The authors of this article are engaged in anthropological research on the links between the growing interest in privacy and data security as a technical field and how notions of trust, security and ...accountability are practised in and beyond technical fields of cryptography, specifically a field called multi‐party computation (MPC). They pursue the relationship between trust in different forms of cryptography – academic and activist – and notions of trust as they are articulated in relation to data security and the protection of citizens’ data. There is a tension between the concerns raised in public debates about data security and the promises of emerging cryptographic protocols. In political speeches and public debates, citizens’ trust that governments and tech companies will protect their data is framed as important and essential. In the environments of emerging cryptographic technologies, such as blockchains, bitcoin and MPC, a promise to provide ‘trustless trust’ and abandon the need for trusted intermediaries, authorities and institutions is articulated.
The article tells the story of Danish cooperative housing’s radical transformation from a collective housing good and commons to a financialized asset during the 2000s when neoliberal housing reforms ...were introduced and the mortgage finance market was deregulated. Processes of financialization of collectively owned housing have to be understood not only in relation to the dynamics of the surrounding housing market and political-economic changes but also to the communities and social relations that they presuppose and feed off, often in contradictory ways, as people are motivated by both solidarity and private interests. Housing cooperatives have existed as a form of collective housing throughout the 20th century, balanced, on the one hand, between the reproduction of kin, family and local communities and the common good and, on the other, between the market and the reproduction of the base for both families, local communities and the larger public sharing the housing commons. During the 2000s, processes of financialization brought the market and the cooperatives’ base so close together, primarily through new mortgaging opportunities, that families and communities have lost their savings and the base has been undermined, both in a material and an immaterial sense.
Struggles over housing are one of the most pressing social, economic and political issues of our time. Yet questions over access to, plus the redistribution and maintenance of secure housing have ...only recently begun to be considered anthropologically. Drawing on E.P. Thompson's concept of moral economy, this special issue addresses these questions and considers how contemporary moral economies of housing play out. Citizens try to make their demands for adequate and safe housing heard, but such aspirations are often undermined by, political rhetoric, state officials, loan terms and the law. People claim allegiances to particular moral communities, thus (re)constituting themselves as deserving of secure tenure and proper homes, often in the face of stigma, laws or policies that construct them as the very reverse. By placing fine-grained ethnographic analysis in conversation with the political economy of housing, we redefine housing as an essentially contested domain where competing understandings of citizenship are constructed, fought over and acted out.
The Danish concept of faellesskab (community) is explored in this article. Faellesskab covers different kinds of belonging and notions of proper togetherness in Danish society, ranging from ...neighborhood relations at the local level to membership in society at the national level. In investigating the ideals and practices of faellesskab in housing cooperatives, the article shows how people establish connections between these different scales of sociality. It argues that the way people live together in housing cooperatives, in a close atmosphere of egalitarian togetherness, is a cultural ideal in modern Denmark. The more recent commercialization of cooperative property has, however, caused concern. While some believe that faellesskab can still be practiced in the small enclaves of autonomous cooperatives, others fear that this ideal is threatened by economic inequalities.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NMLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Boliger er en af velfærdssamfundets kerneydelser, som med en vækstorienteret
boligpolitik og byplanlægning samt dereguleringen af boligfinansieringen i
løbet af det sidste årti er blevet mere ...markedsorienteret og markedsstyret. Med
en substantivistisk økonomisk antropologisk tilgang undersøger denne artikel,
hvordan folks økonomiske liv i danske andelsboligforeninger er indlejret i
sociale relationer og fællesskaber, og hvordan disse udfordres, påvirkes og
spiller sammen med neoliberaliseringen af andelsboligsektoren. Artiklen trækker
på E.P. Thompsons begreb moralske økonomier til at argumentere for, at
der sker forskydninger mellem tre idealtyper af moralske økonomier i danske
andelsboligforeninger – solidarisk fællesskab, familiefællesskab og økonomisk
fællesskab – hvor den neoliberale politiske økonomi tilskynder til, at flere opfatter
sig som en del af og praktiserer et økonomisk fællesskab, som er økonomisk og
retsligt orienteret. Etnografien viser sig dog også, at de neoliberale politikker
og lånemuligheder blev modtaget forskelligt og med forskellige konsekvenser i
forskellige andelsboligforeninger, som igennem deres moralske økonomier har
forskellige tidshorisonter, arbejdsdelinger og former for social kontrol.
Søgeord: økonomisk antropologi, moralske økonomier, boligmarked, neoliberalisering,
finansialisering, fællesskab
This article is based on ethnographic fieldwork among bicycle food delivery riders in Brussels who worked through the digital platform Deliveroo. The article engages the riders’ specific temporal ...experiences of platform work. Platform work through digital apps creates an image of aspatial real-time. However, using the notion of the ‘data double’, we demonstrate that the riders not only have to navigate the cityscape of Brussels on their bikes. They also have to cope with unwanted waiting time caused by the frictions between the data doubles in the app and the spatiotemporal structure of the food delivery economy. We argue that the riders manage to bridge the gap between the logic of the app’s real time and the spatiotemporal and economic constraints. They do so by employing different tactics for manipulating the temporal structure of the app as well as their own experience of time. Drawing on Michael Flaherty’s work, we call these tactics ‘time work’. Most of the interviewed riders did not envision working through the digital platform as a career. Instead, Deliveroo provided a temporary and flexible way to cover their expenses while preparing for other, more important issues such as finishing their education. Studies of digital platform work often highlight the extremely precarious working conditions of food delivery riders, but they have lacked a closer exploration of the platform workers’ own temporal experiences of work. This article brings new empirical insight to studies of digital platform work and, particularly, demonstrates that Deliveroo riders in Brussels are both ‘victims and architects of time’. Overall, this article contributes to a better understanding of the experience of time under platform capitalism.
Antropologer har længe undersøgt fremtider og arbejdet metodisk med, hvordan man kan undersøge endnu ikke eksisterende verdener etnografisk. Nu kan man ved hjælp af virtual reality (VR) bygge ...virtuelle verdener, som folk kan bevæge sig rundt i. I et metodisk eksperiment har vi brugt VR til at undersøge, hvordan intelligente systemer, der optimerer elforbrug og samtidig beskytter vores data, kan påvirke fremtidigt socialt liv. Eksperimentet skabte også et rum, hvor samarbejde på tværs af fagligheder blev muligt.
Dette dobbelte temanummer af Tidsskriftet Antropologi nr. 72 og 73 er baseretpå et forskningsseminar afholdt i maj 2014 af det såkaldte Norden-netværk medtitlen „Ethnographies of Welfare State ...Transformations“.
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