Background & Aims One-year survival in cirrhosis ranges from 1 to 57% depending on the clinical stage. Accurate sub-classification has important prognostic implications but there is no stage beyond ...cirrhosis using current qualitative histological systems. We compared the performance of all histological semi-quantitative and quantitative methods specifically developed for sub-classifying cirrhosis that have been described to date, with collagen proportionate area (CPA), to evaluate how well they distinguish patients with and without hepatic clinical decompensation at presentation, and in predicting future decompensating events. Methods We included consecutive patients with a histological diagnosis of cirrhosis that had a suitable liver biopsy between 2003 and 2007. We used semi-quantitative histological scoring systems proposed by Laennec, Kumar, and Nagula. We also measured quantitatively nodule size, septal width and fibrous tissue expressed in CPA. Results Sixty-nine patients, mean age 52.3 ± 11 years, mean MELD 11.8 ± 5.8, median follow-up 56 months. Main aetiologies were alcohol (38%) and hepatitis C (27.5%). Twenty-four patients (34.8%) had had a previous episode of clinical decompensation. Amongst the 45 patients who were compensated, 11 (24%) decompensated on follow-up. In Cox regression, amongst all histological parameters, CPA was the only variable independently associated with clinical decompensation up to the time of biopsy, with an odds ratio that ranged from 1.245 to 1.292. Furthermore, only CPA was significantly associated with future decompensation (OR: 1.117, 95% CI 1.020–1.223; p = 0.017). Conclusions Cirrhosis can be accurately sub-classified using quantification of fibrosis with CPA, and furthermore CPA is the only independent predictor of clinical decompensation amongst all other histological sub-classification systems described to date.
Allium subhirsutum, known as hairy garlic, is a bulbous plant widespread in the Mediterranean area and locally used as a food and spice. In the present study, the chemical profile of the ethanolic ...extracts from bulbs (BE) and aerial parts (APE) were analyzed by HPLC-ESI-MSn, and antioxidant properties were evaluated by DPPH, ABTS and TEAC assays. The traditional use in the diet, and the well documented biological activity of Allium species suggest a potential as a new nutraceutical. For this reason, the potential usefulness of this food can be considered in the treatment and prevention of degenerative Alzheimer disease. For this reason, acetylcholinesterase inhibitory property was investigated. Furthermore, due to the observed presence of sulfur-containing and phenolic constituents, the cytotoxicity on tumor cells line was investigated. Results revealed significant AChE inhibitory activity for BE and APE. Both extracts exhibited also moderate antioxidant properties in the in vitro assays. Finally, limited cytotoxic activity was observed towards Human colon carcinoma and adenocarcinoma cell line, with differences between the individual parts tested. HPLC-ESI-MSn analysis showed that hairy garlic is a good source of sulphur compounds, flavonoids and phenylpropanoids derivatives, thus being a valid alternative to the common garlic (A. sativum). This work opens new opportunities for the application of A. subhirsutum as a health-promoting food.
Fassan M, Mastracci L, Grillo F, Zagonel V, Bruno S, Battaglia G, Pitto F, Nitti D, Celiento T, Zaninotto G, Fiocca R & Rugge M (2012) Histopathology 61, 769–776
Early HER2 dysregulation in gastric ...and oesophageal carcinogenesis
Aims: To explore human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status in the histological phenotypes metaplasia, intraepithelial neoplasia (IEN, i.e. dysplasia), and adenocarcinoma involved in the morphogenesis of both intestinal‐type gastric cancer (GC) and Barrett’s adenocarcinoma (BAc).
Methods and results: A consecutive series of 275 samples of stomach and oesophagus tissue (representing the whole spectrum of the phenotypic changes involved in gastric and Barrett’s carcinogenesis) was studied. HER2 status was assessed by applying two immunohistochemistry (IHC) protocols, using the antibodies 4B5 and CB11. Dual‐colour silver chromogenic in‐situ hybridization (SISH) was also performed on the same tissue samples. In both oesophageal and gastric samples, the rate of HER2 overexpression rose significantly from low‐grade to high‐grade IEN to adenocarcinoma (P < 0.001), with the two IHC protocols showing consistent staining (consistency 95%; k = 0.78; P < 0.001). Intratumour heterogeneity was documented in both GC and BAc (using both IHC protocols). The rate of HER2 amplification (using SISH) increased significantly along with IEN dedifferentiation (P < 0.001). Neither native nor metaplastic mucosa samples (obtained from either stomach or oesophagus) ever showed HER2 amplification. There was excellent agreement between HER2 amplification and protein overexpression (both IHC protocols: SISH/4B5––consistency 97.8%, k = 0.89, P < 0.001; SISH/CB11—consistency 97.8%, k = 0.91, P < 0.001).
