The Use of Modern Innovative Technologies Shemileva, M. S-A.; Alikhadzhiev, S. Kh; Budnikov, D. A.
SHS Web of Conferences,
2023, Letnik:
172
Journal Article, Conference Proceeding
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
This article explores the use of modern, innovative educational technology in educational settings. It examines the potential benefits of using digital tools and virtual environments in the ...classroom, such as increased engagement, improved understanding of science concepts, and increased collaboration among students. It also addresses the challenges associated with implementing these technologies, such as cost considerations and lack of teacher training. Finally, it presents recommendations for successful implementation and use of these technologies in institutions in education.
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The time and energy resolutions were measured for four prototypes of the PHOS electromagnetic calorimeter for the ALICE experiment at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. Each prototype was made up ...of nine identical detection elements assembled as a 3 × 3 array. The detection element was based on a lead tungstate (PbWO
4
) scintillating crystal with a length of 180 mm and a cross section of 22 × 22 mm
2
, which was viewed from its end face by a photodetector. Avalanche photodiodes and silicon photomultipliers with different active areas (Hamamatsu, Japan) were used as photodetectors. The measurements were made with the electron component of secondary particle beams of the PS proton synchrotron at CERN in the momentum range of 1−10 GeV/
c
at a temperature of 17.5°C.
Relevance of developing the equipment for electro-hydraulic treatment of water and its solutions was substantiated. The device that is one of the electro-hydraulic spark gap installation components ...has been developed in order to eliminate the drawbacks of similar devices used. The application field of the device for electro-hydraulic treatment of solutions is crop production in agriculture. Electro-hydraulic treatment can be used to produce fertilizers in conditions of irrigation of greenhouse vegetable crops in personal subsidiary and peasant (farmer) farms. The installation, in addition to the cylindrical tank, contains a voltage source, a high-voltage transformer, an autotransformer, energy storage devices, rectifying cells, start-control devices and means of control and measuring. Electrodes are installed in this device, one of which has a technical scientific novelty. The tip of the negative electrode is hemispherical, which allows increasing the stored energy in the capacitor, to increase it in the discharge channel, increasing the length of the spark discharge in the liquid. The model of the device has been developed in order to substantiate the design parameters and operation modes. The developed electric diagram required for installation, runup and control of technological modes of electro-hydraulic impact on liquid media is shown. Actual model of the device is presented in photo content. The perspectivity of studying the electro-hydraulic effect is determined.
It is shown that an increase in the area of photodetectors allows the PHOS electromagnetic calorimeter of the ALICE experiment to operate at room temperature with better spectrometric ...characteristics. The linearity of the calorimeter response has been investigated in the 1–110 GeV energy range using both Hamamatsu S8664-1010 avalanche photodiodes with a large area (10 × 10 mm
2
) and arrays of MPPC Hamamatsu S12572-015C silicon photomultipliers with a sensitive area of 6 × 6 mm
2
. The calorimeter based on avalanche photodiodes is linear in the energy range under investigation compared to a calorimeter composed of silicon-photomultiplier arrays.
Trigger electronics for the Alice PHOS detector Müller, Hans; Pimenta, Rui; Musa, Luciano ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
02/2004, Letnik:
518, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The Photon Spectrometer of ALICE consists of 5 identical modules of 56×64 PWO crystals with a total of 100° azimuthal coverage of the barrel. The electronics required for implementing both the L0 ...trigger for high luminosity p–p physics and the L1 trigger for high
p
T Pb+Pb physics has been studied. A full integration of the trigger logic into the detector's enclosure is based on analog transmission of fast trigger sums between stacks of front-end boards and trigger-router units. The latter contain 112 digitizer channels of 10
bit, which are mapped into a single FPGA per trigger unit, covering areas of 24×16 crystals. The running modes allow for Level-0 trigger at 800
ns and Level-1 at 6200
ns trigger latencies. The design and status of the PHOS trigger electronics are outlined.
The article shows the setting of boundary value problems in heat exchange unit when exposed caryopsis microwave field. Weevil is the uneven distribution of moisture by volume. We have also found a ...sequence of solutions of boundary value problems
A large-scale prototype of the PHOS electromagnetic spectrometer, which is part of the ALICE detector, has been built and tested. This prototype has 256 detector channels and is operated at −25
°C. ...Each detector channel is a lead-tungstate crystal coupled to an Avalanche Photo-Diode with a low-noise preamplifier. The prototype includes a 16×16 crystal matrix, photo-detectors, analog and digital electronics, a thermo-stabilized cooling system, a light-emitting diode monitoring system, and a charged-particle detector acting as veto counter. Results of measurements using electron and hadron beams of the CERN PS and SPS accelerators are discussed, and the performance of the prototype is evaluated.
