Summary
Ocean viruses alter ecosystems through host mortality, horizontal gene transfer and by facilitating remineralization of limiting nutrients. However, the study of wild viral populations is ...limited by inefficient and unreliable concentration techniques. Here, we develop a new technique to recover viruses from natural waters using iron‐based flocculation and large‐pore‐size filtration, followed by resuspension of virus‐containing precipitates in a pH 6 buffer. Recovered viruses are amenable to gene sequencing, and a variable proportion of phages, depending upon the phage, retain their infectivity when recovered. This Fe‐based virus flocculation, filtration and resuspension method (FFR) is efficient (> 90% recovery), reliable, inexpensive and adaptable to many aspects of marine viral ecology and genomics research.
This study examined associations between teacher-student relationship quality at school and teachers' responsiveness to students' emotional concerns in a classroom and (a) students' intention to seek ...help at school for mental health concerns and (b) mental health-related service use. Data for analyses came from the School Mental Health Survey, a cross-sectional survey of 31,120 grade 6–12 students, in 1968 classrooms, attending 248 schools in Ontario, Canada. Three-level (student, classroom, school) binary logistic regression was used to address the study objectives. Student ratings of the quality of teacher-student relationships and teachers' responsiveness were included as predictors, both at the individual student level and aggregated to represent a contextual level characteristic at the school and classroom level, respectively. At the student level, both teacher-student relationship quality and teacher responsiveness were positively associated with intentions to seek help at school among both elementary and secondary students (ORs ranged from 1.14–1.19 for relationships and 1.06–1.08 for responsiveness). Aggregated to the school level, teacher-student relationship quality was positively associated with mental health service use for secondary students (OR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.10, 1.69). Positive and responsive teacher-student relationships were associated with help-seeking behaviors among students. Longitudinal studies are warranted to disentangle the temporality of these associations.
A new paramagnetic ligand, betaDTDA, and its coordination complex with Fe(hfac)
2
are reported (betaDTDA = 4-(benzothiazol-2′-yl)-1,2,3,5-dithiadiazolyl; hfac = ...1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoroacetylacetonato-). The neutral radical betaDTDA is the first dithiadiazolyl ligand designed to include an electropositive sulphur moiety outside the thiazyl heterocycle, increasing the capacity for supramolecular, structure-directing electrostatic contacts and enabling new pathways for magnetic exchange. The Fe(hfac)
2
(betaDTDA) complex is composed of a
hs
-Fe(
ii
) center with the three bidentate ligands arranged about the ion in a distorted octahedral 6-coordinate environment. The magnetic properties of crystalline Fe(hfac)
2
(betaDTDA) are consistent with strong antiferromagnetic (AF) coupling between the metal and ligand moments, giving rise to a well-defined
S
total
= 3/2 ground state that is the only thermally populated state below 40 K. Below 4 K, this complex exhibits slow relaxation of the magnetization detected by ac susceptibility measurements consistent with a single-molecule magnet (SMM) behaviour.
A mononuclear 6-coordinate
hs
-Fe(
ii
)-radical complex exhibits single-molecule magnet behaviour.
Seasonal shifts in community-level agricultural production and their impact on the severity of the annual hunger season and household coping behaviors are important themes in climate change-health ...research. The relationship between seasonal variability, childbearing, and reproductive health, however, is less well understood. In this research, we combine detailed, spatially referenced Performance Monitoring for Action (PMA) data collected for Burkina Faso in 2017 and 2018 and a community-specific measure of seasonal agricultural quality to assess the relationship between seasonal agricultural variation and individual-level fertility and two dimensions of reproductive health: contraceptive use and pregnancy. We also incorporate data related to the family planning service environment. Results from cross-sectional regression models indicate that a better than average agricultural season might increase contraceptive use among all women, and analyses of monthly behaviors during and just after the growing season suggest that better than average growing season conditions might actually reduce contraceptive use among women who have no children or who are in their prime childbearing years. The results therefore indicate that women who are building their families might be less likely to use contraception and are perhaps more interested in timing births to occur following better than average growing seasons.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
In addition to satisfying the metabolic demands of cells, mitochondrial metabolism helps regulate immune cell function. To date, such cell-intrinsic metabolic-immunologic cross-talk has only been ...described operating in cells of the immune system. Here we show that epidermal cells utilize fatty acid β-oxidation to fuel their contribution to the immune response during cutaneous inflammation. By live imaging metabolic and immunological processes within intact zebrafish embryos during cutaneous inflammation, we uncover a mechanism where elevated β-oxidation-fuelled mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species within epidermal cells helps guide matrix metalloproteinase-driven leukocyte recruitment. This mechanism requires the activity of a zebrafish homologue of the mammalian mitochondrial enzyme, Immunoresponsive gene 1. This study describes the first example of metabolic reprogramming operating within a non-immune cell type to help control its contribution to the immune response. Targeting of this metabolic-immunologic interface within keratinocytes may prove useful in treating inflammatory dermatoses.
