Cold pressing is an environment-friendly mechanical extraction for oils from seeds. In this work, cold-pressed green Arabica coffee oil was investigated related to the influence of the pressing ...variables (preheating, exit diameter, screw speed, and particle size) on the chemical oil composition, mainly on the diterpenes and, for the first time in the scientific literature, on the content of serotonin amides (β N-alkanoyl-5-hydroxytryptamides (Cn-5HT)). The oil yield from screw pressing varied from 2.65 to 6.27%, with major yields obtained as the size of the particle and temperature increased. Soxhlet extraction produced 9.46 ± 0.04% of oil. The fatty acid content of the oils varied from 32.79 to 33.49% and showed no significant difference among the different pressing conditions. The amount of the diterpenes kahweol and cafestol ranged from 13.33 to 16.72 mg g-1 and 37.11 to 47.14 mg g-1 of oil, respectively, summing 50.44 to 63.86 mg g-1 of diterpenes. The total content of Cn-5HTs ranged from 307.92 to 1716.52 µg g-1, being 114.42 to 577.37 µg g-1 for arachidic acid-5-hydroxytryptamide, (C20-5HT) and 193.50 to 1068.08 µg g-1 for behenic acid-5-hydroxytryptamide (C22-5HT) in oil, the most abundant in coffee bean. From the 16 cold press treatments, six conditions showed significant amounts of these compounds. Aspects related to the biological activity and relevance of coffee lipid diterpenes and Cn-5HTs are discussed.
Background: N-octadecanoyl-5-hydroxytryptamide (C18-5HT) is an amide that can be obtained by the coupling of serotonin and octadecanoic acid. This study aims to characterize the in vivo and in vitro ...anti-inflammatory activity of C18-5HT. Methods: A subcutaneous air pouch model (SAP) was used. The exudates were collected from SAP after carrageenan injection to assess cell migration and inflammatory mediators production. RAW 264.7 cells were used for in vitro assays. Results: C18-5HT significantly inhibited leukocyte migration into the SAP as well as nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines production and protein extravasation. We also observed an reduction in some cytokines and an increase in IL-10 production. Assays conducted with RAW 264.7 cells indicated that C18-5HT inhibited NO and cytokine produced. Conclusions: Taken together, our data suggest that C18-5HT presents a significant effect in different cell types (leukocytes collected from exudate, mainly polumorphonuclear leukocytes and cell culture macrophages) and is a promising compound for further studies for the development of a new anti-inflammatory drug.
In this work, we describe a new route for the synthesis and the antinociceptive effects of two new
-alkanoyl-5-hydroxytryptamides (named C
-5HT and C
-5HT). The antinociceptive activities were ...evaluated using well-known models of thermal-induced (reaction to a heated plate, the hot plate model) or chemical-induced (licking response to paw injection of formalin, capsaicin, or glutamate) nociception. The mechanism of action for C
-5HT and C
-5HT was evaluated using naloxone (opioid receptor antagonist, 1 mg/kg), atropine (muscarinic receptor antagonist, 1 mg/kg), AM251 (cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist, 1 mg/kg), or ondansetron (5-HT3 serotoninergic receptor antagonist, 0.5 mg/kg) 30 min prior to C
-5HT or C
-5HT. The substances both presented significant effects by reducing licking behavior induced by formalin, capsaicin, and glutamate and increasing the latency time in the hot plate model. Opioidergic, muscarinic, cannabinoid, and serotoninergic pathways seem to be involved in the antinociceptive activity since their antagonists reversed the observed effect. Opioid receptors are partially involved due to tolerant mice demonstrating less antinociception when treated with both compounds. Our data showed a quicker and simpler route for the synthesis of the new
-alkanoyl-5-hydroxytryptamides. Both compounds demonstrated significant antinociceptive effects. These new compounds could be used as a scaffold for the synthesis of analogues with promising antinociceptive effects.
