Childhood trauma is intimately related with suicidal behaviour. Patients who have suffered childhood trauma develop impaired Reflective Functioning (RF), which refers to the capacity to understand ...ourselves and others in terms of intentional mental states. An improvement in RF has been associated with a reduction in suicidal attempts, but the mediating role of RF between childhood trauma and suicidal behaviour has not been addressed so far.
We aim to examine the potential mediating effect of RF among childhood trauma and suicide attempts.
We included 748 patients who had attempted suicide at least once. They were asked to complete the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (RFQ-8), the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating scale (CSSRS), and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF). We conducted linear regressions by simple mediating model to examine the role of RF in the indirect association between childhood trauma and the number of suicide attempts.
Our results show significant indirect effects through hypo and hypermentalizing between Emotional Abuse (EA) and Sexual Abuse (SA) in childhood and the number of suicide attempts in lifetime. These results indicate that ineffective RF significantly mediates the association between childhood trauma and suicidality.
This is the first study supporting the mediational role of RF in the relationship between EA and SA, and the number of suicide attempt in lifetime. These findings have important implications for reducing suicide rates and preventing future re-attempts. Further studies analysing this mediating role and focusing efforts on increasing RF-based interventions are required.
INTRODUCTIONThe classical teaching methodology was based on passive transmission-based learning. The model has changed towards an orientation based on student-centred learning. OBJECTIVEThe objective ...of the study has been to evaluate the students' perception when learning about urinary tract infections, and their perspective about the teaching imparted on this pathology in the various subjects that include ITU in their syllabus. METHODSA cross-sectional analytical study of the responses to an anonymous survey entitled: "Methodology on urine infections. Teaching aspects "issued by 228 students at their fifth year of Medical School, from two promotions. They referred to the following subjects: Pharmacy, Pathophisiology, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Infectious diseases, Microbiology, Nephrology, Pediatrics and Urology. RESULTSThe following variables have been analysed: teaching content, teaching basic aspects of the disease, consideration of teaching methodology and improvement suggestions. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. CONCLUSIONThe study has concluded that teaching urinary tract infection is perceived in specific subjects related to microorganism (Microbiology), the target organ (Infectious diseases, Urology), affected patients (Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics) rather than transversal subjects such as Pathophysiology or Pharmacy. The teaching methodology has been considered appropriate by more than 50% of the students in five from the 8 subjects that teach the concept of urinary tract infection. The students suggest convenient changes in current teaching methodology in several subjects that impart the urinary tract infection concept.
The classical teaching methodology was based on passive transmission-based learning. The model has changed toward an orientation based on student-centered learning.
The objective of the study has ...been to evaluate the students’ perception when learning about urinary tract infections, and their perspective about the teaching imparted on this pathology in the various subjects that include ITU in their syllabus.
A cross-sectional analytical study of the responses to an anonymous survey entitled: “Methodology on urine infections. Teaching aspects” issued by 228 students at their fifth year of Medical School, from two promotions. They referred to the following subjects: Pharmacy, Pathophisiology, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Infectious diseases, Microbiology, Nephrology, Pediatrics and Urology.
The following variables have been analyzed: teaching content, teaching basic aspects of the disease, consideration of teaching methodology and improvement suggestions. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used.
The study has concluded that teaching urinary tract infection is perceived in specific subjects related to microorganism (Microbiology), the target organ (Infectious diseases, Urology), affected patients (Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics) rather than transversal subjects such as Pathophysiology or Pharmacy. The teaching methodology has been considered appropriate by more than 50% of the students in five from the 8 subjects that teach the concept of urinary tract infection. The students suggest convenient changes in current teaching methodology in several subjects that impart the urinary tract infection concept.
La metodología docente clásica se basaba en la transmisión pasiva de contenidos. El modelo ha cambiado hacia una orientación basada en que el eje del sistema enseñanza-aprendizaje es el alumno.
El objetivo del estudio es evaluar la percepción del aprendizaje relacionado con las infecciones del tracto urinario que tienen los propios alumnos, y su perspectiva acerca de la docencia impartida sobre esta patología en las diferentes asignaturas que incluyen en su temario la ITU.
Se realiza un estudio analítico transversal de las respuestas a una encuesta anónima titulada: «Metodología sobre las infecciones de orina. Aspectos docentes» emitidas por 228 alumnos de quinto curso del Grado de Medicina de dos promociones. Se refirieron a las asignaturas de Farmacia, Fisiopatología, Ginecología y Obstetricia, Infecciosas, Microbiología, Nefrología, Pediatría y Urología.