Nanoscale metal-organic frameworks (NMOFs) of the UiO-66 structure containing high Zr (37 wt%) and Hf (57 wt%) content were synthesized and characterized, and their potential as contrast agents for ...X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging was evaluated. Hf-NMOFs of different sizes were coated with silica and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to enhance biocompatibility, and were used for in vivo CT imaging of mice, showing increased attenuation in the liver and spleen.
Delayed fetal growth and adverse birth outcomes are some of the greatest public health threats to this generation of children worldwide because these conditions are major determinants of mortality, ...morbidity, and disability in infancy and childhood and are also associated with diseases in adult life. A number of studies have investigated the impacts of a range of environmental conditions during pregnancy (including air pollution, endocrine disruptors, persistent organic pollutants, heavy metals) on fetal and child development. The results, while provocative, have been largely inconsistent. This review summarizes up to date epidemiologic studies linking major environmental pollutants to fetal and child development and suggested future directions for further investigation.
Objectives:
To present the 6-month prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of mental disorders and mental health–related service contacts in a sample of children (4 to 11 years) and youth (12 to ...17 years) in Ontario.
Methods:
The 2014 Ontario Child Health Study is a provincially representative survey of 6537 families with children aged 4 to 17 years in Ontario. DSM-IV-TR mental disorders were assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents (MINI-KID) and included mood (major depressive episode), anxiety (generalized anxiety, separation anxiety, social phobia, specific phobia), and behaviour disorders (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional-defiant disorder, conduct disorder).The MINI-KID was administered independently to the primary caregiver and youth aged 12 to 17 years in the family’s home.
Results:
Past 6-month prevalence of any mental disorder ranged from 18.2% to 21.8% depending on age and informant. Behaviour disorders were the most common among children, and anxiety disorders were the most common among youth. Among children and youth with a parent-identified mental disorder, 25.6% of children and 33.7% of youth had contact with a mental health provider. However, 60% had contact with one or more of the providers or service settings assessed, most often through schools.
Conclusions:
Between 18% and 22% of children and youth in Ontario met criteria for a mental disorder but less than one-third had contact with a mental health provider. These findings provide support for strengthening prevention and early intervention efforts and enhancing service capacity to meet the mental health needs of children and youth in Ontario.
Background
A better understanding of factors contributing to the observed variability in estimates of test–retest reliability in published studies on standardized diagnostic interviews (SDI) is ...needed. The objectives of this systematic review and meta‐analysis were to estimate the pooled test–retest reliability for parent and youth assessments of seven common disorders, and to examine sources of between‐study heterogeneity in reliability.
Methods
Following a systematic review of the literature, multilevel random effects meta‐analyses were used to analyse 202 reliability estimates (Cohen's kappa = ҡ) from 31 eligible studies and 5,369 assessments of 3,344 children and youth.
Results
Pooled reliability was moderate at ҡ = .58 (CI 95% 0.53–0.63) and between‐study heterogeneity was substantial (Q = 2,063 (df = 201), p < .001 and I2 = 79%). In subgroup analysis, reliability varied across informants for specific types of psychiatric disorder (ҡ = .53–.69 for parent vs. ҡ = .39–.68 for youth) with estimates significantly higher for parents on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder and the broad groupings of externalizing and any disorder. Reliability was also significantly higher in studies with indicators of poor or fair study methodology quality (sample size <50, retest interval <7 days).
Conclusions
Our findings raise important questions about the meaningfulness of published evidence on the test–retest reliability of SDIs and the usefulness of these tools in both clinical and research contexts. Potential remedies include the introduction of standardized study and reporting requirements for reliability studies, and exploration of other approaches to assessing and classifying child and adolescent psychiatric disorder.
Summary
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in females. Modest weight loss improves reproductive and metabolic PCOS features. While lifestyle modifications and ...pharmacotherapies remain first‐line weight loss strategies, bariatric surgery is emerging as a potentially effective treatment. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of published literature to examine the impact of bariatric surgery in PCOS to inform the 2023 International PCOS Evidence‐based Guidelines. Electronic databases were searched for observational studies and trials comparing pharmacologic or lifestyle treatments to bariatric surgery in women with PCOS or bariatric surgery in women with or without PCOS. Anthropometric, reproductive, hormonal, and metabolic outcomes were included and, where possible, meta‐analyzed using random‐effects models. Risk of bias and evidence quality were assessed. Ten studies were included involving 432 women with and 590 women without PCOS. Comparisons between bariatric surgery and pharmacologic or lifestyle treatments were only reported in one study each, and most reproductive outcomes were limited to a single study; therefore, meta‐analyses could not be performed. Meta‐analysis found that women with PCOS experience similar improvements in anthropometric, hormonal, and metabolic outcomes after bariatric surgery compared to those without PCOS. Existing research is limited and of low quality with high risk of bias, especially in comparison to existing PCOS treatments and with respect to reproductive outcomes including pregnancy, highlighting the need for additional studies to inform clinical recommendations.
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