Conclusions: There is early involvement of HER2 dysregulation (amplification and protein overexpression) in both gastric (intestinal‐type) and Barrett’s oncogenesis.
Pembrolizumab has received approval as a first-line treatment for unresectable/metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) with a PD-L1 combined positive score (CPS) of ≥ 10. However, assessing ...CPS in mTNBC poses challenges. Firstly, it represents a novel analysis for breast pathologists. Secondly, the heterogeneity of PD-L1 expression in mTNBC further complicates the assessment. Lastly, the lack of standardized assays and staining platforms adds to the complexity. In KEYNOTE trials, PD-L1 expression was evaluated using the IHC 22C3 pharmDx kit as a companion diagnostic test. However, both the 22C3 pharmDx and VENTANA PD-L1 (SP263) assays are validated for CPS assessment. Consequently, assay-platform choice, staining conditions, and scoring methods can significantly impact the testing outcomes. This consensus paper aims to discuss the intricacies of PD-L1 CPS testing in mTNBC and provide practical recommendations for pathologists. Additionally, we present findings from a nationwide Italian survey elucidating the state-of-the-art in PD-L1 CPS testing in mTNBC.
Display omitted
•Breast pathologists face challenges in determining PD-L1 CPS score.•Lack of standardization across assays/staining platforms for PD-L1 CPS.•Validation and harmonization of the PD-L1 assays is crucial for consistent results.•Digital pathology may be of help, providing guidelines.•Infrastructures are present but challenges persist: harmonization, training.
Background
Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has become the standard in breast cancer staging, but it is costly and time‐consuming. Fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) under ultrasonographic ...guidance identifies patients who need axillary lymph‐node dissection (ALND), thus reducing costs. As an alternative to frozen sections (FS), intraoperative scrape cytology (ISC) for SLNB is an inexpensive, rapid, accurate and safe technique. We evaluated the synergy of FNAC and SLNB in determining the axillary burden and the performance of the ISC method.
Methods
Over a nine‐year period, 894 breast cancer patients were analyzed. Of these, 439 patients with echographic suspicious nodes underwent preoperative FNAC; negative axillary ultrasounds or FNACs resulted in 606 intraoperative SLNB, performed using the ISC technique. The results were compared with histological diagnosis, and sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and accuracy were calculated.
Results
Of the 439 FNACs, 121 were positive and underwent immediate ALND, and 242 negative patients underwent intraoperative SLNB (69% sensitivity, 99% specificity). Positive cases often had multiple nodal involvement (55% pN2‐3). Of the 606 SLNB‐ISC smears, 510 were true negative; 65 true positives allowed for one‐step ALND (71% sensitivity, 99% specificity).
Conclusion
Preoperative positive axillary FNAC predicts a higher disease burden and determines the avoidance of SLNB for patients eligible for immediate ALND. ISC instead of FS is a safe and sensitive technique to identify metastases, indicating completion of ALND.
Partially presented at
Joint International Oncology (sentinel node & cancer metastasis) Congress, May 27‐29, 2013, San Francisco, California, USA
18 ° International Congress of Cytology (ICC 2013‐1161), May 26‐30, 2013, Paris, France
Convegno Nazionale GISMa ‐ Finalborgo (Savona), Italy,19‐20 maggio 2016
ATENÇÃO À SAÚDE DO HOMEM: PERSPECTIVA DO USUÁRIO Da Silva, Davi Vicente Félix; Martins, Thaís dos Santos; Rodrigues, Yasmin Ferreira ...