Se analizan variables sobre aspectos del contenido docente, docencia de aspectos básicos del problema, consideración sobre la metodología docente y sugerencias de cambio de la misma. Se utiliza estadística descriptiva e inferencial.
El estudio concluye que la docencia en la infección del tracto urinario se percibe más en asignaturas concretas relativas al microorganismo (Microbiología), el órgano diana (Infecciosas, Urología), pacientes afectados (Pediatría, Ginecología y Obstetricia) que en asignaturas transversales como la Fisiopatología o Farmacia. La metodología docente se considera la apropiada en más del 50% de los alumnos en cinco de las 8 asignaturas que imparten el concepto de infección del tracto urinario. Los alumnos sugieren la conveniencia de cambios en la metodología docente en varias asignaturas que imparten el concepto de infección del tracto urinario.
Prevention of incisional hernias with a prophylactic mesh in emergency surgery is controversial. The present study aimed to analyze the long-term results of prophylactic mesh used for preventing ...incisional hernia after emergency midline laparotomies.
This study was a registered (NCT04578561) retrospective analysis of patients who underwent an emergency midline laparotomy between January 2009 and July 2010 with a follow-up period of longer than 2 years. Long-term outcomes and risk factors for the development of incisional hernias between patients who received a prophylactic reinforcement mesh (Group M) and suture (Group S) were compared.
From an initial 266 emergency midline laparotomies, 187 patients were included. The median follow-up time was 64.4 months (SD 35). Both groups had similar characteristics, except for a higher rate of previous operations (62 vs. 43.2%; P = 0.01) and operation due to a revision laparotomy (32.5 vs.13%; P = 0.02) in the M group. During follow-up, 29.9% of patients developed an incisional hernia (Group S 36.6% vs. Group M 14.3%; P = 0.002). Chronic mesh infections were diagnosed in 2 patients, but no mesh explants were needed, and no patient in the M group developed chronic pain. Long-term risk factors for incisional hernia were as follows: smoking (HR = 2.47; 95% CI 1.318-4.624; P = 0.05), contaminated surgery (HR = 2.98; 95% CI 1.142-7.8; P = 0.02), surgical site infection (SSI; HR = 3.83; 95% CI 1.86-7.86; P = 0.001), and no use of prophylactic mesh (HR = 5.09; 95% CI 2.1-12.2; P = 0.001).
Incidence of incisional hernias after emergency midline laparotomies is high and increases with time. High-risk patients, contaminated surgery, and surgical site infection (SSI) benefit from mesh reinforcement. Prophylactic mesh use is safe and feasible in emergencies with a low long-term complication rate.
NCT04578561. www.clinicaltrials.gov.
Abstract Introduction Remote monitoring (RM) of cardiac implantable electronic devices has increased significantly in the last years. The safety and efficacy of RM have been demonstrated, however, ...there are few data on patient satisfaction. The objective of this study was to evaluate the satisfaction of patients with an implanted pacemaker (PM) followed through remote monitoring. Methods Patients implanted with a conventional or leadless PM who had been using RM system for at least 3 months were included. Patients had to be able to understand and answer questionnaires, having no significant cognitive impairment. An specific, and previous validate, patient satisfaction RM questionnaire with 30-item, self-completed, measured on a 5-point Likert scale (0=No, nothing, 4=Yes, a lot) was administered. The questionnaire is structured in 5 dimensions: Information on cardiac condition, device convenience, transmission process, satisfaction with medical monitoring, and benefits. The results are presented as mean. The difference between mean was analyzed using the T-Student test. Results A total of 98 patients were included (77.8±8.2 years old, 67% male), 82 % had conventional PM and 18 % leadless PM. According RM connectivity 70% had daily automatic transmission, 12% automatic transmission and 18% manual transmission. On average, participants answered 83% of the items. The overall satisfaction of the patient was high (3.66). The mean score for each dimension is summarized in Table 1. The Device convenience had the highest mean (3.75), and the Transmission process had the lowest mean (3.56). There was no difference between patients with a conventional pacemaker versus leadless pacemakers (Fig 1, p=0,30). Results Patients with PM followed through RM have a high level of satisfaction when evaluated using an specific questionnaire. The level of satisfaction is independent of the type of PM or the connectivity of the system.Table 1Mean dimension score by device type
