Bearing in mind that teachers often find themselves in a position where they have to produce their own teaching materials for English for Specific Purposes (ESP) classes, vocabulary profiling studies ...of certain genres may be of help in such situations. English for Science is an ESP field commonly taught around the world; however, despite this, the teaching resources for it are not as plentiful as the ESP teachers would like them to be. With this in mind, in this paper we study the vocabulary profile of science magazines, a genre that is generally written for non-expert audience and includes reports, news and opinions about science. We determine how complex the vocabulary of this genre is, using a corpus of approximately 230,000 running words, and define how many words are needed to reach the minimum reading comprehension level. We also determine how much high-frequency general, academic and scientific vocabulary this genre contains. Based on this, we draw conclusions on the target ESP audience these texts would be most useful for.
A marathon to nowhere Babić, Zdravko; Vuković-Stamatović, Milica; Bratić, Vesna
Pragmatics and society,
09/2023, Letnik:
14, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Abstract
The paper examines the
accession is a race
metaphor in the online news articles published in three Western Balkans’ countries (Serbia, Montenegro, and Bosnia and Hercegovina), in the context ...of their accession to the EU. Through the methodological lens of the conceptual metaphor theory and critical metaphor analysis, our study shows that the conceptualisation of the accession as a race might purport different, even mutually conflicted political stances, i.e. it can have a laudatory function praising those at the forefront of the “race”, while at the same time calling for patience invoking the picture of the race as a marathon, long and exhausting, demanding in both time and stamina. Without delving further into the political reasons, concerns and vested interests of the stakeholders involved, what can be said with much certainty is that both the EU and the regional officials have made some creative excuses for the excessive duration of the EU integration process for the WB’s countries, and these have been analysed in the present study. The analysis has shown that the “finish line” of the race (the accession itself), long or short, is far less important in the regional news discourse than reaching further out than your co-runners, i.e. your immediate neighbours and competitors.
Hip and knee replacement surgery are a common and effective procedure for the relief of pain and loss of function. The number of procedures is increasing and great interest is given how to improve ...outcome following hip and knee replacement surgery. Last two decades have been characterized by many innovations in hip and knee replacement surgery including minimally invasive technique but also by improvements in anesthetic technique and blood management. The patients undergoing hip and knee replacement surgery are commonly elderly and have cos-existing organ dysfunctions. These procedures are characterized by great perioperative disturbances including cardiovascular complications, high incidence of thromboembolic complications, possible significant perioperative blood loss, possible bone cement effect and high level of postoperative pain. Anesthetic assessment of patients include preoperative preparations, intraoperative and postoperative care. In this article, all problems of perioperative blood management are discussed. The recent data of advantages of blood management for every patient are outlined. Blood management include preoperative preparation, use of autologous blood in perioperative period and administration of drugs for minimizing intraoperative blood loss. The final result of improvements in blood management is reducing in blood loss and need for allogeneic blood and significant reduction in perioperative morbidity.
Summary
In the mid-19
th
century Vuk Stefanović Karadžić collected folk tales in the broader South-Slavic region and published them in a collection titled
Serbian Folk Tales
. Folk fairy tales make ...the major part of the collection. In this paper, the authors determine the folk fairy tale structure according to the methodology proposed by Vladimir Propp in the
Morphology of the Folktale
. The aim of the paper is to investigate, whether these fairy tales can be fully described using Propp’s Morphology. Propp’s model of the meta-folk fairy tale was developed inductively based on a rich, comprehensive, yet limited, corpus of Russian folk fairy tales, which opens up space for further testing of the proposed model.
The hypothesis was set that the analyzed folk fairy tales completely conform to the plot structure of the meta-folk fairy tale with a maximum of 31 functions as proposed by Propp. The hypothesis is grounded in: 1. the time when the folktales were collected (mid-19
th
century, the same time as the Russian collection analyzed by Propp) and 2. the similarity of the South Slavic peoples with the peoples of the Slavic East.