Revista Foco,
06/2023, Letnik:
16, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Objetivo: Investigar a adesão do público masculino aos programas de prevenção e controle de doenças na USF Augias Gadelha, zona norte de Manaus. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo, transversal, de ...abordagem qualitativa. A pesquisa foi realizada com 98 participantes todos do sexo masculino, na faixa etária de 18 a 59 anos no período de setembro a outubro de 2022. Resultados: Os alcançados revelam que a baixa adesão do público masculino envolve principalmente: Estereótipo de gênero; Ausência do homem; déficit de comportamento de autocuidado; incompatibilidade de horários relacionado ao trabalho; déficit na capacitação dos profissionais em saúde do homem e no conhecimento sobre a Política Nacional de Atenção Integral à Saúde do Homem (PNAISH); As falas demonstram resistência ao autocuidado por esse público, ou seja, não utilização dos serviços de saúde de forma preventiva e regular. Conclusão: A adesão do público masculino à atenção integral à saúde requer uma abordagem holística e inclusiva, onde a acessibilidade, o autocuidado, a educação em saúde, a parceria da comunidade e a capacitação dos profissionais de saúde em um cuidado contínuo e adequado sejam primordiais para que os homens se reconheçam como sujeitos do seu cuidado e de suas necessidades.
, known as hairy garlic, is a bulbous plant widespread in the Mediterranean area and locally used as a food and spice. In the present study, the chemical profile of the ethanolic extracts from bulbs ...(BE) and aerial parts (APE) were analyzed by HPLC-ESI-MS
, and antioxidant properties were evaluated by DPPH, ABTS and TEAC assays. The traditional use in the diet, and the well documented biological activity of
species suggest a potential as a new nutraceutical. For this reason, the potential usefulness of this food can be considered in the treatment and prevention of degenerative Alzheimer disease. For this reason, acetylcholinesterase inhibitory property was investigated. Furthermore, due to the observed presence of sulfur-containing and phenolic constituents, the cytotoxicity on tumor cells line was investigated. Results revealed significant AChE inhibitory activity for BE and APE. Both extracts exhibited also moderate antioxidant properties in the in vitro assays. Finally, limited cytotoxic activity was observed towards Human colon carcinoma and adenocarcinoma cell line, with differences between the individual parts tested. HPLC-ESI-MS
analysis showed that hairy garlic is a good source of sulphur compounds, flavonoids and phenylpropanoids derivatives, thus being a valid alternative to the common garlic (
). This work opens new opportunities for the application of
as a health-promoting food.
Cognitive Hyperconnected Digital Transformation provides an overview of the current Internet of Things (IoT) landscape, ranging from research, innovation and development priorities to enabling ...technologies in a global context. It is intended as a standalone book in a series that covers the Internet of Things activities of the IERC-Internet of Things European Research Cluster, including both research and technological innovation, validation and deployment. The book builds on the ideas put forward by the European Research Cluster, the IoT European Platform Initiative (IoT-EPI) and the IoT European Large-Scale Pilots Programme, presenting global views and state-of-the-art results regarding the challenges facing IoT research, innovation, development and deployment in the next years. Hyperconnected environments integrating industrial/business/consumer IoT technologies and applications require new IoT open systems architectures integrated with network architecture (a knowledge-centric network for IoT), IoT system design and open, horizontal and interoperable platforms managing things that are digital, automated and connected and that function in real-time with remote access and control based on Internet-enabled tools. The IoT is bridging the physical world with the virtual world by combining augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) to support the physical-digital integrations in the Internet of mobile things based on sensors/actuators, communication, analytics technologies, cyber-physical systems, software, cognitive systems and IoT platforms with multiple functionalities. These IoT systems have the potential to understand, learn, predict, adapt and operate autonomously. They can change future behaviour, while the combination of extensive parallel processing power, advanced algorithms and data sets feed the cognitive algorithms that allow the IoT systems to develop new services and propose new solutions. IoT technologies are moving into the industrial space and enhancing traditional industrial platforms with solutions that break free of device-, operating system- and protocol-dependency. Secure edge computing solutions replace local networks, web services replace software, and devices with networked programmable logic controllers (NPLCs) based on Internet protocols replace devices that use proprietary protocols. Information captured by edge devices on the factory floor is secure and accessible from any location in real time, opening the communication gateway both vertically (connecting machines across the factory and enabling the instant availability of data to stakeholders within operational silos) and horizontally (with one framework for the entire supply chain, across departments, business units, global factory locations and other markets). End-to-end security and privacy solutions in IoT space require agile, context-aware and scalable components with mechanisms that are both fluid and adaptive. The convergence of IT (information technology) and OT (operational technology) makes security and privacy by default a new important element where security is addressed at the architecture level, across applications and domains, using multi-layered distributed security measures. Blockchain is transforming industry operating models by adding trust to untrusted environments, providing distributed security mechanisms and transparent access to the information in the chain. Digital technology platforms are evolving, with IoT platforms integrating complex information systems, customer experience, analytics and intelligence to enable new capabilities and business models for digital business.
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