Previous phylogenetic analyses of species within the genus Golovinomyces (Ascomycota, Erysiphales), based on ITS and 28S rDNA sequence data, revealed a co-evolutionary relationship between powdery ...mildew species and hosts of certain tribes of the plant family Asteraceae. Golovinomyces growing on host plants belonging to the Heliantheae formed a single lineage, comprised of a morphologically differentiated complex of species, which included G. ambrosiae, G. circumfusus, and G. spadiceus. However, the lineage also encompassed sequences retrieved from Golovinomyces specimens on other Asteraceae tribes as well as other plant families, suggesting the involvement of a plurivorous species. A multilocus phylogenetic examination of this complex, using ITS, 28S, IGS (intergenic spacer), TUB2 (beta-tubulin), and CHS1 (chitin synthase I) sequence data was carried out to clarify the discrepancies between ITS and 28S rDNA sequence data and morphological differences. Furthermore, the circumscription of species and their host ranges were emended.
The phylogenetic and morphological analyses conducted in this study revealed three distinct species named, viz., (1) G. ambrosiae emend. (including G. spadiceus), a plurivorous species that occurs on a multitude of hosts including, Ambrosia spp., multiple species of the Heliantheae and plant species of other tribes of Asteraceae including the Asian species of Eupatorium; (2) G. latisporus comb. nov. (≡ Oidium latisporum), the closely related, but morphologically distinct species confined to hosts of the Heliantheae genera Helianthus, Zinnia, and most likely Rudbeckia; and (3) G. circumfusus confined to Eupatorium cannabinum in Europe.
The present results provide strong evidence that the combination of multi-locus phylogeny and morphological analysis is an effective way to identify species in the genus Golovinomyces.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This paper is the seventh in the Fungal Diversity Notes series, where 131 taxa accommodated in 28 families are mainly described from
Rosa
(
Rosaceae
) and a few other hosts. Novel fungal taxa are ...described in the present study, including 17 new genera, 93 new species, four combinations, a sexual record for a species and new host records for 16 species.
Bhatiellae
,
Cycasicola
,
Dactylidina
,
Embarria
,
Hawksworthiana
,
Italica
,
Melanocucurbitaria
,
Melanodiplodia
,
Monoseptella
,
Uzbekistanica
,
Neoconiothyrium
,
Neopaucispora
,
Pararoussoella
,
Paraxylaria
,
Marjia
,
Sporormurispora and Xenomassariosphaeria
are introduced as new ascomycete genera. We also introduce the new species
Absidia jindoensis
,
Alternaria doliconidium
,
A
.
hampshirensis
,
Angustimassarina rosarum
,
Astragalicola vasilyevae
,
Backusella locustae
,
Bartalinia rosicola
,
Bhatiellae rosae
,
Broomella rosae
,
Castanediella camelliae
,
Coelodictyosporium rosarum
,
Comoclathris rosae
,
C
.
rosarum
,
Comoclathris rosigena
,
Coniochaeta baysunika
,
C. rosae
,
Cycasicola goaensis
,
Dactylidina shoemakeri
,
Dematiopleospora donetzica
,
D
.
rosicola
,
D
.
salsolae
,
Diaporthe rosae
,
D
.
rosicola
,
Endoconidioma rosae
-
hissaricae
,
Epicoccum rosae
,
Hawksworthiana clematidicola
,
H
.
lonicerae
,
Italica achilleae
,
Keissleriella phragmiticola
,
K
.
rosacearum
,
K
.
rosae
,
K
.
rosarum
,
Lophiostoma rosae
,
Marjia tianschanica
,
M
.
uzbekistanica
,
Melanocucurbitaria uzbekistanica
,
Melanodiplodia tianschanica
,
Monoseptella rosae
,
Mucor fluvius
,
Muriformistrickeria rosae
,
Murilentithecium rosae
,
Neoascochyta rosicola
,
Neoconiothyrium rosae
,
Neopaucispora rosaecae
,
Neosetophoma rosarum
,
N
.
