Cilj ovoga rada bio je utvrditi najčešće vrste samonikloga bilja koje se na području Brotnja (Čitluk, BiH) koriste kao hrana, kao čajno bilje ili za neke druge namjene. Istraživanje je provedeno od ...travnja 2022. do travnja 2023. godine te su zabilježena tradicionalna znanja i suvremeno korištenje samoniklih biljaka na području Brotnja. Rezultati ovog istraživanja pokazuju da se najveći broj samoniklih biljaka najčešće koristi kao: sirove salate ili kuhano povrće (22 vrste), sirovo divlje voće (18 vrste), svakodnevni / ili medicinski čajevi (37 vrsta), začinske biljke (9 vrsta), a 9 vrsta ima specifičnu medicinsku uporabu. Kao samoniklo povrće, začini i čajevi na području Brotnja koristi se 50 nekultiviranih biljnih vrsta svrstanih u 31 porodicu. Najzastupljenije porodice su Lamiaceae (9), Asteraceae (7 vrsta) Apiaceae (3 vrste), dok su ostale porodice manje zastupljene. Najzastupljenije porodice samoniklog divljeg voća su Rosaceae (8) i Moraceae (3). U ovom istraživanju su sudjelovali ispitanici koji su rođeni u istraživanom području i / ili su na istraživanom području proveli veći dio svog života.
The aim of this work was to determine the most common types of wild plants that are used as food, as tea plants or for some other purposes in the area of Brotnjo (Čitluk, Bosnia and Herzegovina). The research was conducted from April 2022 to April 2023, and traditional knowledge and contemporary use of wild plants in the Brotnjo area were recorded. The results of this research show that the largest number of wild plants are most often used as: raw salads or cooked vegetables (22 species), raw wild fruits (18 species), everyday/or medicinal teas (37 species), herbs (9 species), and 9 species have specific medicinal uses. In the area of Brotnjo, 50 uncultivated plant species divided into 31 families are used as wild vegetables, spices and teas. The most represented families are Lamiaceae (9), Asteraceae (7 species) and Apiaceae (3 species), while other families are less represented. The most abundant wild fruit families are Rosaceae (8) and Moraceae (3). Respondents who were born in the researched area and/or spent most of their life in the researched area participated in this research.
Rosa canina L. is a widespread wild species in the temperate zone. The fruit is used for nutritional and pharmacological purposes, due to various chemical composition with considerable therapeutic ...potential. The fruit is rarely eaten fresh but has to be processed, usually dried. To prolong storage and prevent deterioration of the nutrient composition, it is important to optimize various processing methods. This study aimed to determine the basic chemical composition and content of macro and micro components in fresh and dried wild fruits collected from different microsites in Herzegovina. The method of drying was also varied in the study, both under natural conditions and forced (artificial) by convection. All rosehip fruits from wild populations in Herzegovina represent a potential raw material for further processing by drying, with the fruits from the Poljice site standing out with the highest content of total acids (45.1%) and sugars: Fructose (4.575 g/100 g bw), glucose (3.26 g/100 g bw) and natural invert (7.835 g/100 g bw). Drying naturally resulted in slightly higher values for total acids, ash and mineral constituents (Ca, Na and Fe) in the dried fruits, while drying by convection resulted in higher values for fructose, glucose, natural inversion and K. In general, the dried fruits had slightly higher fructose, glucose, natural inversion and K values. The dried rosehip fruits showed higher levels of the analysed chemical constituents compared to the fresh fruits, suggesting that dried rosehip fruits also represent the potential for further use in various products.
The agricultural sector and growing food production needs rely on chemical fertilizers. This initially had positive effects on production, but over the last decade, the negative impacts of overuse ...have resulted in low crop productivity, increased pest and disease infestation, soil degradation, and consequent adverse effects on environmental parameters. As one of the possibilities in organic farming, we found vermicomposting as the most sustainable practice. For the assembly of vermicomposting, mature cattle manure was utilized in three different combinations with organic material and earthworm inoculations (the household waste, the grass clippings, and mixture). The experiment was set up by random block design in three replications. Analyses of qualitative parameters of the final product showed a pH reaction from neutral to slightly alkaline. The nitrogen compound varied between 2.7% and 2.9% and the organic carbon varied between 45.59% and 47.41%, showing a C/N ratio of 16.7‒16.67. The potassium content varied between 1.1% and 1.2% K
O, and the phosphorus content varied from 0.3% to 0.5%. The experiment gave quite good results of vermicomposting of household waste with manure, showing a neutral pH reaction, optimal content of ash and carbon with almost similar and good NPK contents and increased C/N ratio of 16.7, and with satisfying levels of trace elements and the heavy metal content under the limits. This combination of household waste and manure also showed best characterization of humic and fulvic acids in vermicompost, ranging from 1505 to 1778 cm
and from 729 to 998 cm
, respectively. These results indicate that vermicomposting can increase the quality of the final product.
