The relevance of the research topic is due to the role of tax policy and the impact of external and internal longterm factors affecting the slowdown of the Russian economy. The aim of the study is to ...justify measures to reduce the tax burden on manufacturers concentrated on the domestic market. The authors used methods of statistical analysis, economic statistics, including the calculations of implicit tax rates, and the tax burden sensitivity in relation to GDP dynamics. The research results show that an increase in the tax burden on labor and consumption, as well as the existing correlation between the tax burden on capital and labor, hinders investments in the modernization of production and innovation, and disrupts economic growth and socio-economic development in Russia. The measures introduced by the government to overcome the consequences of the pandemic do not help to reduce the tax burden in a short-term and long-term perspective. The authors conclude that it is necessary to reduce the tax burden on domestic producers concentrated on the domestic market by introducing a special taxpayer status.
This paper is devoted to experiments on testing of the Sn-Li capillary porous system (CPS) under conditions of deuterium plasma irradiation, carried out at a plasma-beam installation (PBI). As a ...metal CPS matrix, molybdenum mesh was used. The paper presents a detailed description of the development of technology and procedure for the fabrication of the investigated sample, intended for plasma testing, as well as experiments on irradiation of Sn-Li CPS with deuterium plasma. As a result of the experiments performed, the dependences of the temperature of the investigated sample on the energy of the plasma contacting with the CPS, time dependence of the gas phase composition in the PBI chamber during irradiation of Sn-Li CPS with deuterium plasma, optical spectra depending on the temperature were obtained. Post-experimental material science studies with a sample of Sn-Li CPS were also performed and the results of microstructure, thermal and X-ray phase analysis were obtained. Analysis of the experimental data obtained showed that the energy of deuterium plasma precipitated on the Sn-Li alloy is re-emitted into the energy of optical radiation on the evaporating neutral atoms of lithium and tin. A complete evaporation of the alloy from CPS, during interacting with deuterium plasma, leads to partial destruction of the metal matrix of molybdenum.
•TGP-56 beryllium has a high resource durability for operation under conditions of heat exposure in ITER.•The “normal” and “increased” heat flux in ITER will not have a critical effect on the ...destruction of the edges of beryllium.•In the normal operation mode of ITER (2.0–4.7 MW) the edges of beryllium have good resistance to heat load.•The large-scale changes in the structure and shape of the surface occur at a maximum temperature of ∼ 1200 °C.
In this paper, experiments were conducted on the thermal effect of an electron beam on beryllium of the TGP-56 grade in vacuum, at the values of the surface temperature of beryllium ∼360, ∼800 and ∼1200 °C with the number of pulses 10 and 100 with the same pulse duration – 500 s. A complex of material research such as microanalysis, x-ray diffraction analysis, determination of microhardness was conducted. The experimental data on changes in mechanical properties and melting conditions of beryllium at the boundary between gaps of the plates of the ITER first wall as a result of heat loads were obtained. It was found that in the normal operation mode of ITER (2.0–4.7 MW) the edges of beryllium have good resistance to spraying. Under critical conditions, closer to the melting point, beryllium is strongly sprayed.
Abstract
This paper presents a method of tungsten surface carbidization using a plasma-beam setup to assess the effect of temperature on the formation of tungsten carbides. Methane was used as a ...plasma-forming gas. The working gas pressure in the chamber was (1.3–1.4)10
−1
Pa. Experiments on the formation of carbides were carried out at different temperatures (700-1000°C). It was recorded that at a temperature of 700°C, crystallization centers of a carbon film appear on the sample surface. With an increase in the irradiation temperature to 800°C and 900°C, the surface of the samples is covered with a continuous carbon film. As a result of the experimental work carried out, it was found that the formation of tungsten semicarbide occurs at 900°C. A further increase in temperature leads to the formation of tungsten monocarbide.
Abstract
This paper presents the results of studying the formation of a carbide layer under various experimental conditions and the choice of the optimal parameters for carbidization of the tungsten ...surface under plasma irradiation in methane. Therefore, to assess the effect of the surface temperature of a tungsten sample during experimental work, the surface temperature of the sample was 1300-1700°C, and to assess the effect of the irradiation time, a range within 300-2400 s was selected. From the results of X-ray phase analysis of the surface of tungsten samples, concluded that the temperature of the sample surface and the duration of irradiation have a significant effect on the formation of a carbidized layer on the tungsten surface during plasma irradiation on plasma-beam installation.
This paper investigates a hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity of porous silicon by the contact angle method. Porous silicon series were obtained by electrochemical anodic etching of n-Si (100) and (111) ...under the current anodization density range of 5-120 mA/cm2. For this purpose the original laboratory installation and the software «Measurement of contact angle» were developed. It is shown that, the contact angle can vary significantly (up to 80 degrees for (100)) depending on the current anodization Discussion of the results is carried out taking in account the composition of the functional groups and of surface morphology of the porous silicon. These results are important for developing porous silicon particles as nanocontainers in the targeted drug delivery.
The paper presents data on the behavior of TGP-56 beryllium after exposure to an electron beam and hydrogen plasma. The experiments were conducted with different numbers of pulses at surface ...temperatures of ∼ 360 °C, ∼800 °C, and ∼ 1200 °C. The temperature mode is determined by the operating conditions of the first wall coating at a standard thermal load. To assess the changes in beryllium after testing, microanalysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, and microhardness measurements were performed. It has been found that the beryllium coating is resistant to normal International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) operation modes, but at temperatures above 800 °C, critical damage to the material is possible over the time of operation of the thermonuclear facility.
