Summary
The concept of intensity‐based assessment for risk‐based decision‐making is introduced. It is realized by means of the so‐called 3R method (response analysis, record selection and risk‐based ...decision‐making), which can be used to check the adequacy of design of a new building or of the strengthening of an existing building by performing conventional pushover analysis and dynamic analysis for only a few ground motions, which are termed characteristic ground motions. Because the objective of the method is not a precise assessment of the seismic risk, a simple decision model for risk acceptability can be introduced. The engineer can decide that the reliability of a no‐collapse requirement is sufficient when collapse is observed in the case of less than half of, for example, seven characteristic ground motions. From the theoretical point of view, it is shown that the accuracy of the method is acceptable if the non‐linear response history analyses are performed at a low percentile of limit‐state intensity, which is also proven by means of several examples of multi‐storey reinforced concrete frame buildings. The 3R method represents a compromise between the exclusive use of either pushover analysis or dynamic analysis and can be easily introduced into building codes provided that its applicability is further investigated (e.g. asymmetric structures and other performance objectives) and that the procedure for the selection of characteristic ground motions is automated and readily available to engineers (www.smartengineering.si).
•A web-based system (CGMapp) for the selection of characteristic ground motions (CGMs) is introduced.•CGMs are risk-targeted, hazard-consistent and structure-specific ground motions.•CGMapp ...facilitates the use of nonlinear dynamic analysis in earthquake engineering.•CGMapp is a research tool which can be further developed aimed at extending its possibilities for ground motion selection.
In the paper a web-based system CGMapp for the selection of characteristic ground motions is presented. It performs the selection of ground motions according to the conditional spectrum approach by considering the old PEER and RESORCE databases, and refines this selection by making use of nonlinear dynamic analyses of a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) model, so that seven characteristic ground motions are obtained. They can be understood as risk-targeted, hazard-consistent, and structure-specific ground motions, which can be used within the scope of the 3R method (Record selection, Response analysis and Risk-based decision making) in order to make decisions about the collapse safety of symmetric buildings, by performing only a few nonlinear response history analyses. It was shown by the proposed web-based system that the automation of the selection of the characteristic ground motions is possible through the internet. Thus, the use of the 3R method becomes trivial, so that the researcher will have the possibility to test the method, which will help to better understand the range of applicability of the proposed 3R method. In the paper, the background of CGMapp is first explained. This is followed by a demonstration of the use of the presented web-based system for the selection of characteristic ground motions in the assessment of the collapse safety of an 8-storey reinforced concrete dual structure. Although only seven nonlinear dynamic analyses were performed using characteristic ground motions, it is shown that the decision about collapse safety was the same as that obtained on the basis of incremental dynamic analysis, which requires hundreds of simulations. Finally, it is also shown that the web-based system can be used as a research tool, in order to obtain a better understanding of the impact of the uncertainty of the selection of ground motions on decision-making in earthquake engineering.
A software tool, known as a PBEE toolbox, for the seismic performance assessment of buildings, which was developed in Matlab in conjunction with the software framework OpenSees, and a web application ...for the prediction of approximate IDA curves are presented in this chapter. Although, in its present version, the PBEE toolbox supports only simple nonlinear models, its capabilities exceed usual software tools for computational simulation, since it enables seismic performance assessment of buildings with various procedures and adopts an open-source philosophy so that it can be easily extended or modified to suit specific user requirements. The capabilities of the PBEE toolbox and the web application, which involves the response database of a single-degree-of-freedom system with a quadrilateral force-displacement relationship, are demonstrated by means of an assessment of the seismic response parameters of an eight-storey reinforced concrete frame, using incremental dynamic analysis, progressive incremental dynamic analysis, approximate incremental dynamic analysis, and the N2 method. It is shown that, for the case of the presented example, all the methods produce similar results, although each method has some advantages and some disadvantages.
Bing Chat is a large language model artificial intelligence (AI) with online search and text generating capabilities. This study assessed its performance within the scope of dentistry in: (a) ...tackling exam questions for dental students, (ii) providing guidelines for dental practitioners, and (iii) answering patients’ frequently asked questions. We discuss the potential of clinical tutoring, common patient communication and impact on academia.