rosae
,
N
.
rosigena
,
Neostagonospora artemisiae
,
Ophiobolus artemisiicola
,
Paraconiothyrium rosae
,
Paraphaeosphaeria rosae
,
P
.
rosicola
,
Pararoussoella rosarum
,
Parathyridaria rosae
,
Paraxylaria rosacearum
,
Penicillium acidum
,
P
.
aquaticum
,
Phragmocamarosporium rosae
,
Pleospora rosae
,
P
.
rosae
-
caninae
,
Poaceicola agrostina
,
P
.
arundinicola
,
P
.
rosae
,
Populocrescentia ammophilae
,
P
.
rosae
,
Pseudocamarosporium pteleae
,
P
.
ulmi
-
minoris
,
Pseudocercospora rosae
,
Pseudopithomyces rosae
,
Pseudostrickeria rosae
,
Sclerostagonospora lathyri
,
S
.
rosae
,
S
.
rosicola
,
Seimatosporium rosigenum
,
S
.
rosicola
,
Seiridium rosarum
,
Setoseptoria arundelensis
,
S
.
englandensis
,
S
.
lulworthcovensis
,
Sigarispora agrostidis
,
S
.
caryophyllacearum
,
S
.
junci
,
S
.
medicaginicola
,
S
.
rosicola
,
S
.
scrophulariae
,
S
.
thymi
,
Sporormurispora atraphaxidis
,
S
.
pruni
,
Suttonomyces rosae
,
Umbelopsis sinsidoensis
,
Uzbekistanica rosae
-
hissaricae
,
U
.
yakutkhanika
,
Wojnowicia rosicola
,
Xenomassariosphaeria rosae
. New host records are provided for
Amandinea punctata
,
Angustimassarina quercicola
,
Diaporthe rhusicola
,
D. eres
,
D. foeniculina
,
D. rudis
,
Diplodia seriata
,
Dothiorella iberica
,
Lasiodiplodia theobromae
,
Lecidella elaeochroma
,
Muriformistrickeria rubi
,
Neofusicoccum australe
,
Paraphaeosphaeria michotii
,
Pleurophoma pleurospora
,
Sigarispora caulium
and
Teichospora rubriostiolata
. The new combinations are
Dactylidina dactylidis
(=
Allophaeosphaeria dactylidis
),
Embarria clematidis
(=
Allophaeosphaeria clematidis
),
Hawksworthiana alliariae
(=
Dematiopleospora alliariae
) and
Italica luzulae
(=
Dematiopleospora luzulae
). This study also provides some insights into the diversity of fungi on
Rosa
species and especially those on
Rosa
spines that resulted in the characterisation of eight new genera, 45 new species, and nine new host records. We also collected taxa from
Rosa
stems and there was 31% (20/65) overlap with taxa found on stems with that on spines. Because of the limited and non-targeted sampling for comparison with collections from spines and stems of the same host and location, it is not possible to say that the fungi on spines of
Rosa
differ from those on stems. The study however, does illustrate how spines are interesting substrates with high fungal biodiversity. This may be because of their hard structure resulting in slow decay and hence are suitable substrates leading to fungal colonisation. All data presented herein are based on morphological examination of specimens, coupled with phylogenetic sequence data to better integrate taxa into appropriate taxonomic ranks and infer their evolutionary relationships.