The aim. To study Salmonella-induced changes in the intestinal wall microbiota, the expression of Salmonella effector proteins SipA, SopB, SopE2 and transcriptional activity of genes FFAR2, Foxp3, ...RORγt in rat GALT during administration of vancomycin and B.fragilis. Methods. Investigations of qualitative and quantitative composition of the microbiota of the wall of the small intestine were carried out, and the expression level of rat genes Foxp3, Rorc (Royt), FFAR2 and Salmonella effector proteins SipA, SopB and SopE2 were determined by RT-PCR, the relationship between groups of microorganisms was established. Results. Administration of B.fragilis against the background pre-treatment with vancomycin and Salmonella infection alters the quantitative composition of the microbiota in the wall of the small intestine contents: a decrease in Salmonella spp., E.coli, P.aeruginosa, Proteus spp., Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella spp. and Shigella spp., as well as increasing Bacteroides spp., E.faecalis, E.faecium and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius. The level of expression of Salmonella effector proteins in animals with the combined administration of vancomycin and S.enteritidis (I group), S.typhimurium (II group) increased: SopB – 101 and 20 times; SopE2 - 80 and 2 times; SipA - 613 times (II group), and also 5-fold decrease was noted in the I group. Relative normalized number of mRNA of genes FFAR2, Foxp3, RORγt in GALT of rats in groups III and IV increased: FFAR2 - 2.7 and 5.4 times; Foxp3 - 2.5 and 85 times, RORγt level decreased by 70% and only in IV group. Conclusions. Using B.fragilis creates conditions for the correction of Salmonella-induced changes of the intestinal microbiome. Pretreatment of animals with vancomycin causes increased transcriptional activity of genes SipA, SopB and SopE2, except SipA after administration of S.enteritidis. Administration of B.fragilis increases the level of mRNA of genes FFAR2 and Foxp3 in GALT and reduces RORγt after infection with S. typhimurium.
Introduction
. Over the past decades, Russian society has seen an increase in humanistic trends related to a more attentive and more careful attitude towards the qualitative diversity of society than ...before. In particular, there are significant changes in the education and upbringing of children with mental development problems (deviations or disorders). Creating the conditions for the full and dignified existence of such children is impossible without their inclusion in social relations, without the support of the process of formation of their individuality, which is particularly significant at the early stages of ontogenesis, when the foundations are laid down and cultural and social norms of behaviour are learned.
The
aims
of the present publication are the following: to describe diagnostic tools for identifying the level of formation of the adaptation and integration potential of children with mental retardation of primary school age; to demonstrate the ways of this potential development by means of artistic and creative activities.
Methodology and research methods.
The research was based on the principles of individualisation and differentiation of correctional and pedagogical process; the capacities, characteristics of development and needs of each child; systemacity of training with close cooperation of all its participants; compliance of requirements, methods, techniques and educational conditions with individual and age characteristics of students. In the course of the experiment, a complex of diagnostic and correctional-developing methods was used: “Finish the Story” (G. A. Uruntayeva, Yu. A. Afon’kin), “Story Pictures” (R. R. Kinina), “Rukavichki” (G. A. Zuckermann), etc. The obtained data were processed through a mathematical method of assessing the significance of differences using the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient.
Results and scientific novelty.
The research presents the developed and tested methodology of diagnostics of adaptive and integrative potential of children of primary school age with mental retardation. This methodology was developed in educational establishments, including children’s art schools. The criteria and qualitative characteristics of the levels of formation of this potential are highlighted. Three of its structural components – cognitive, emotional and behavioural – are identified, which are proposed to be developed through artistic and creative activities with close cooperation of specialists of the school support service, parents and teachers of additional education. Such activities are considered as a specially organised process with personal-oriented goals, in which art acts as a determinant of the socio-cultural formation of a child’s personality and contributes to his or her successful inclusion in the school community of peers and further socialisation. The idea and concept of improving correctional and pedagogical work with children with special educational needs through artistic creativity are based on: the predisposition of any child to it, regardless of the presence/absence of any nosology; the accessibility for everyone of this way of learning the world around.
Practical significance.
The research materials can be used in the practice of special psychologists, rehabilitators, defectologists, teachers of children additional education, as well as in the system of training, advanced training and retraining of pedagogical personnel.
The article considers medical and pedagogical prevention of deviant behavior of adolescents from dysfunctional families in conditions of rural school, related to the need of strengthening targeted ...joint interaction of medical and pedagogical institutions. The description and results of testing of diagnostic tools used to establish severity of deviant behavior of children in a selected group is discussed. The interaction of medical and educational institutions in preventing deviant behavior of adolescents from dysfunctional families in rural school is of key importance for combating prevalence of drug addiction, tobacco smoking, alcohol abuse and psychoactive substances consumption, and contributing to physical and mental health promotion of younger generation, development of healthy lifestyle. The study was organized to cover cognitive, behavioral, affective and value-motivational components. The qualitative characteristics of levels of severity of deviant behavior of adolescents from dysfunctional families were developed and proposed for practice application.
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