With the aim of assessing AI's performance in dental exams, Bing Chat was presented with 532 multiple-choice questions and awarded scores based on its answers. In evaluating guidelines for clinicians, a further set of 15 questions, each with 2 follow-up questions on clinical protocols, was presented to the AI. The answers were assessed by 4 reviewers using electronic visual analog scale. In evaluating answers to patients’ frequently asked questions, another list of 15 common questions was included in the session, with respective outputs assessed.
Bing Chat correctly answered 383 out of 532 multiple-choice questions in dental exam part, achieving a score of 71.99 %. As for outlining clinical protocols for practitioners, the overall assessment score was 81.05 %. In answering patients’ frequently asked questions, Bing Chat achieved an overall mean score of 83.8 %. The assessments demonstrated low inter-rater reliability.
The overall performance of Bing Chat was above the regularly adopted passing scores, particularly in answering patient's frequently asked questions. The generated content may have biased sources. These results suggest the importance of raising clinicians’ awareness of AI's benefits and risks, as well as timely adaptations of dental education curricula, and safeguarding its use in dentistry and healthcare in general.
Bing Chat AI performed above the passing threshold in three categories, and thus demonstrated potential for educational assistance, clinical tutoring, and answering patients’ questions. We recommend popularizing its benefits and risks among students and clinicians, while maintaining awareness of possible false information.
The binding of four phenanthridine-guanidine peptides to DNA/RNA was evaluated via spectrophotometric/microcalorimetric methods and computations. The minor structural modifications-the type of the ...guanidine group (pyrrole guanidine (GCP) and arginine) and the linker length (presence or absence of glycine)-greatly affected the conformation of compounds and consequently the binding to double- (ds-) and single-stranded (ss-) polynucleotides. GCP peptide with shorter linker was able to distinguish between RNA (A-helix) and DNA (B-helix) by different circular dichroism response at 295 nm and thus can be used as a chiral probe. Opposed to the dominant stretched conformation of GCP peptide with shorter linker, the more flexible and longer linker of its analogue enabled the molecule to adopt the intramolecularly stacked form which resulted in weaker yet selective binding to DNA. Beside efficient organization of ss-polynucleotide structures, GCP peptide with shorter linker bound stronger to ss-DNA/RNA compared to arginine peptides which emphasize the importance of GCP unit.
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Excessive gingival display (EGD) is a condition in which an overexposure of the maxillary gingiva (>3 mm) is present during smiling. The proper diagnosis and determination of its etiology are ...essential for the selection of the right treatment modality. Different techniques have been used in cases of hyperactive upper lip: botulinum toxin injections, lip elongations with rhinoplasties, lip muscle detachments, myotomies, and lip repositions. This report presents a case of a young woman with an EGD larger than 10 mm during smiling caused by altered passive eruption, vertical maxillary excess, and a hyperactive upper lip that was treated with a modified lip repositioning technique and laser gingivectomy because she strongly refused orthognathic surgical treatment. A novel addition to the technique is proposed, a reversible trial accomplished just by applying sutures on the borders of the future split-thickness flap, marked using diode laser, before starting the flap incision.
Introduction:
We present a case of an extensive endometriosis involving left paracolpium and left parametrium, rectovaginal septum, urinary bladder, left interiliac region between artery and vein, ...left ureter and rectum, presenting as dysmenorrhoea, alternating bouts of diarrhea and constipation and hydronephrosis.
Methods:
Laparoscopic surgery made by a multidisciplinary team consist of gynecologic, abdominal surgeon and urologist.
Results:
Successfully managed deep infiltrated endometriosis.
Conclusion:
The aim of this report is to demonstrate benefit of one-stage, minimally invasive radical surgical procedure performed in a tertiary referral center. To the best of our knowledge, this report presents an extremely complex case because we successfully managed deep infiltrating endometriosis in three different organ systems at the same time, using minimally invasive nerve-sparing technique. A case with the same constellation has not been published yet since reported cases of extrapelvic endometriosis chiefly address one organ system involvement.
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