Abstract Objective This study analyzed the factors related to recurrence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) among orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) patients. Patients and Methods We undertook a ...multicenter, prospective, observational study of OLT patients transplanted due to HCV at four Andalusian transplantation centers from 2005 to 2007. Patients were excluded if their survival was less than 1 month. The analysis included 110 pre-, peri-, and posttransplant variables that could affect HCV recurrence. We also examined the influence of cardiovascular risk factors and immunosuppression on HCV. Results Among 121 HCV patients, 83 (69%) experienced a histologically significant recurrence of HCV, including 13 (16%) who died compared with 5 of 38 (13%) who did not show a severe recurrence of HCV ( P = .3). The mean follow-up was 44 months (range, 4 to 64 months). The mean time to appearance of the relapse was 9 months (range, 1 to 40 months) with no differences according to the type of immunosuppression. Of all study variables, donor age (> 52 years) showed a trend for greater recurrence ( P = .1). The use of powerful immunosuppression (three or more drugs), either as induction or as sustained therapy, during the first posttransplantation year was significantly associated with a greater relapse rate ( P < .01), albeit with no significant difference according to the type of calcineurin inhibitor. Mycophenolate mofetil was not associated with a greater posttransplantation viral load or earlier relapse, although its use in multiple immunosuppression schedules was associated with a greater relapse rate ( P < .01). Survival of patients with recurrent HCV was reduced, although not significantly. Multivariate analysis showed a 4.4 times greater risk for developing de novo diabetes mellitus (DM) among patients with a severe relapse of HCV. Conclusions There was an important trend toward a greater recurrence rate of HCV among patients who received powerful immunosuppression protocols, particularly during the first 12 months. Special attention should be given to the risk for de novo DM among HCV-positive patients.
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a common human neoplasia with poor prognosis and survival that frequently displays Akt overactivation. Here we show that mice displaying constitutive ...Akt activity (myrAkt) in combination with Trp53 loss in stratified epithelia develop oral cavity tumors that phenocopy human HNSCC. The myrAkt mice develop oral lesions, making it a possible model of human oral dysplasia. The malignant conversion of these lesions, which is hampered due to the induction of premature senescence, is achieved by the subsequent ablation of Trp53 gene in the same cells in vivo. Importantly, mouse oral tumors can be followed by in vivo imaging, show metastatic spreading to regional lymph nodes, and display activation of nuclear factor-kappaB and signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 pathways and decreased transforming growth factor-beta type II receptor expression, thus resembling human counterparts. In addition, malignant conversion is associated with increased number of putative tumor stem cells. These data identify activation of Akt and p53 loss as a major mechanism of oral tumorigenesis in vivo and suggest that blocking these signaling pathways could have therapeutic implications for the management of HNSCC.
One hundred and twelve consecutive Child Class A and B cirrhotic patients were included in a prospective controlled trial aimed at investigating the efficacy and safety of endoscopic sclerotherapy ...vs. distal splenorenal shunt in the elective treatment of hemorrhage from esophagogastric varices. Fifty-seven patients were randomly allocated to splenorenal shunt and 55 to endoscopic sclerotherapy. Since only 4 of the 55 patients assigned to endoscopic sclerotherapy had to be excluded after randomization and before treatment as compared to 14 of the 57 patients assigned to splenorenal shunt, it is suggested that the applicability of endoscopic sclerotherapy is greater than that of splenorenal shunt. One patient in each group died within 30 days of the procedure and two in the endoscopic sclerotherapy group were lost to follow-up just after discharge. Variceal rebleeding during follow-up occurred in 37.5% (18/48) of patients in the endoscopic sclerotherapy group and in 14.3% of those in the splenorenal shunt group (6/42) (p less than 0.02), whereas hepatic encephalopathy was more frequent in patients submitted to splenorenal shunt (10/42, 24%) than in those treated by endoscopic sclerotherapy (4/48, 8%) (p less than 0.05). The therapeutic modality was the only variable with independent predictive value for rebleeding during follow-up, whereas for hepatic encephalopathy, the therapeutic modality, and the presence of encephalopathy related to the bleeding episode each showed independent predictive value. Early and long-term mortality, did not differ between the two therapeutic groups, being the 2-year survival was 71% for splenorenal shunt and 68% for endoscopic sclerotherapy.
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