However, after categorial and structural analyses of the corpus were performed, it was clear that the hypothesis could not be accepted in its entirety. In the analyzed folk fairy tales, no new functions were found as compared to the 31 functions identified by Propp, but some of these functions were altered as compared to those to be expected in folk tales. This alteration occurred not only regarding the changed order of functions, assimilation and cases of dual morphological meanings of functions, but also in terms of the fantastic category of the marvelous, which is the core feature of the fairy tale genre, whose nature was changed. The study identified the rationalization of some magical motifs, which partially mitigates the quality of the miraculous in the fairy tale and found out that, in some cases, the marvelous was mitigated and “shifted” towards the (merely) fantastic. This was achieved by introducing oniric elements. One of the important conclusions of our study of the fairy tale is that these fairy tales, although labeled as folk tales, feature significant authorial intervention.
In this paper, we examine the lexical profile of literary academic articles with a view to determining how they differ from research articles in other disciplines and how the vocabulary level and ...complexity affect reading comprehension, particularly for non-native speakers of English. For this purpose, a corpus of 110 literary articles from reputable journals was compiled and compared against two corpora featuring the same number of articles: one consisting of research articles from Science, Technology and Medicine (STM), and the other comprising research articles from social sciences and other humanities. The results reveal that the lexical profile of literary academic papers is, as expected, more similar to social sciences and other humanities than to the STM field when it comes to the coverage of general-purpose vocabulary, vocabulary level and vocabulary diversity. Despite the lexical similarities to social sciences and other humanities, the vocabulary of literary academic papers is somewhat more complex and diverse than that found in them. The largest differences were noted with respect to the level of academic vocabulary, whose use is much sparser in literary studies than in all other fields. The pedagogical implications include advocating for refraining from reading literary academic articles earlier than postgraduate studies for non-native-speakers of English (with some exceptions), as their vocabulary level will generally be insufficient for those purposes. We also point to the limited value of teaching academic vocabulary to students of literary studies.
During November to December 2020, a high rate of COVID-19-associated pneumonia with bacterial superinfections due to multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens was recorded in a COVID-19 hospital in Zagreb. ...This study analyzed the causative agents of bacterial superinfections among patients with serious forms of COVID-19. In total, 118 patients were hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU) of the COVID-19 hospital. Forty-six out of 118 patients (39%) developed serious bacterial infection (VAP or BSI or both) during their stay in ICU. The total mortality rate was 83/118 (70%). The mortality rate due to bacterial infection or a combination of ARDS with bacterial superinfection was 33% (40/118). Six patients had MDR organisms and 34 had XDR (extensively drug-resistant). The dominant species was
with all isolates (34) being carbapenem-resistant (CRAB) and positive for carbapenem-hydrolyzing oxacillinases (CHDL). One
causing pneumonia harboured the
gene. It appears that the dominant resistance determinants of causative agents depend on the local epidemiology in the particular COVID center.
seems to easily spread in overcrowded ICUs. Croatia belongs to the 15 countries in the world with the highest mortality rate among COVID-19 patients, which could be in part attributable to the high prevalence of bacterial infections in local ICUs.
This study assesses the knowledge, practices, and attitudes of medical staff in intensive care units (ICUs) regarding oral hygiene care for critically ill, bedridden patients.
A cross-sectional study ...included 65 employees from the Intensive Care Units of the Sestre Milosrdnice Clinical Hospital Centre (CHC SM) and the Clinic for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care at the University Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb (CHC ZG). A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess knowledge, methods, frequency, and attitudes towards oral care for mechanically ventilated patients. The data were examined through descriptive statistical methods, presented in terms of proportions (percentages). For the purpose of comparing the feedback across the two hospital centers and different educational backgrounds, the Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were employed.
