In this study, we concentrated on the microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties of precipitation hardening (PH) stainless steel 15-5PH via Selective laser melting (SLM). A large ...amount of retained austenite was observed in the as-built samples which contribute to excellent ductility. The amount of retained austenite reduced greatly after heat treatment and the remaining minor retained austenite completely transformed to martensite during tensile process. A finer grain structure and a concentration of dislocations around the inclusions and at the submicron grain boundaries following heat treatment promoted SLM 15-5PH to demonstrate a higher strength than those of wrought samples.
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Thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) and sustained-load tests were used to investigate hydrogen embrittlement (HE), hydrogen profiles and the impact of the baking delay of cadmium-plated 4340 ...steel-notched bars. The results show a tremendous concentration of hydrogen in the cadmium coatings (200 to 1500 ppma) that does not contribute to HE. Hydrogen in manganese sulfide (MnS) traps was also found not to contribute to HE. The total hydrogen concentration measured by TDS is thus not suitable to determine an embrittlement threshold. Subtracting hydrogen in cadmium and MnS traps from total hydrogen allowed finding a true critical hydrogen concentration threshold of 0.6 ppma (0.01 ppmm). No impact of the baking delay was found.
Research shows that individuals with a body mass index (BMI) over 30 have experienced an 11-fold increase in restrictive eating and a 7-fold increase in binge eating since the 1990s. Most health ...promotion programs for higher-weight individuals have not been developed with the high eating disorder risk for this population in mind. The purpose of current study was to test two hypothesized mechanisms underlying improvement in maladaptive eating patterns shown in a weight-inclusive health promotion program designed for women with BMIs at or above 30. Participants (N = 40) were primarily White (93 %), 30–45 years old (M = 39.83, SD = 4.34) with BMIs ranging from 30 to 45 kg/m2 (M = 37.42, SD = 3.58). Using the MEMORE macro, we tested a parallel mediation model hypothesizing that internalized weight stigma and intuitive eating would explain improvements on two subscales from the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18 after a 6-month program. Total effects of the program on uncontrolled (b = −3.76, SE = 0.64, p < .0001) and emotional eating (b = −1.79, SE = 0.34, p < .0001) were significant. The indirect effects (IE) of internalized weight stigma on uncontrolled eating (IE = 1.59, SE = 0.79, 95 % CI = 0.46, 3.49) and emotional eating (IE = 0.67, SE = 0.40, 95 % CI = 0.11, 1.68) were also significant. Likewise, the IEs of intuitive eating on uncontrolled eating (IE = 2.09, SE = 0.70, 95 % CI = 0.60, 3.38) and emotional eating (IE = 1.03, SE = 0.43, 95 % CI = 0.08, 1.82) were significant. These findings indicate that weight-inclusive health promotion programs that directly address weight bias and eating according to cues from the body may help higher-weight individuals improve maladaptive eating patterns via reductions in internalized weight stigma and increases in intuitive eating.
•Weight-inclusive health program reduced internalized weight stigma over six months•Weight-inclusive health program increased intuitive eating practices over six months•Reductions in internalized weight stigma decreased uncontrolled and emotional eating•Intuitive eating practices reduced uncontrolled and emotional eating•Intuitive eating and internalized weight stigma may be essential targets of intervention
Following foreign object damage (FOD), a decision to repair components using novel additive manufacturing (AM) technologies has good potential to enable cost-effective and efficient solutions for ...aircraft gas turbine engine maintenance. To implement any new technology in the gas turbine remanufacturing world, the performance of the repair must be developed and understood through careful consideration of the impact of service life-limiting factors on the structural integrity of the component. In modern gas turbine engines, high cycle fatigue (HCF) is one of the greatest causes of component failure. However, conventional uniaxial fatigue data is inadequate in representing the predominant HCF failure mode of gas turbine components that is caused by vibration. In this study, the vibratory fatigue behavior of Ti6Al4V deposited using wire-fed electron beam additive manufacturing (EBAM) was examined with the motivation of developing an advanced repair solution for fatigue critical cold-section parts, such as blades and vanes, in gas turbine engine applications. High cycle fatigue data, generated using a combination of step-testing procedure and vibration (resonance) fatigue testing, was analyzed through Dixon–Mood statistics to calculate the endurance limits and standard deviations of the EBAM and wrought Ti6Al4V materials. Also plots of stress (S) against the number of cycles to failure (N) were obtained for both materials. The average fatigue endurance limit of the EBAM Ti6Al4V was determined to be greater than the wrought counterpart. But the lower limit (95% reliability) of 426 MPa for the EBAM Ti6Al4V was lower than the value of 497 MPa determined for wrought Ti6Al4V and was attributed to the slightly higher data scatter–as reflected by the higher standard deviation–of the former material.
There is currently a lack of measures testing intraminority stress within gay men. Therefore, the current study sought to develop and psychometrically test the Gay-Specific Intraminority Stigma ...Inventory (G-SISI). Based on a content review of the literature and a panel of experts, a pool of items assessing gay men's perceived exposure to a range of discriminatory attitudes from other gay men was generated. Utilizing a randomly split sample of 1723 gay men between the ages of 19 and 79 years, an exploratory factor analysis was first performed (
= 861). The remaining unexamined data were then used to conduct a confirmatory factor analysis (
= 862). The results support a six-factor model: (1) Age Stigma, (2) Socioeconomic Stigma, (3) Gay Non-Conformity Stigma, (4) Racial Stigma, (5) Gender Expression Stigma, and (6) Body Stigma. Cronbach's alpha for the total scale was 0.90 and for the subscales ranged from 0.60 to 0.85. Sociodemographic factors and measures of community involvement were differentially associated with the G-SISI subscales, providing evidence of construct validity. The findings demonstrate initial support for the dimensionality and validity of the G-SISI, which targets modifiable factors (e.g., identity-based stigma) that may increase stress and reduce community coping resources among gay men with diverse identities.
