Introduction La non-adhésion diminue largement l’efficacité des antidépresseurs 1,2 , dont la représentation évolue dans un contexte particulièrement défiant et médiatiquement tendu. Objectif ...L’objectif de cette étude est de : – évaluer l’adhésion aux antidépresseurs chez des patients hospitalisés pour épisode dépressif majeur ; – explorer les représentations que les patients ont des antidépresseurs et de la dépression, ainsi que la perception de la stigmatisation aux troubles mentaux ; – analyser la relation entre les attitudes face aux antidépresseurs et des paramètres sociodémographiques et cliniques. Méthode L’adhérence était évaluée chez 40 patients en utilisant la version courte du Drug Attitude Inventory (DAI-10), complétée par un questionnaire mesurant les connaissances, craintes, impact des média et stigmatisation liés aux antidépresseurs. Des entretiens d’investigation étaient ensuite menés à l’aide de celui-ci. Résultats L’âge moyen de l’échantillon est de 43 ans, dont 27 % d’homme. Il s’agit d’un premier épisode pour 40 % des patients. La médiane du DAI est de 3,5 (échelle de −10 à +10), et 30 % des patients ne sont pas adhérents. Les hommes de l’échantillon ont une plus mauvaise représentation des antidépresseurs (−2 VS 4 ; U de Mann-Whitney = 90,50 ; p = 0,0035). Soixante-dix pour cent des patients ont des craintes par rapport à leur antidépresseur (prise de poids et dépendance au premier rang). Vingt pour cent des patients n’ont pas dit à leur entourage qu’ils prenaient des médicaments contre la dépression. Discussion Une intervention à de multiples niveaux pourrait augmenter les connaissances des patients ainsi que de l’opinion publique 3 . Une collaboration spécifique entre journalistes et psychiatres permettrait une meilleure connaissance et une diffusion plus représentative des enjeux de santé mentale dans les média 4 . Des actions de santé publique et initiatives citoyennes pourraient aussi être profitables aux patients. Conclusion L’adhérence aux antidépresseurs peut largement être améliorée, la stigmatisation restant une barrière aux traitements et à la prise en charge.
In this article, we study tests of independence for data with arbitrary distributions in the non-serial case, i.e., for independent and identically distributed random vectors, as well as in the ...serial case, i.e., for time series. These tests are derived from copula-based covariances and their multivariate extensions using Möbius transforms. We find the asymptotic distributions of these statistics under the null hypothesis of independence or randomness, as well as under contiguous alternatives. This enables us to find out locally most powerful test statistics for some alternatives, whatever the margins. Numerical experiments are performed for Wald’s type combinations of these statistics to assess the finite sample performance.
The need to safeguard and preserve Cultural Heritage (CH) is increasing and especially in Italy, where the amount of historical buildings is considerable, having efficient and standardized processes ...of CH management and conservation becomes strategic. At the time being, there are no tools capable of fulfilling all the specific functions required by Cultural Heritage documentation and, due to the complexity of historical assets, there are no solution as flexible and customizable as CH specific needs require. Nevertheless, BIM methodology can represent the most effective solution, on condition that proper methodologies, tools and functions are made available. The paper describes an ongoing research on the implementation of a Historical BIM system for the Parma cathedral, aimed at the maintenance, conservation and restoration. Its main goal was to give a concrete answer to the lack of specific tools required by Cultural Heritage documentation: organized and coordinated storage and management of historical data, easy analysis and query, time management, 3D modelling of irregular shapes, flexibility, user-friendliness, etc. The paper will describe the project and the implemented methodology, focusing mainly on survey and modelling phases. In describing the methodology, critical issues about the creation of a HBIM will be highlighted, trying to outline a workflow applicable also in other similar contexts.
We report on the generation of indistinguishable photon pairs at telecom wavelengths based on a type-II parametric down conversion process in a periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate (PPKTP) ...crystal. The phase matching, pump laser characteristics and coupling geometry are optimised to obtain spectrally uncorrelated photons with high coupling efficiencies. Four photons are generated by a counter-propagating pump in the same crystal and anlysed via two photon interference experiments between photons from each pair source as well as joint spectral and g((2)) measurements. We obtain a spectral purity of 0.91 and coupling efficiencies around 90% for all four photons without any filtering. These pure indistinguishable photon sources at telecom wavelengths are perfectly adapted for quantum network demonstrations and other multi-photon protocols.
Novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of sepsis-associated acute kidney injury and its long-term outcomes have been required and remain a challenge in critical care medicine. Therapeutic ...strategies using lipid mediators, such as aspirin-triggered resolvin D1 (ATRvD1), can contribute to the resolution of acute and chronic inflammation. In this study, we examined the potential effect of ATRvD1 on long-term kidney dysfunction after severe sepsis. Fifteen days after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), sepsis-surviving BALB/c mice were subjected to a tubulointerstitial injury through intraperitoneal injections of bovine serum albumin (BSA) for 7 days, called the subclinical acute kidney injury (subAKI) animal model. ATRvD1 treatment was performed right before BSA injections. On day 22 after CLP, the urinary protein/creatinine ratio (UPC), histologic parameters, fibrosis, cellular infiltration, apoptosis, inflammatory markers levels, and mRNA expression were determined. ATRvD1 treatment mitigated tubulointerstitial injury by reducing proteinuria excretion, the UPC ratio, the glomerular cell number, and extracellular matrix deposition. Pro-fibrotic markers, such as transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), type 3 collagen, and metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 and -9 were reduced after ATRvD1 administration. Post-septic mice treated with ATRvD1 were protected from the recruitment of IBA1
cells. The interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels were increased in the subAKI animal model, being attenuated by ATRvD1. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-10, and IL-4 mRNA expression were increased in the kidney of BSA-challenged post-septic mice, and it was also reduced after ATRvD1. These results suggest that ATRvD1 protects the kidney against a second insult such as BSA-induced tubulointerstitial injury and fibrosis by suppressing inflammatory and pro-fibrotic mediators in renal dysfunction after sepsis.
In this paper, we propose an intuitive way to couple several dynamic time series models even when there are no innovations. This extends previous work for modeling dependence between innovations of ...stochastic volatility models. We consider time-dependent and time-independent copula models and we study the asymptotic behavior of some empirical processes constructed from pseudo-observations, as well as the behavior of maximum pseudo-likelihood estimators of the associated copula parameters. The results show that even if the univariate dynamic models depend on unknown parameters, the limiting behavior of many processes of interest does not depend on the estimation errors. One can perform tests for change points on the full distribution, the margins or the copula, as if the parameters of the dynamic models were known. This is also true for some parametric models of time-dependent copulas. This interesting property makes it possible to construct consistent tests of specification for the dependence models, without having to consider the dynamic time series models. Monte Carlo simulations are used to demonstrate the power of the proposed goodness-of-fit test in finite samples. An application to financial data is given.
We have studied the giant elastocaloric effect of directionally solidified Ni–Mn–In magnetic shape memory alloys (MSMAs) near room temperature. The textured microstructure significantly enhances the ...ductility of Ni–Mn-based MSMAs, which allows obtaining the martensitic transition characteristics of polycrystalline samples in a uniaxial stress field. A significant cooling level of about 4K is measured when the stress is released. The experimentally measured temperature changes are found to be in good agreement with the theoretically calculated values.
A Conversation with Don Dawson Nasri, Bouchra R.; Rémillard, Bruno N.; Szyszkowicz, Barbara ...
Statistical science,
11/2021, Letnik:
36, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Donald Andrew Dawson (Don Dawson) was born in 1937. He received a bachelor's degree in 1958 and a master's degree in 1959 from McGill University and a Ph.D. in 1963 from M.I.T. under the supervision ...of Henry P. McKean, Jr. Following an appointment at McGill University as professor for 7 years, he joined Carleton University in 1970 where he remained for the rest of his career. Among his many contributions to the theory of stochastic processes, his work leading to the creation of the Dawson–Watanabe superprocess and the analysis of its remarkable properties in describing the evolution in space and time of populations, stand out as milestones of modern probability theory. His numerous papers span the whole gamut of contemporary hot areas, notably the study of stochastic evolution equations, measure-valued processes, McKean–Vlasov limits, hierarchical structures, super-Brownian motion, as well as branching, catalytic and historical processes. He has over 200 refereed publications and 8 monographs, with an impressive number of citations, more than 7000. He is elected Fellow of the Royal Society and of the Royal Society of Canada, as well as Gold medalist of the Statistical Society of Canada and elected Fellow of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics. We realized this interview to celebrate the outstanding contribution of Don Dawson to 50 years of Stochastics at Carleton University.
•Introduce a new time-dependent UAV heterogeneous fleet routing problem.•Consider several objective functions and respect drones operational requirements.•Design a MILP model in order to find sets of ...non-dominated solutions.•Consider a model able to tackle multi-layer scenarios with package exchanging points.•Integrate UAV into the new concepts of mini/microgrid systems inside smart cities.
This paper introduces an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) heterogeneous fleet routing problem, dealing with vehicles limited autonomy by considering multiple charging stations and respecting operational requirements. A green routing problem is designed for overcoming difficulties that exist as a result of limited vehicle driving range. Due to the large amount of drones emerging in the society, UAVs use and efficiency should be optimized. In particular, these kinds of vehicles have been recently used for delivering and collecting products. Here, we design a new real-time routing problem, in which different types of drones can collect and deliver packages. These aerial vehicles are able to collect more than one deliverable at the same time if it fits their maximum capacity. Inspired by a multi-criteria view of real systems, seven different objective functions are considered and sought to be minimized using a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model solved by a matheuristic algorithm. The latter filters the non-dominated solutions from the pool of solutions found in the branch-and-bound optimization tree, using a black-box dynamic search algorithm. A case of study, considering a bi-layer scenario, is presented in order to validate the proposal, which showed to be able to provide good quality solutions for supporting decision making.
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