Xylariomycetidae
(
Ascomycota
) is a highly diversified group with variable stromatic characters. Our research focused on inconspicuous stromatic xylarialean taxa from China, Italy, Russia, Thailand ...and the United Kingdom. Detailed morphological descriptions, illustrations and combined ITS-LSU-
rpb
2-
tub
2-
tef
1 phylogenies revealed 39 taxa from our collections belonging to
Amphisphaeriales
and
Xylariales
. A new family (
Appendicosporaceae
), five new genera (
Magnostiolata
,
Melanostictus
,
Neoamphisphaeria
,
Nigropunctata
and
Paravamsapriya
), 27 new species (
Acrocordiella photiniicola
,
Allocryptovalsa sichuanensis
,
Amphisphaeria parvispora
,
Anthostomella lamiacearum
,
Apiospora guiyangensis
,
A
.
sichuanensis
,
Biscogniauxia magna
,
Eutypa camelliae
,
Helicogermslita clypeata
,
Hypocopra zeae
,
Magnostiolata mucida
,
Melanostictus longiostiolatus
,
M
.
thailandicus
,
Nemania longipedicellata
,
N
.
delonicis
,
N
.
paraphysata
,
N
.
thailandensis
,
Neoamphisphaeria hyalinospora
,
Neoanthostomella bambusicola
,
Nigropunctata bambusicola
,
N
.
nigrocircularis
,
N
.
thailandica
,
Occultitheca rosae
,
Paravamsapriya ostiolata
,
Peroneutypa leucaenae
,
Seiridium italicum
and
Vamsapriya mucosa
) and seven new host/geographical records are introduced and reported. Divergence time estimates indicate that
Delonicicolales
diverged from
Amphisphaeriales
+
Xylariales
at 161 (123–197) MYA.
Amphisphaeriales
and
Xylariales
diverged 154 (117–190) MYA with a crown age of 127 (92–165) MYA and 147 (111–184) MYA, respectively.
Appendicosporaceae
(
Amphisphaeriales
) has a stem age of 89 (65–117) MYA. Ancestral character state reconstruction indicates that astromatic, clypeate ascomata with aseptate, hyaline ascospores that lack germ slits may probably be ancestral
Xylariomycetidae
having plant-fungal endophytic associations. The
Amphisphaeriales
remained mostly astromatic with common septate, hyaline ascospores. Stromatic variations may have developed mostly during the Cretaceous period. Brown ascospores are common in
Xylariales
, but they first appeared in
Amphisphaeriaceae
,
Melogrammataceae
and
Sporocadaceae
during the early Cretaceous. The ascospore germ slits appeared only in
Xylariales
during the Cretaceous after the divergence of
Lopadostomataceae
. Hyaline, filiform and apiospores may have appeared as separate lineages, providing the basis for
Xylariaceae
, which may have diverged independently. The future classification of polyphyletic xylarialean taxa will not be based on stromatic variations, but the type of ring, the colour of the ascospores, and the presence or absence or the type of germ slit.
Lecanosticta acicola is a pine needle pathogen causing brown spot needle blight that results in premature needle shedding with considerable damage described in North America, Europe, and Asia. ...Microsatellite and mating type markers were used to study the population genetics, migration history, and reproduction mode of the pathogen, based on a collection of 650 isolates from 27 countries and 26 hosts across the range of L. acicola. The presence of L. acicola in Georgia was confirmed in this study. Migration analyses indicate there have been several introduction events from North America into Europe. However, some of the source populations still appear to remain unknown. The populations in Croatia and western Asia appear to originate from genetically similar populations in North America. Intercontinental movement of the pathogen was reflected in an identical haplotype occurring on two continents, in North America (Canada) and Europe (Germany). Several shared haplotypes between European populations further suggests more local pathogen movement between countries. Moreover, migration analyses indicate that the populations in northern Europe originate from more established populations in central Europe. Overall, the highest genetic diversity was observed in south‐eastern USA. In Europe, the highest diversity was observed in France, where the presence of both known pathogen lineages was recorded. Less than half of the observed populations contained mating types in equal proportions. Although there is evidence of some sexual reproduction taking place, the pathogen spreads predominantly asexually and through anthropogenic activity.
The pine needle pathogen Lecanosticta acicola has been introduced into Europe on several separate occasions with human activity supporting the pathogen's onwards spread from already established European populations into new areas.
