevents sunlight genotoxicity and protected the skin against solar radiations, especially blue light.
Pompe disease (PD) is caused by a deficiency of lysosomal acid α-glucosidase resulting from mutations in the
GAA
gene. The clinical spectrum ranges from a rapidly fatal multisystemic disorder ...(classic PD, onset < 1 year) to a milder adult onset myopathy. The aims of this study were to characterize the
GAA
mutations, to establish the disease epidemiology, and to identify potential genotype-phenotype correlations in French late-onset PD patients (onset ≥ 2 years) diagnosed since the 1970s. Data were collected from the two main laboratories involved in PD diagnosis and from the French Pompe registry. Two hundred forty-six patients (130 females and 116 males) were included, with a mean age at diagnosis of 43 years. Eighty-three different mutations were identified in the
GAA
gene, among which 28 were novel. These variants were spread all over the sequence and included 42 missense (one affecting start codon), 8 nonsense, 15 frameshift, 14 splice mutations, 3 small in-frame deletions, and one large deletion. The common c.-32-13T>G mutation was detected in 151/170 index cases. Other frequent mutations included the exon 18 deletion, the c.525del, and the missense mutations c.1927G>A (p.Gly643Arg) and c.655G>A (p.Gly219Arg). Patients carrying the c.-32-13T>G mutation had an older mean age at onset than patients non-exhibiting this mutation (36 versus 25 years). Patients with the same genotype had a highly variable age at onset. We estimated the frequency of late-onset PD in France around 1/69,927 newborns. In conclusion, we characterized the French cohort of late-onset PD patients through a nationwide study covering more than 40 years.
This paper proposes a dynamic model of the swim of elongated fish suited to the online control of biomimetic eel-like robots. The approach can be considered as an extension of the original reactive ...ldquolarge elongated body theoryrdquo of Lighthill to the 3-D self-propulsion to which a resistive empirical model has been added. While all the mathematical fundamentals have been detailed by Boyer . (http://www.irccyn.ec-nantes.fr/hebergement/Publications/2007/3721.pdf, 2007), this paper essentially focuses on the numerical validation and calibration of the model and the study of swimming gaits. The proposed model is coupled to an algorithm allowing us to compute the motion of the fish head and the field of internal control torque from the knowledge of the imposed internal strain fields. Based on the Newton-Euler formalism of robot dynamics, this algorithm works faster than real time. As far as precision is concerned, many tests obtained with several planar and 3-D gaits are reported and compared (in the planar case) with a Navier-Stokes solver, which, until today have been devoted to the planar swim. The comparisons obtained are very encouraging since in all the cases we tested, the differences between our simplified and reference simulations do not exceed 10%.
Evaluation of peripheral blood and bone marrow for an indication of persistent eosinophilia can be a challenging task because there are many causes of eosinophilia and the morphologic differences ...between reactive and neoplastic causes are often subtle or lack specificity. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the differential diagnosis for eosinophilia, to recommend specific steps for the pathologist evaluating blood and bone marrow, and to emphasize 2 important causes of eosinophilia that require specific ancillary tests for diagnosis: myeloproliferative neoplasm with PDGFRA rearrangement and lymphocyte-variant hypereosinophilic syndrome.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
Abstract Objective To assess executive function in children with developmental dyspraxia. Patients and method Inclusion criteria: children aged 8 years to 12 years 5 months at the time of the study, ...diagnosed with developmental dyspraxia between January, 2008 and August, 2009 by a multidisciplinary team in one single center. Assessment tools (1) Paper-and-pencil neuropsychological and ecological tests to assess flexibility, planning, inhibition and prospective memory; (2) two questionnaires answered by parents; (3) the ‘Children's Cooking Task’ (CCT), an ecological task performed in a real environment (Chevignard et al., 2009 15 ). In this last test, children were compared to matched controls. Non-parametric statistical tests were used. Results Thirteen patients participated in the study (11 boys–2 girls; mean age 10.3 years SD = 1.3). Neuropsychological tests highlighted planning and inhibition disorders, but no impaired flexibility. For more than half of the children, the questionnaires indicated impaired executive functions in daily life tasks. Finally, patients showed a significantly increased rate of errors during the CCT, compared with the control group ( P < 0.001). Conclusion Overall results suggest that some children diagnosed with developmental dyspraxia also exhibit executive function disorders. Ecological tests seem more sensitive for identifying executive function disorders than conventional tests.
Post-polio syndrome and rehabilitation Tiffreau, V; Rapin, A; Serafi, R ...
Annals of physical and rehabilitation medicine
53, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Abstract Post-polio syndrome (PPS) is the commonly affected term to describe the symptoms that may develop many years after acute paralytic poliomyelitis. The etiology of PPS is still unclear. An ...overuse of enlarged motor units is suspected causing denervation again due to distal degeneration of axons. Metabolic and functional changes has been described in muscle fibers of partially denervated muscles. Nevertheless, submaximal aerobic training and low intensity muscular strengthening have shown positive effects on muscular strength and cardiorespiratory system in patients affected by PPS. Aquatic therapy has a positive impact on pain and muscle function. In patients with severe fatigue, it is recommended to adapt the daily exercise routine to their specific case.
A 42-year-old gentleman with a history of a left orbital floor fracture four years prior presented to the emergency department following a motor vehicle collision. He was without subjective eye ...concerns, although a physical examination revealed a superior temporal subconjunctival mass with crepitus of the left eye. Visual acuity was 20/20 bilaterally, pupils were reactive without a relative afferent pupillary defect, and extraocular movement was fully intact. A computed tomography scan of the face revealed left-sided subconjunctival, subcutaneous, and orbital emphysema determined to be associated with a previous orbital floor fracture. With no other medical concerns requiring immediate treatment, the patient was offered outpatient repair of the old orbital floor fracture.
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