Clear and concisely written, this series provides comprehensive insight into linguistic interrelationships. Each volume addresses a different linguistic phenomenon, rather than being devoted to a ...specific subfield. Beyond providing systematic descriptions, the series addresses historical as well as social language configurations, normative public opinion, and the significance of linguistic phenomena in key domains of knowledge and human activity. Intended not just for students and scholars of linguistics, the handbooks are also directed at interested academics from other disciplines, furnishing a sound understanding of the field. HSW 1 - Ekkehard Felder/Andreas Gardt: Handbuch Sprache und Wissen Handbook of Language and KnowledgeHSW 2 - Ulrike Domahs/Beatrice Primus: Handbuch Laut - Gebärde - Buchstabe Handbook of Sounds, Signs, and LettersHSW 3 - Ulrike Haß/Petra Storjohann: Handbuch Wort und Wortschatz Handbook of Words and LexiconHSW 4 - Christa Du¨rscheid/Jan Georg Schneider: Handbuch Satz - Äußerung - Schema Handbook of Sentences, Utterances, and SchemataHSW 5 - Karin Birkner/Nina Janich: Handbuch Text und Gespräch Handbook of Text and ConversationHSW 6 - Ingo Warnke: Handbuch Diskurs Handbook of DiscourseHSW 7 - Nina-Maria Klug/Hartmut Stöckl: Handbuch Sprache im multimodalen Kontext Handbook of Language in Multimodal ContextsHSW 8 - Jochen A. Bär/Anja Lobenstein-Reichmann/Jörg Riecke: Handbuch Sprache in der Geschichte Handbook of Language in HistoryHSW 9 - Eva Neuland/Peter Schlobinski: Handbuch Sprache in sozialen Gruppen Handbook of Language in Social GroupsHSW 10 - Gerd Antos/Thomas Niehr/Ju¨rgen Spitzmu¨ller: Handbuch Sprache im Urteil der Öffentlichkeit Handbook of Language Evaluation in the Public SphereHSW 11 - Albert Busch/Thomas Spranz-Fogasy: Handbuch Sprache in der Medizin Handbook of Language in MedicineHSW 12 - Ekkehard Felder/Friedemann Vogel: Handbuch Sprache im Recht Handbook of Language in LawHSW 13 - Markus Hundt/Dorota Biadala: Handbuch Sprache in der Wirtschaft Handbook of Language in EconomicsHSW 14 - Stephan Habscheid/Andreas P. Mu¨ller/Britta Thörle/Antje Wilton: Handbuch Sprache in Organisationen Handbook of Language in OrganizationsHSW 15 - Vahram Atayan/Thomas Metten/Vasco Alexander Schmidt: Handbuch Sprache in Mathematik, Naturwissenschaften und Technik Handbook of Language in Mathematics, Natural Sciences, and EngineeringHSW 16 - Heiko Hausendorf/Marcus Mu¨ller: Handbuch Sprache in der Kunstkommunikation Handbook of Language in Art CommunicationHSW 17 - Anne Betten/Ulla Fix/Berbeli Wanning: Handbuch Sprache in der LiteraturHandbook of Language in LiteratureHSW 18 - Alexander Lasch/Wolf-Andreas Liebert: Handbuch Sprache und Religion Handbook of Language and ReligionHSW 19 - Kersten Sven Roth/Martin Wengeler/Alexander Ziem: Handbuch Sprache in Politik und GesellschaftHandbook of Language in Politics and SocietyHSW 20 - Beatrix Busse/Ingo H. Warnke: Handbuch Sprache im urbanen Raum Handbook of Language in Urban SpacesHSW 21 - Jörg Kilian/Birgit Brouër/Dina Lu¨ttenberg: Handbuch Sprache in der Bildung Handbook of Language in Education
Multifragmentation of a "fused system" was observed for central collisions between 32 MeV/nucleon 129Xe and (nat)Sn. Most of the resulting charged products were well identified due to the high ...performances of the INDRA 4pi array. Experimental higher-order charge correlations for fragments show a weak but nonambiguous enhancement of events with nearly equal-sized fragments. Supported by dynamical calculations in which spinodal decomposition is simulated, this observed enhancement is interpreted as a "fossil" signal of spinodal instabilities in finite nuclear systems.
