The characteristics of AI-based software have the potential to reshape traditional software development paradigms. Consequently, this study conducts a systematic literature review (SLR) within the ...field of AI Engineering to identify the unique challenges in software engineering for AI-based systems, which are transforming traditional software development paradigms. The scope of the SLR includes literature from academic journals and conference proceedings published between 2018 and 2023, selected through a rigorous process. The methodology involved using specific search keywords across databases such as Scopus, ScienceDirect, ACM Digital Library, and IEEE Xplore, with a stringent application of Kitchenham's inclusion and exclusion criteria to ensure a focused and relevant review. This review provides a consolidated summary of diverse research endeavors addressing challenges, issues, and methodologies relevant to AI-based software development. Highlighted topics encompass challenges in requirements engineering for AI-intensive system development, responsible software development (responsible AI), the formulation of a software engineering roadmap for responsible AI, the application of TrustOps as a risk management methodology in AI system development, the necessity of incorporating software engineering methods in AI-based systems, as well as studies exploring requirements engineering practices, AI-intensive system development, and the utilization of tools in machine learning model development. Key findings include the importance of recognizing ethical requirements in AI development, the role of risk management and ethical attributes, and the challenges of connecting requirements between software developers, data scientists, and machine learning specialists. This research provides valuable insights for practitioners and researchers involved in developing AI-based software to overcome existing challenges and apply appropriate methods in the development process.
Indonesia, as a country with great potential, should become an active Global Software Development (GSD) player. This study aims to identify and rank software engineers' competencies when working in a ...GSD environment. Having gathered competencies with a literature study, we then compiled the hierarchy of competencies, questionnaires and data processing using the Analytic Hierarchy Process. We involved Indonesia's experts in giving a portrait of the potential for global software engineers in Indonesia. From the research results, we obtained 40 competencies along with their ranking and clustering. We conclude that software engineers must master both hard and soft competencies by paying attention to the ranking and clustering generated in this study. This research is useful for practitioners, the Indonesian government and other countries to prioritise software engineer competencies. Further, it is useful for developed countries, as GSD clients, to see a portrait of software engineers' competence in Indonesia.
The Product Owner and Scrum Master are members of the Scrum Team, which play an essential role in Global Software Development. They must have some competencies that can overcome challenges in the ...global environment. This study aims to develop the competencies of these two roles and explore issues of global competencies. Researchers conducted a literature study to produce a list of competencies and in-depth interviews to explore the issues. Data processing uses content analysis and descriptive statistics. The author compiled questionnaires and generated three issues, then held a Focus Group Discussion for validation. Without reducing the nature of scrum, the consensus of experts had approved 31 competencies for the product owner while 34 for the scrum master. This research enriches scrum.org and has a global impact on improving Scrum and Global Software Development human capital and IT professionals.
Global Software Development (GSD) and Scrum are two pivotal tools in software engineering, which meet the needs of global economics in dealing with various disruptions, such as physical distancing ...due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This research focuses on Scrum with its three roles: Product Owner, Scrum Master and Development Team. They require a distinct set of competencies, including Knowledge, Skills, and Attitude (KSA). Therefore, this study aims to develop a list of Scrum team competence based on KSA in GSD. The authors conducted a comprehensive literature review to create the list. Then, it was followed by in-depth interviews with nine experts involving practitioners and academics having experience in Scrum, GSD, and educational psychology for validation. This study proposes a compilation of KSA-based competencies for all roles of the Scrum team. Each competency has been grouped and given a level based on Bloom's taxonomy. The research findings can be the basis for successful competency development for the Scrum team.
This study aimed to examine the influence of knowledge management system (KMS) quality on users’ continuance intention. The research model was developed by integrating the concept of DeLone and ...McLean’s information systems (IS) success model with the expectation confirmation model. To examine the developed model, a survey was conducted with 131 respondents from three companies that had implemented a KMS. The data were analyzed using the partial least square (PLS) method. The study demonstrated that both system quality and information/knowledge quality influence all the factors that drive the continuance intention regarding KMS usage, namely perceived usefulness, satisfaction, and trust. Moreover, satisfaction proved to have an impact on users’ recommendation intention concerning the KMS. Therefore, companies should improve the KMS quality in order to drive employees to continuously use the KMS and recommend it to others.
Agile development's rapid growth is due to its ability to address complex problems and facilitate a smooth transition from traditional methods. However, no single Agile method can fit every ...organization, which leads to a lack of adoption guidelines. It triggers this investigation by proposing an Agile development method model based on the Essence of software engineering framework and incorporating the common ground of popular methods such as Scrum, Kanban, Extreme programming, SAFe, Less, Nexus, Spotify Agile, Scrum of Scrums, and Disciplined Agile. The Essence of software engineering framework provides an approach for organizations to develop software development methods based on common ground or shared understanding among methods. We enhance this approach for Agile methods, resulting in a model to support organizations in developing their Agile methods and practices. Moreover, Design Science Research (DSR) was employed as a methodology to construct the artifact, demonstration, and evaluation. We demonstrated the model in an Agile product development at a national-wide bank in Indonesia. This investigation enhances Agile methods in SWEBOK's Software Engineering Models and Methods knowledge area, benefiting academics and practitioners. Practitioners can use the model as a reference to implement their Agile projects.
An ontology-based system can currently logically reason through the Web Ontology Language Description Logic (OWL DL). To perform probabilistic reasoning, the system must use a separate knowledge ...base, separate processing, or third-party applications. Previous studies mainly focus on how to represent probabilistic information in ontologies and perform reasoning through them. These approaches are not suitable for systems that already have running ontologies and Bayesian network (BN) knowledge bases because users must rewrite the probabilistic information contained in a BN into an ontology. We present a framework called ByNowLife, which is a novel approach for integrating BN with OWL by providing an interface for retrieving probabilistic information through SPARQL queries. ByNowLife catalyzes the integration process by transforming logical information contained in an ontology into a BN and probabilistic information contained in a BN into an ontology. This produces a system with a complete knowledge base. Using ByNowLife, a system that already has separate ontologies and BN knowledge bases can integrate them into a single knowledge base and perform both logical and probabilistic reasoning through it. The integration not only facilitates the unity of reasoning but also has several other advantages, such as ontology enrichment and BN structural adjustment through structural and parameter learning.
The researches show that software quality depends on Functional Requirements (FR) and Non-Functional Requirements (NFR). The developers identify NFR attributes by interviewing stakeholders. The ...difficulty in identifying NFR attributes makes quality requirements often ignored. The basic concept of software quality measurements is the quality measuring of the software product. During product-based quality measurement, the potential of software development process repetition will occur. Factors measuring software product quality are not suitable for NFR identification. These differences result in the software development process repeating itself and additional costs. This research proposes easy NFR attributes identification using FR characters. The NFR and FR tightly relations are obtained by extending the NFR measurement at ISO/IEC25023 to programming coding level, then generalizing to get the FR character. The generalization uses the Grounded Theory method. The result is the NFR attributes identification method using FR character based on ISO/IEC 25023. The analyst or programmer can identify the NFR attributes from the FR using the FR character in the requirements stage. This research produces an NFR Identification Method that has been validated by experimenting with several programmers and experts. Tests on programmers identify NFR using the FR character method. The test is to see the level of similarity of the resulting NFR. The result of the test shows level similarity upper 75%.
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