The aerospace industry uses 200-h sustained-load test (SLT), described in ASTM F-519, to evaluate hydrogen embrittlement (HE) of their 4340 steel electroplated parts. The cadmium plating used in ...ASTM F-519 suggest that the coating density may affect HE in an important manner. Therefore, in this work, 4340 steel notched bars were plated with five different cadmium coating densities. Then, the SLT was combined with thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) to evaluate: (i) the degree of HE, and (ii) the hydrogen content of the cadmium-plated 4340 steel samples. The results show strong evidences that the major factor causing HE of cadmium-plated 4340 steel is the coating density. Moreover, an advanced analysis of TDS curves using the Hertz–Knudsen equation allows distinguishing hydrogen in steel from hydrogen in the cadmium coating. The advanced analysis also gives an estimation of the coating density, and therefore indicates if the baking will be effective at relieving embrittlement. Finally, TDS could be a good complementary tool to the SLT in evaluating HE.
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Measurements of inclusive jet suppression in heavy ion collisions at the LHC provide direct sensitivity to the physics of jet quenching. In a sample of lead–lead collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV ...corresponding to an integrated luminosity of approximately 7 μb−1, ATLAS has measured jets with a calorimeter system over the pseudorapidity interval |η|<2.1 and over the transverse momentum range 38<pT<210 GeV. Jets were reconstructed using the anti-kt algorithm with values for the distance parameter that determines the nominal jet radius of R=0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5. The centrality dependence of the jet yield is characterized by the jet “central-to-peripheral ratio,” RCP. Jet production is found to be suppressed by approximately a factor of two in the 10% most central collisions relative to peripheral collisions. RCP varies smoothly with centrality as characterized by the number of participating nucleons. The observed suppression is only weakly dependent on jet radius and transverse momentum. These results provide the first direct measurement of inclusive jet suppression in heavy ion collisions and complement previous measurements of dijet transverse energy imbalance at the LHC.
Measurements are presented of production properties and couplings of the recently discovered Higgs boson using the decays into boson pairs, H→γγ, H→ZZ⁎→4ℓ and H→WW⁎→ℓνℓν. The results are based on the ...complete pp collision data sample recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider at centre-of-mass energies of s=7 TeV and s=8 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 25 fb−1. Evidence for Higgs boson production through vector-boson fusion is reported. Results of combined fits probing Higgs boson couplings to fermions and bosons, as well as anomalous contributions to loop-induced production and decay modes, are presented. All measurements are consistent with expectations for the Standard Model Higgs boson.
In this paper, the microstructure, and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V fabricated through Laser Directed Energy Deposition (L-DED) process are investigated and discussed. Deposited coupons were ...produced on Ti-6Al-4V wrought substrate using Ti-6Al-4V ELI grade wire with the laser wire deposition (LWD) process. Characterization efforts led to the evaluation of the microstructure, hardness, tensile behavior, and fatigue crack growth resistance of the build-up alloy. Microstructure of the deposit consists of columnar prior β grains and basket-weave α/β phase mixture. The size of the alpha laths is measured as 1.2 ± 0.3 µm and 0.8 ± 0.2 µm in the banded zone and band-free zone, respectively. Hardness of the deposited block is found to be uniform and ranging between 321 and 323 Hv. Tensile and fatigue crack growth properties of the deposited block were evaluated in various orientations. Tensile specimens loaded in the deposition direction exhibited 824 MPa and 930 MPa for yield and ultimate tensile strength, respectively. Tensile specimens loaded in the build direction exhibited 782 MPa and 907 MPa for yield and ultimate tensile strength, respectively. The analysis reveal that the tensile properties of the deposited material match the strength requirements for ASTM F1108 Cast Ti-6Al-4V. However, they fell just below the AMS 4911P Wrought Ti-6Al-4V standard. Fatigue Crack Growth Rate tests were conducted for three directions: parallel to the deposition direction, parallel to the build direction and at 45° of the deposition direction. No significant differences in crack growth properties were observed between the different orientations with average crack initiation near threshold (ΔKth) and the fracture toughness (Kc) value of 3.6 MPa√m and 69 MPa√m, respectively. The crack propagation properties are similar to cast & wrought materials.
A combined search for the Standard Model Higgs boson with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC using datasets corresponding to integrated luminosities from 1.04 fb−1 to 4.9 fb−1 of pp collisions collected ...at s=7 TeV is presented. The Higgs boson mass ranges 112.9–115.5 GeV, 131–238 GeV and 251–466 GeV are excluded at the 95% confidence level (CL), while the range 124–519 GeV is expected to be excluded in the absence of a signal. An excess of events is observed around mH∼126 GeV with a local significance of 3.5 standard deviations (σ). The local significances of H→γγ, H→ZZ(⁎)→ℓ+ℓ−ℓ′+ℓ′− and H→WW(⁎)→ℓ+νℓ′−ν¯, the three most sensitive channels in this mass range, are 2.8σ, 2.1σ and 1.4σ, respectively. The global probability for the background to produce such a fluctuation anywhere in the explored Higgs boson mass range 110–600 GeV is estimated to be ∼1.4% or, equivalently, 2.2σ.
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