Results of a survey of 65 participants (18 from CHC SM and 47 from CHC ZG) revealed a notable disparity in oral hygiene knowledge, with graduate nurses displaying the highest proportion of adequate knowledge (100%) and regular nurses showing the least (30.3%) (p<.001). Although the execution of oral care practices did not vary significantly among the groups, graduate nurses performed oral care more frequently (80% vs. baccalaureate technicians 33.33% and nurses 57.6%, three or more times a day) and demonstrated better proficiency in both mechanical (p=.005) and chemical (p<.001) biofilm management compared to their counterparts. No significant difference was observed in the delivery of oral care to orotracheally intubated patients across different educational levels (p=.127). However, a marked difference was noted in the perception of being adequately trained for such care, with nurses feeling less prepared (12.1%, p<.001). Despite these variances, all respondents recognized the importance of oral hygiene, thus showing a strong dedication to oral health care.
This study highlights variability in ICU oral hygiene practices and points to the importance of standardized care protocols and improved training for healthcare staff.
This volume represents perspectives on a number of aspects of modern Anglo-American drama and dramatists written by scholars from ex-Yugoslav republics, resulting from long years of common interest ...and cooperation in the field between the corresponding English Departments in the region. The volume was inspired by the Word across Cultures conference, organised by the Institute of Foreign Languages of the University of Montenegro in Podgorica, Montenegro, in July 2014. The researchers who participated in the conference's literature section were testament to the growing interest in drama among regional literature scholars. The book will appeal to both an academic and non-academic readership. The former will, certainly, benefit from this book since English and, especially, American drama is not appropriately represented by the number of published books it deserves world-wide. The volume provides a South-East European perspective on Anglo-American drama, and represents a valuable addition to existing drama scholarship, since all the contributors are from the ex-Yugoslav republics and write from a standpoint of multiple othernesses. It will also be of interest to theatre and film scholars, as well as theatre and film enthusiasts, because of the variety of approaches adopted in the papers.
Blood samples were collected alongside with routine blood cultures (BC) from patients with suspected sepsis, to evaluate the prevalence of different causative agents in patients with bacteraemia. ...Among 667 blood samples, there were 122 positive BC (18%). Haemoglobin content, platelet number, and systolic blood pressure values were significantly lower in patients with positive BC, whereas serum lactate levels, CRP, creatinine and urea content were significantly higher in patients with positive BC. The rate of multidrug (MDR) or extensively drug resistant (XDR) bacteria was 24% (n = 29): Klebsiella pneumoniae (9), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9), Acinetobacter baumannii (4), Escherichia coli (1), vancomycin resistant Enterococcus spp (VRE) (3), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA (3). The dominant resistance mechanisms were the production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases, OXA-48 carbapenemase, and colistin resistance in K. pneumoniae, VIM metallo-β-lactamases in P. aeruginosa and OXA-23-like oxacillinases in A. baumannii. The study revealed high rate of MDR strains among positive BCs in Zagreb, Croatia.
Judged by the literary research conducted over the last decades of the previous and the first decade of this century, not only was drama an illegitimate offspring in the American literature but was ...also treated as a weak premature-born child in the postmodernist thought in general. A stage cohabitation of the postmodern experiment and a realist frame in the contemporary theatre is well illustrated by the two popular contemporary playwrights: Sam Shepard and David Mamet. By their creative opus, not only in the fields of drama and theatre, but also in other literary genres (poetry, essay) as well as in film, through a variety of different characters and situations, these two authors reveal a rich variety of the many possible variations of American social (con)text. The society will be read in their plays as a unique cultural text outside which, as Derrida said, there is nothing. America, its myths and contemporary cultural industry, its class, racial and gender conflicts and the two authors established a mutual set of influences. The playwrights borrow raw materials from the treasury of mass culture (or should it, to be true to the new consumer culture, be more appropriate to say a warehouse) break it down and re-assemble fragments into collages that articulate the contemporary issues in more condensed, more intense and more effective ways. Mamet and Shepard borrow from the contemporary culture only to pay it back with interest: they endow the cultural (con)text with a richer content, impregnated with meaning.
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