Controlling odors during grass composting Buckner, Stuart C; Michel, Frederick C
BioCycle,
09/2002, Letnik:
43, Številka:
9
Magazine Article, Trade Publication Article
The town of Islip, New York, developed a yard trimmings composting facility in 1988 as an integral part of its Solid Waste Management Program. The facility accepts leaves, grass, tree trimmings and ...brush. As more grass is added to composting feedstocks, the potential for odor increases. A comprehensive research project was conducted at the Islip composting facility to identify windrow management practices that minimize odors. According to the present study, several interrelated factors are important to odor management - decomposition, feedstock character, feedstock mixtures and oxygen concentrations. It is clear that, even within the limitations of an open air turned windrow system, process conditions can be manipulated to reduce and maintain odors at low levels. The high odor potential of grass makes it necessary to consider both the biological needs for process management and the practical aspects of windrow management to control odor emissions off-site.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
CEKLJ, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
One hundred fourteen children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia were treated with allogeneic marrow transplantation from HLA-identical siblings after conditioning with cyclophosphamide and total body ...irradiation. Methotrexate was given posttransplantation for prophylaxis of graft-versus-host disease. The minimum follow-up after transplantation was 2 years. Sixteen of 51 patients transplanted in marrow remission survive from 2.1 to 8.9 years (median 2.7), 13 in continuous remission, one in remission following testicular relapse, and two after marrow relapse. Sixty-three were transplanted in relapse and eight survived 3-10 years (median 5.7), five in continuous remission, and three in remission following testicular relapse. In a multivariate analysis, factors significantly related to increased survival were marrow remission at transplant (p less than 0.007) and chronic graft-versus-host disease (p less than 0.005). Factors associated with increased relapse were marrow relapse at transplant (p less than 0.002) and absence of significant graft-versus-host disease (p less than 0.004). The development of acute graft-versus-host disease was associated with high marrow cell doses (p less than 0.04). These data suggest that some children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and a poor prognosis with conventional chemotherapy may be cured with marrow transplantation.