The properties of fragments and light charged particles emitted in multifragmentation of single sources formed in central 36
A
MeV Gd+U collisions are reviewed. Most of the products are ...isotropically distributed in the reaction c.m. Fragment kinetic energies reveal the onset of radial collective energy. A bulk effect is experimentally evidenced from the similarity of the charge distribution with that from the lighter 32
A
MeV Xe+Sn system. Spinodal decomposition of finite nuclear matter exhibits the same property in simulated central collisions for the two systems, and appears therefore as a possible mechanism at the origin of multifragmentation in this incident energy domain.
The influence of the entrance channel mass asymmetry upon the fragmentation process is addressed by studying heavy-ion induced reactions around the Fermi energy. The data have been recorded with the ...INDRA 4π array. An event selection method called the Principal Component Analysis is presented and discussed. It is applied for the selection of central events and furthermore to multifragmentation of single source events. The selected subsets of data are compared to the Statistical Multifragmentation Model (SMM) to check the equilibrium hypothesis and get the source characteristics. Experimental comparisons show the evidence of a decoupling between thermal and compressional (radial flow) component of the excitation energy stored in such nuclear systems.
The 4π array INDRA was used to detect nearly all charged products emitted in Ar + Ni collisions between 52 and 95 MeV/u. The charge, mass and excitation energy
E
∗
of the quasi-projectiles have been ...reconstructed event by event. Excitation energies up to 25 MeV per nucleon are reached. Apparent temperatures obtained from several double isotopic yield ratios
Tr
0 show different dependences upon
E
∗
.
T
6
Li
7
Li
3
Heα
0 yields the highest values, as well as the high energy slopes
Ts of the kinetic energy spectra. Two statistical models, sequential evaporation and gas in complete equilibrium, taking into account side feeding and discrete excited states population, show that the data can be explained by a steady increase of the initial temperature with excitation energy without evidence for a liquid-gas phase transition.
The INDRA multidetector has been used to study multifragmentation processes in central collisions for the Xe + Sn reaction at 50
A MeV. A single isotropic source formed at an excitation energy of 12
...A MeV exhausting most of the emitted charged products has been isolated in such collisions. The fragment kinetic energy spectra indicate a fast disintegration of the system with a radial collective motion of about 2
A MeV. The light charged particle characteristics within this scenario are also discussed.
A sample of ‘single-source’ events, compatible with the multifragmentation of very heavy fused systems, are isolated among well-measured
155Gd
+
natU 36
A
MeV reactions by examining the evolution of ...the kinematics of fragments with
Z⩾5 as a function of the dissipated energy and loss of memory of the entrance channel. Single-source events are found to be the result of very central collisions. Such central collisions may also lead to multiple fragment emission due to the decay of excited projectile- and target-like nuclei and so-called ‘neck’ emission, and for this reason the isolation of single-source events is very difficult. Event-selection criteria based on centrality of collisions, or on the isotropy of the emitted fragments in each event, are found to be inefficient to separate the two mechanisms, unless they take into account the redistribution of fragments' kinetic energies into directions perpendicular to the beam axis. The selected events are good candidates to look for bulk effects in the multifragmentation process.
A simple formalism describing the light response of CsI(Tl) to heavy ions, which quantifies the luminescence and the quenching in terms of the competition between radiative transitions following the ...carrier trapping at the Tl activator sites and the electron–hole recombination, is proposed. The effect of the δ-rays on the scintillation efficiency is for the first time quantitatively included in a fully consistent way. The light output expression depends on four parameters determined by a procedure of global fit to experimental data.
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