Purpose
The EQ-5D-3L and 5L are widely used generic preference-based instruments, which are psychometrically sound with the general population, but little is known about the instruments’ feasibility ...in the elderly. Therefore, this systematic review summarises the available literature with regard to the feasibility properties of the instruments in the elderly population.
Methods
We conducted a systematic search in PubMed, PsycInfo and EuroQol databases using pre-specified vocabulary and inclusion/exclusion criteria to identify publications until November 2020. Study characteristics and outcomes referring to the feasibility of the EQ-5D-3L and 5L in the elderly were extracted, if all study participants were at least 65+ years.
Results
We identified 17 studies reporting feasibility outcomes based on four criteria: missing values, completion rates, completion time and broad qualitative statements referring to the completion. Missing values per dimension ranged from 0 to 10.7%, although being mostly below 7%. The completion rate was around 90% or better, whereas the EQ VAS rating was missing from 2.3 to 25.3% of the respondents. Only two of the included studies examined the EQ-5D-5L; 15 studies reported on the EQ-5D-3L.
Conclusion
Comparing our findings against the general population from published literature, we find that feasibility outcomes in older age groups are just below that of younger populations. Furthermore, older respondents have a higher propensity of requiring assistance or even an interviewer-based approach. Nonetheless, the reviewed literature indicates that the EQ-5D-3L still has good feasibility properties and, hence, is highly applicable in older respondents. However, further research is needed to explore feasibility properties of the EQ-5D-5L in this population.
Lipids play an important role in coffee bean development and impact the coffee brew quality. The lipid fraction of raw coffee beans is mainly composed of triacylglycerols (TG) and other minor ...constituents, such as diterpenes, sterols, phospholipids (PL), and βN-alkanoyl-5-hydroxytryptamides (Cn-5HT). Despite these classes of compounds having been previously characterized by lipidomics, this approach was limited to semi-quantitative analysis. In this work, we developed a multiclass quantitative approach using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry to quantify lipids in raw robusta coffees from different producers of the Brazilian Amazon region. The quantitative method for LPC, PC, PI, PG, DG, TG, and Cn-5HT classes was successfully developed and validated. The total lipid content in the robusta coffees ranged from 17.13 to 29.03 g 100 g−1 for TG, 1.44 2.10 g 100 g−1 for DG, 0.27–0.53 g 100 g−1 for PC, 0.34–0.36 g 100 g−1 for FI, 0.10–0.19 g 100 g−1 for Cn-5HT, and 0.01 g 100 g−1 for LPC. In addition, individual components from the Cn-5HT class were analyzed. PC, PI, TG, DG, and Cn-5HTs were relevant factors in discriminating the coffee samples according to their origin. Therefore, these results can help to further understand how the lipid composition of coffee beans is related to the place of harvest and the development of origin certificates of Amazon robusta coffees.
La iniciativa de investigación surge de la necesidad de revisar la incidencia que tiene la utilización del amianto a nivel industrial, en las problemáticas de salud que se presentan en la comunidad ...circundante a los sitios de explotación y/o las fábricas que utilizan este material como insumo para sus productos. Y tiene como objetivo aportar herramientas teóricas que demuestran que la toxicidad de este material y su potencial cancerígeno sólo puede controlarse con su prohibición; tal y como se ha realizado en más de 55 países. El asbesto un grupo de minerales no metálicos fibrosos, compuestos de silicatos de doble cadena que poseen gran resistencia a la tensión y la degradación química, propiedades que hacen asbesto un mineral bilógicamente no degradable y acumulable en el ambiente. Es importante resaltar el contexto en el que se encuentra Colombia ya que la OMS Organización Mundial de la Salud, ha emitido diversas advertencias acerca de la carcinogénesis, de esta sustancia, actualmente se sigue empleando en la industria colombiana, lo que supone consecuencias en la salud. En ese sentido, se hará uso del docking molecular como una herramienta tecnológica y avance en la química teórica y química computacional
La realidad en torno a la minería, la industrialización entre otros, ha cargado a lasociedad con diversas problemáticas que en ocasiones han derivado en la generaciónde patologías y/o afectaciones en ...la calidad de vida de los ciudadanos. Es así como laindustria, debería ser regulada a profundidad de manera que pueda prevenirse ocontrolarse cualquier tipo de afectación que los procesos industriales puedan ejercersobre su entorno, máxime cuando ello involucra el bienestar de seres humanos.Frente a esta situación y atendiendo un poco a la coyuntura actual, en nuestrosemillero de investigación (SISMA – Semillero de Investigación en Salud y MedioAmbiente) se ha despertado un interés por indagar sobre el asbesto o amianto, comose conoce mundialmente; un material del que se ha demostrado que representa undaño irreparable sobre la población que tiene contacto directo o indirecto con él a talpunto que en muchas ocasiones conduce a la muerte.Por lo anterior, se hace necesario generar una estrategia pedagógica y didáctica queacerque esta problemática a la ciudadanía y le brinde herramientas conceptuales,históricas y hasta legislativas para tratar el tema como un problema de salud pública ylograr que día a día las comunidades, especialmente las aledañas a los lugares dondese utiliza este material en la manufactura, comprenda que está poniendo en riesgo suintegridad.