A KPU-200 movable capacitor installation Maslov, V. V.; Rumyantsev, V. G.; Basmanov, V. F. ...
Instruments and experimental techniques (New York),
03/2014, Letnik:
57, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
A movable electrophysical capacitor installation with a 250-kJ maximum bank energy, which generates intense neutron pulses, is described. A current pulse generator with a capacitive energy storage ...forms the basis of the installation. When the initial voltage at the capacitor bank is up to 35 kV, the installation ensures a flow of current pulses with amplitudes of up to 2 MA in a gas-discharge plasma-focus chamber, which is filled with an equal-component deuterium-tritium (DT) mixture. Under these conditions, the chamber is capable of repeatedly generating single fast-neutron pulses with an energy of 14.1 MeV, a duration of ∼70 ns, and an integral yield over 1013 neutrons/pulse.
Front-end electronics for PWO-based PHOS calorimeter of ALICE Muller, Hans; Budnikov, Dmitry; Ippolitov, Mikhail ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
11/2006, Letnik:
567, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The electromagnetic Photon Spectrometer (PHOS) of ALICE consists of five modules with 56×64 PWO crystals, operated at −25
°C. Glued to each crystal are APD diodes which amplify a lightyield of 4.4
...photoelectrons/MeV, followed by charge-sensitive pre-amplifiers with a charge conversion gain of ca. 1
V/pC. We describe our new 32-channel shaper/digitizer and readout electronics for gain-programmable photodiodes. These Front-End Electronics (FEE) cards are installed below the crystals in an isolated warm volume in geometrical correspondence to 2×16 crystal rows per card. With a total detector capacitance of 100
pF and a noise level of 3
MeV, the FEEs cover a 14
bit dynamic range from 5
MeV to 80
GeV. The low noise level is achieved by operating the APDs and preamplifiers at low temperature and by applying a relatively long shaping time of 1
μs. The offline timing resolution, obtained via a Gamma-2 fit is less than 2
ns. The second-order, dual-gain shapers produce semi-Gaussian output for 10
bit ADCs with embedded multi-event buffers. A Readout Control Unit (RCU) masters data readout with address-mapped access to the event-buffers and controls registers via a custom bus which interconnects up to 14 FEE cards. Programmable bias voltage controllers on the FEE cards allow for very precise gain adjustment of each individual APD. Being co-designed with the TRU trigger cards, each FEE card generates eight fast signal sums (2×2 crystals) as input to the TRU. FPGA-based algorithms generate level-0 and level-1 trigger decisions at 40
MHz and allow PHOS also to operate in self-triggered mode. Inside each PHOS module there are 112 FEE and 8 TRU cards which dissipate ca. 1
kW heat which is extracted via a water cooling system.
Results of the beam tests of the prototype photon spectrometer PHOS for the ALICE experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (CERN) are presented. The spectrometer is based on detector elements composed ...of lead tungstate (PbWO
4
) crystals with dimensions of 22 × 22 × 180 mm and Hamamatsu S8664-55 (S8148) avalanche photodiodes. The beam tests have been performed on the secondary T10 beamline of the PS proton synchrotron. The main emphasis has been placed on the possibility of improving the PHOS timing resolution. Introduction of an additional timing channel with a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) used as a photodetector is shown to improve the timing resolution for 1-GeV deposited energy from current value σ
t
= 3 to 0.3 ns. Silicon photomultipliers of the Hamamatsu MPPC S10362-33 family with an active area of 3 × 3 mm
2
are used in these measurements. Using fast photomultiplier tubes with an 8-mm-diameter photocathode, the timing resolution attainable in electromagnetic shower development in a lead tungstate crystal has been measured for a large-area photodetector. The timing resolution for a deposited energy of 1 GeV is 150 ps. The effect of the detector channel temperature on the timing resolution is investigated. Cooling the crystal results in an increase both in the scintillation intensity and in the decay time of the scintillator and fails to substantially improve the timing resolution.
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