Microfungi on Tamarix Thambugala, Kasun M.; Daranagama, Dinushani A.; Phillips, Alan J. L. ...
Fungal diversity,
2017/1, Letnik:
82, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Tamarix
species are small trees that grow in various natural habitats and have a wide geographic distribution. Microfungal species previously found on
Tamarix
and recently collected in Italy and ...Russia were identified based on morphological characters and analyses of gene sequence data. The sexual morph of the coelomycetous genus
Homortomyces
was collected for the first time and is described and illustrated. A new family,
Homortomycetaceae
(Dothideomycetes
, families incertae sedis
) is introduced to accommodate
Homortomyces
. Two new genera
Neomicrosphaeropsis
(
Didymellaceae
) and
Tamaricicola
(
Pleosporaceae
) are introduced in this paper.
Phoma tamaricicola
was recollected and is placed in
Neomicrosphaeropsis
based on morphology and molecular data. Ten new species,
Cytospora italica
,
C. unilocularis
,
Diaporthe ravennica
,
Eutypella tamaricis
,
Neomicrosphaeropsis italica
,
N. novorossica
,
N. rossica
,
Keissleriella tamaricicola
,
Paracamarosporium tamaricis
and
Tamaricicola muriformis
are introduced, while
Alternaria tenuissima
,
Dothiorella sarmentorum
,
Neofusicoccum luteum
,
Paraepicoccum amazonense
,
Pleospora herbarum
and
Pseudocamarosporium propinquum
are reported for the first time on
Tamarix
spp. with descriptions and illustrations. Multi-gene analyses show that
Paraepicoccum amazonense
should be placed in
Pleosporineae
,
Pleosporales
, where it is closely related to
Camarosporium sensu stricto
. Several herbarium specimens were studied to illustrate other fungal species recorded on
Tamarix
species. A comprehensive account of microfungi on
Tamarix
is provided, which includes a list with data from the literature, as well as those identified in the present study. The taxonomic placement of most taxa discussed in this study is based on a modern taxonomic framework based on analysis of multi-gene sequence data.
The phylogeny and taxonomy of powdery mildew on Viburnum species is evaluated and discussed. Morphological and phylogenetic analyses revealed two new species and demonstrated that Erysiphe hedwigii ...and E. viburni should be reduced to synonymy and are referred to herein as E. viburni. The two new species, E. viburniphila and E. pseudoviburni, previously hidden under E. viburni (including E. hedwigii), is described on the basis of European, North American, and East Asian powdery mildew collections on Viburnum edule, V. tinus, V. odoratissimum var. awabuki, and V. sieboldii. The sexual morph of E. viburniphila is similar to that of E. viburni; however, morphological differences exist in their asexual morphs. Analyses of sequences from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and 28S genomic regions of Erysiphe species obtained on Viburnum species (and other closely allied Eryisphe species) throughout the world reveled that E. viburniphila and E. pseudoviburni are in two different monophyletic groups that are separate from all other Erysiphe species. Erysiphe hedwigii and E. viburni on Viburnum species have often been recognized as separate species based on morphological differences in the size of their chasmothecia and the number of chasmothecial appendages. Taxonomic conclusions based on these morphological distinctions within these species are unreliable (these characters are rather variable and often have overlapping ranges). The present phylogenetic analyses suggest that E. hedwigii has to be reduced to synonymy with E. viburni. To fix the application of the species names E. hedwigii and E. viburni, epitypes have been designated for these taxa with ex-epitype sequences. Additionally, the Asian species E. miranda is phylogenetically confirmed as a species of its own, described in detail and discussed.
Ophiobolus
is a large genus of
Phaeosphaeriaceae
comprising more than 350 possible species, most of which are saprobes on herbaceous plants in Europe and North America.