Espiral de AconteSeres Díaz Salazar, Mario Alejandro; Vargas Cerón, María Camila; Orjuela Arias, Lina María ...
04/2021
eBook
Odprti dostop
This book gathers stories that take place in the fragility of the human and that shudder for their losses and failures, but also for their illusions. Voices that fight for art, music, dance, puppets; ...for love, peace and respect for difference. For their journeys made against their will but undertaken with tenacity in search of opportunities. Men and women who daily get up to go to their jobs, even if it is to dignify the dead. Each character has been dressed, differentiated and narrated in such a way that they come to life on paper and whoever reads them will feel that they fall in love, hurt, burn and transform.
To determine occurrence and sources of farm-work-related injury, we conducted a population-based, prospective study in a large clinic and hospital serving a defined rural area. The population at risk ...was identified through a unique demographic and medical records linkage system and a special agricultural census. Cases were 510 individuals who sought inpatient or outpatient care from May 1990 through April 1992 from a physician or chiropractor for harm resulting from acute exposure to energy. One per 31 farm residents was treated annually for a farm-work-related injury. Eight percent of these cases were hospitalized. Animals were the most frequent source of injury. Severity did not differ between cases associated with animals, machinery, falls, or chemicals. Thirty-eight percent of farm-work-related injury cases occurred in nonfarm residents. Injury risk was 2.5 times greater among dairy farm residents than among nondairy farm residents, 352.0 vs. 141.0 cases per 10,000 person-years, respectively. Adult male farm residents had 556.9 injuries per 10,000 person-years and 21.3 injuries per million hours of farm work.
Farm machinery is an important contributor to the high rates of occupational injury in agriculture. As part of a population-based case-control study, we studied risk factors for machine-related farm ...injuries. Case patients were farm residents residing in a geographically defined area of central Wisconsin who experienced a farm injury associated with a tractor, farm implement, or other machine which required medical or chiropractic care from May 1990 through April 1992. Controls were selected from an ad hoc census of farm residents in the same area. Telephone interviews regarding demographic characteristics, safety behaviors, and farming practices were completed for 97.8% of 90 case patients and for 82.8% of 221 control subjects. Personal characteristics significantly associated with an increased risk of machine-related injury included the number of hours worked per week and working primarily as a farmer. Dairy farms, farms with nonresident workers, and large farms were associated with an increased risk of injury while farms with registered cows and farms where cows were fed in the barn even in summer experienced fewer injuries. Based on a logistic regression model, the independent risk factors for machine-related farm injury included hours worked per week (2% increased risk/ nonresident workers on farm (odds ratio) (OR) = 2.32; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07 to 5.06), cows fed in barn in summer (OR = 0.28; 95% CI: 0.12 to 0.64), and registered cows on farm (OR = 0.36; 95% CI: 0.17 to 0.79). Farm safety practices did not appreciably influence the risk of machine-related farm injury.
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