The inferior vena cava agenesis (IVCA) is a rare and often asymptomatic malformation due to the abundant development of the collateral circulation. However, it is frequently found in young people and ...carries a significant risk of deep venous thrombosis (DVT). It is estimated that about 5% of patients under 30 years of age presenting with DVT have this condition. We report a case of a previously healthy 23-year-old patient presenting with signs of acute abdomen and hydronephrosis due to the thrombophlebitis of an unusual iliocaval venous collateral, which developed secondary to IVCA. After treatment, the iliocaval collateral and hydronephrosis completely regressed on a 1-year follow-up. To our knowledge, this is the first such case reported in the literature.
Bladder diverticula are defined as an outpouching of the mucosa into the muscle layer of the bladder wall. There is a well-known link between urinary bladder diverticula and tumors arising within the ...diverticula. They are rare with an incidence rate of 0.8%-10%. We report an intradiverticular urothelial carcinoma in a 72-year-old man with a known history of multiple episodes of acute urinary retention and urinary tract infections, followed by transurethral resection of the benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene succinate‐co‐adipate) (PLA/PBSA) blends are found promising for film packaging applications because of their flexibility, resistance, and compostability. Industrially ...extruded granules and films based on PLA and containing different amounts of PBSA are reprocessed through mini‐extrusion, to simulate recycling, and tested in terms of their melt flow rate as a function of PBSA content. Moreover, pure PLA commercial granules and the film produced extruding the PLA/PBSA 60/40 blend are reprocessed several times by injection molding and characterized in terms of melt flow rate, mechanical properties, thermal properties, and color as a function of injection molding cycles. The variation in melt fluidity and thermo‐mechanical properties is negligible up to 3 injection molding cycles for both pure PLA granules and PLA/PBSA blend. In the case of blend the change in color (yellowing and darkening) is more evident and slight local compositional change in injection molded items can be evidenced as well as a slight decrease in PBS crystallinity as a function of injection molding cycles. Nevertheless, in applications where these aspects are not critical, these materials can be recycled by extrusion or injection molding before being composted, thus prolonging their life cycle and storing carbon in them as longer as possible.
The mechanical recyclability of Poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene succinate‐co‐adipate) (PLA/PBSA) blends, which are found promising for film packaging applications, is investigated by extrusion or repeated injection molding. Despite some evidences of chain scission and yellowing, the results evidenced that these blends can be mechanically recycled before being composted, thus prolonging their life cycle and storing carbon in them as longer as possible.
Bladder carcinoma incidence is on the rise making it the tenth most common and thirteenth deadliest carcinoma in the world. Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) following a cystoscopy is ...the golden standard for diagnosis and treatment, despite it missing about 25% of muscle invasion of the bladder wall. This leads to understaging and increase of bladder carcinomas with unfavorable prognosis and elevating mortality. To avoid understaging a new and complementary method is needed. A new system called Vesical imaging reporting and data system (VI-RADS), based on multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) which suggests the probability of muscle invasion, could greatly improve diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer.
Inferior vena cava agenesis (IVCA) is a rare congenital malformation caused by dysgene-sis during embryogenesis. The condition is often asymptomatic due to the development of collateral venous ...circulation. It carries a significant risk for deep venous thrombosis (DVT), especially in young people as a result of venous stasis in the lower extremities. The rarest form is infrarenal and renal segment hypoplasia, followed by hypoplasia only of the infrarenal segment. The first episode of deep venous thrombosis usually occurs before the fourth decade, with no gender predilection.
Even before behavioral disturbances, neuroleptics, amphetamine, and domperidone application rapidly emerged severe occlusion/occlusion-like syndrome, shared innate vascular and multiorgan failure in ...rats, comparable to occlusion/occlusion-like syndrome described with vessel(s) occlusion or similar noxious procedures application. As therapy, i.e., activation of the collateral pathways, "bypassing key" (activated azygos vein pathway, direct blood flow delivery), the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 is a novel solution. Recently, BPC 157 therapy particularly counteracted neuroleptic- or L-NAME-induced catalepsy, lithium intoxication, and schizophrenia positive and negative symptoms (amphetamine/methamphetamine/apomorphine/ketamine). In rats with complete calvariectomy, medication (BPC 157 10 µg/kg, 10 ng/kg ip or ig) was given 5 min after distinctive dopamine agents (mg/kg ip) (haloperidol (5), fluphenazine (5), clozapine (10), risperidone (5), olanzapine (10), quetiapine (10), or aripiprazole (10), domperidone (25), amphetamine (10), and combined amphetamine and haloperidol) and assessed at 15 min thereafter. All neuroleptic-, domperidone-, and amphetamine-induced comparable vascular and multiorgan failure severe syndrome was alleviated with BPC 157 therapy as before major vessel(s) occlusion or other similar noxious procedures. Specifically, all severe lesions in the brain (i.e., immediate swelling, hemorrhage), heart (i.e., congestion, arrhythmias), and lung (i.e., congestion, hemorrhage), as well as congestion in the liver, kidney, and gastrointestinal (stomach) tract, were resolved. Intracranial (superior sagittal sinus), portal, and caval hypertension and aortal hypotension were attenuated or eliminated. BPC 157 therapy almost annihilated arterial and venous thrombosis, peripherally and centrally. Thus, rapidly acting Virchow triad circumstances that occur as dopamine central/peripheral antagonists and agonist essential class-points, fully reversed by BPC 157 therapy, might be overwhelming for both neuroleptics and amphetamine.
Incidencija karcinoma mjehura je u porastu te je danas deseti najčešći I trinaesti najsmrtonosniji karcinom na svijetu. Cistoskopska transureteralna resekcija tumora mjehura (TURBT) je zlatni ...standard u dijagnozi I liječenju, unatoč činjenici da ne detektira 25% slučajeva invazija mišića stjenke mjehura. To vodi do neadekvatnog staging-a tumora te povećanog broja karcinoma s nepovoljnom prognozom i povećanom smrtnošću. Kako bi se ovo izbjeglo nova i komplementarna metoda je potrebna. Novi sistem nazvan Vesical imaging reporting and data system (VI-RADS), koji se temelji na multi-parametrijskoj magnetskoj rezonanci (mpMRI) te procjenjuje vjerojatnost invazije mišića, mogao bi uvelike poboljšati dijagnozu i liječenje karcinoma mjehura.
Dipeptidyl peptidase III (DPP III, EC 3.4.14.4) is a monozinc metalloexopeptidase that hydrolyzes dipeptides from the N-terminus of peptides consisting of three or more amino acids. Recently, DPP III ...has attracted great interest from scientists, and numerous studies have been conducted showing that it is involved in the regulation of various physiological processes. Since it is the only metalloenzyme among the dipeptidyl peptidases, we considered it important to study the process of binding and exchange of physiologically relevant metal dications in DPP III. Using fluorimetry, we measured the Kd values for the binding of Zn2+, Cu2+, and Co2+ to the catalytic site, and using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), we measured the Kd values for the binding of these metals to an additional binding site. The structure of the catalytic metal’s binding site is known from previous studies, and in this work, the affinities for this site were calculated for Zn2+, Cu2+, Co2+, and Mn2+ using the QM approach. The structures of the additional binding sites for the Zn2+ and Cu2+ were also identified, and MD simulations showed that two Cu2+ ions bound to the catalytic and inhibitory sites exchanged less frequently than the Zn2+ ions bound to these sites.
