Thermogenic brown and beige adipose tissues dissipate chemical energy as heat, and their thermogenic activities can combat obesity and diabetes. Herein the functional adaptations to cold of brown and ...beige adipose depots are examined using quantitative mitochondrial proteomics. We identify arginine/creatine metabolism as a beige adipose signature and demonstrate that creatine enhances respiration in beige-fat mitochondria when ADP is limiting. In murine beige fat, cold exposure stimulates mitochondrial creatine kinase activity and induces coordinated expression of genes associated with creatine metabolism. Pharmacological reduction of creatine levels decreases whole-body energy expenditure after administration of a β3-agonist and reduces beige and brown adipose metabolic rate. Genes of creatine metabolism are compensatorily induced when UCP1-dependent thermogenesis is ablated, and creatine reduction in Ucp1-deficient mice reduces core body temperature. These findings link a futile cycle of creatine metabolism to adipose tissue energy expenditure and thermal homeostasis.
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•Quantitative proteomics identifies a creatine enzyme signature in beige fat•Creatine-driven substrate cycling enhances beige-fat mitochondrial respiration•Genes and proteins of creatine metabolism exhibit a reciprocal relationship with Ucp1•Creatine reduction decreases energy expenditure in mice and human brown adipocytes
Beige fat uses creatine to dissipate energy and stimulate mitochondrial ATP demand, thereby promoting cold adaptation.
Book reviews Xhudo, Gus; Calvert, Peter; Bruce, Steve ...
Terrorism and Political Violence,
19/6/1/, Letnik:
7, Številka:
2
Book Review
Recenzirano
Conflict Studies Research Centre, Instabilities in Post-Communist Europe 1994,
Portsmouth, UK: Carmichael & Sweet, 1994. ISBN 0-951-728-369.
Forrest D. Colburn, The Vogue of Revolution in Poor ...Countries,
Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994. Pp.x + 135, 15 half-tone illus, biblio, index. $19.95/£14.50. ISBN 0-691-03676-4.
Richard Davis, Mirror Hate: The Convergence of Northern Ireland Paramilitaries, 1966-1992.
Aldershot, UK: Dartmouth, 1994. Pp. 345, biblio, index, £37.50. ISBN 1-85521-558-6.
John Simpson, In the Forests of the Night.
Arrow Books, Random House, 1994. pp.307, 8 pp. photos, biblio, index. £6.99 (paperback). ISBN 0-09-9 271818.
Frederic S. Pearson, The Global Spread of Arms: Political Economy of International Security.
Boulder, San Francisco, and Oxford: Westview Press, 1994. Pp. xiii + 161, 9 tables, 11 boxes, 4 figures, 5 cartoons, 2 photos, glossary biblio, index. £37 (cloth); £9 (paperback). ISBN 0-8133-1573-5 and 1574-3.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease of the motor nervous system. We show using multielectrode array and patch-clamp recordings that hyperexcitability detected by ...clinical neurophysiological studies of ALS patients is recapitulated in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived motor neurons from ALS patients harboring superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), C9orf72, and fused-in-sarcoma mutations. Motor neurons produced from a genetically corrected but otherwise isogenic SOD1(+/+) stem cell line do not display the hyperexcitability phenotype. SOD1(A4V/+) ALS patient-derived motor neurons have reduced delayed-rectifier potassium current amplitudes relative to control-derived motor neurons, a deficit that may underlie their hyperexcitability. The Kv7 channel activator retigabine both blocks the hyperexcitability and improves motor neuron survival in vitro when tested in SOD1 mutant ALS cases. Therefore, electrophysiological characterization of human stem cell-derived neurons can reveal disease-related mechanisms and identify therapeutic candidates.
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