The aim of this work was to determine the most common types of wild plants that are used as food, as tea plants or for some other purposes in the area of Brotnjo (Čitluk, Bosnia and Herzegovina). The ...research was conducted from April 2022 to April 2023, and traditional knowledge and contemporary use of wild plants in the Brotnjo area were recorded. The results of this research show that the largest number of wild plants are most often used as: raw salads or cooked vegetables (22 species), raw wild fruits (18 species), everyday/or medicinal teas (37 species), herbs (9 species), and 9 species have specific medicinal uses. In the area of Brotnjo, 50 uncultivated plant species divided into 31 families are used as wild vegetables, spices and teas. The most represented families are Lamiaceae (9), Asteraceae (7 species) and Apiaceae (3 species), while other families are less represented. The most abundant wild fruit families are Rosaceae (8) and Moraceae (3). Respondents who were born in the researched area and/or spent most of their life in the researched area participated in this research.
Polyodaspis ruficornis vrsta je široko raširena u palearktičkom i orijentalnom području. Ličinke ove vrste izrazito su polifagne i preferiraju hranu bogatu proteinima. Razvijaju se kao saprofagi, ...kaprofagi, fitofagi te kao paraziti preimaginalnih stadija kukaca. U literaturi se vrsta navodi i kao štetnik ploda oraha. Ličinke ove muhe razvijaju se u zelenoj ljusci (egzokarpu) ploda oraha. Ishranom ličinki oslobađaju se tanini zbog čega zelena lupina ploda oraha postaje mekana, s vremenom pocrni i zalijepi se za ljusku oraha od koje se teško odvaja. Oštećenja na plodovima oraha veoma su slična
štetama od ličinki orahove muhe Rhagoletis completa. Monitoringom provedenim tijekom kolovoza i rujna 2023. godine, zaraza plodova oraha vrstom P. ruficornis utvrđena je na većem broju lokaliteta s područja općina Žepče, Kiseljak, Prozor-Rama, Mostar, Čitluk i Neum. Ovisno o lokalitetu intenzitet zaraze kretao se od 3% na lokalitetu Ripci (Prozor-Rama) do 32% na lokalitetu Donja Papratnica (Žepče). Štetnik je često nalažen u plodovima oraha zajedno s ličinkama jabučnog savijača Cydia pomonella, ali i u plodovima koji nisu bili vidno napadnuti drugim štetnikom ili uzročnikom bolesti.
The expression pattern of thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1) and neuroendocrine markers, neuron cell adhesion molecule (NCAM; CD56), chromogranin A (CgA) and synaptophysin (Syp), of different ...lung cell lineages was histologically analyzed in 15 normal human fetal lungs and 12 neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) using immunohistochemical methods. During pseudoglandular phase strong nuclear TTF-1 staining was detected in the columnar nonciliated epithelial cells, while NCAM, CgA and Syp had a moderate expression in the proximal airways and mild expression in the distal airways. Neuroendocrine cells (NECs) in proximal lung airway were co-localizing TTF-1 and other neuroendocrine markers while neuroendocrine bodies (NEBs) exhibit only staining with NCAM and Syp. In the canalicular phase TTF-1 nuclear staining was expressed only in several epithelial cells in proximal airways, while budding airways epithelium showed strong TTF-1 expression. Expression of NCAM, CgA and Syp in this phase equals the one in pseudoglandular phase. NEBs cells were co-localizing TTF-1 and NCAM in proximal airways and few NECs in distal airway were co-localizing TTF-1 and Syp. TTF-1 staining in the saccular phase was limited to subsets of epithelial cells in the proximal airways with stronger positivity in the distal airways. NCAM expression is moderate only in proximal airways, while Syp and CgA show mild expression in proximal and distal airways. NECs were co-localizing TTF-1 and NCAM in proximal lung airway. With regard to NECs, all small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells had strong TTF-1, NCAM, Syp and CgA positivity and TTF-1 co-localized with other neuroendocrine markers. All pulmonary typical carcinoids were TTF-1 negative, while pulmonary atypical carcinoids were focal positive for TTF-1 and some neoplastic cells co-localized TTF-1 with neuroendocrine markers.
Our results indicate that TTF-1 expression in NECs suggests a possible role in their normal development and differentiation. Our results also indicate that possible cell of origin for poorly differentiated SCLC and some atypical carcinoid could be a progenitor cell in neuroendocrine lineage while in typical carcinoids possible cell of origin is localized in terminally differentiated NECs.
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