Ophiobolus
species are ...polyphyletic and the type of
Ophiobolus
is not represented in GenBank. Therefore, an increased taxon sampling of ophiobolus-like taxa and epitypification of the type species,
O. disseminans
is reported. Multigene phylogenetic analyses of combined LSU, SSU, TEF1-α and ITS sequence data position
O. disseminans
in a sister clade with
O. ponticus
and several
Entodesmium
species in
Phaeosphaeriaceae
with high support. Therefore,
Entodesmium
is synonymized under
Ophiobolus
.
Premilcurensis
with it type species,
P. senecionis
also clusters within the
Ophiobolus
clade and is synonymized under
Ophiobolus
.
Ophiobolus rossicus
sp. nov. is introduced and a reference specimen is designated for
O. ponticus
. Other ophiobolus-like taxa (
Ophiobolus sensu lato
) can be distinguished as three main groups, which are introduced as new genera.
Ophiobolopsis
is introduced to accommodate the new species,
Ophiobolopsis italica
. The new genus
Paraophiobolus
is introduced to accommodate
P. arundinis
sp. nov. and
P. plantaginis
comb. nov. This genus is characterized by hyaline to pale yellowish ascospores, some green-yellowish at maturity, with a swollen cell, terminal appendages and ascospores not separating into part spores.
Pseudoophiobolus
gen. nov. is introduced to accommodate six new species and two new combinations, viz.
Ps. achilleae
,
Ps. erythrosporus
,
Ps. galii
,
Ps. italicus
,
Ps. mathieui
,
Ps. rosae
,
Ps. subhyalinisporus
and
Ps. urticicola
.
Pseudoophiobolus
is characterized by subhyaline to pale yellowish or yellowish ascospores, with a swollen cell, lack of terminal appendages and ascospores that do not separate into part spores and is related to
Nodulosphaeria
. An updated tree for
Phaeosphaeriaceae
based on multigene analysis is also provided.
The species richness and composition of macro- and microfungi on vine species in the parks of Ekaterinburg City (the Ural macroregion, Russia) located in the southern boreal vegetation subzone in a ...continental climate was studied. The average annual air temperature has increased by 3.1 °C since the beginning of the 20th century; therefore, the conditions for the growth of vines have improved. These conditions include warmer winters and, consequently, less frost damage to perennial plants. Due to the warmer climate, the area of vines grown in the city has increased five times over half a century, and the yield of grapes has grown 3.7 times. The alien East Asian vines are the most dominate vine species cultivated, while European, North American, and native plant species, including archaeophytes, together only represent a handful of the species cultivated. At the same time, 65% of the area of woody vines in the city is covered by a North American species, namely Parthenocissus quinquefolia. An increase in the number of vine species, their biomass, and covered areas contributes to an increase in the number of fungal species growing on these vine species. In total, 81 species of phytopathogenic and 87 species of saprobic macro- and microfungi have been recorded during the century-long history of mycological research in Ekaterinburg City. Mycobiota of vines in Ekaterinburg City is biogeographically heterogeneous and 1.1–3.2 times richer in comparison with ones of the regions located on the northern limit of natural ranges of the vines. Recorded macrofungi (Basidiomycota) are predominantly present on native boreal species; however, some exotic tropical and subtropical East Asian fungal species (that have not ever been recorded on other substrates in the natural forests of the Urals and Siberia) are found here too. Recorded microfungi are highly specialized vine-associated species (mainly Ascomycota) that are widespread within the natural ranges of the vines and absent in the boreal zone of Eurasia: there are 63 vine-associated species (15 macro- and 48 microfungi) in Ekaterinburg that are not found in the Urals on other substrates. Many of these species have been recorded for the first time in this study, so we consider that they invaded Ekaterinburg City in the last 20 years, likely due to the warming climate observed over the last decades in the region. There are 19 and 32 species of phytopathogenic fungi collected in the families Cucurbitaceae and Vitaceae, respectively. During the past 40 years, the recorded fungal species richness has increased by 16% on Cucurbitaceae, as well as 37% on grapes. In this study, the distribution of vine-associated fungi, including phytopathogenic fungal species, from the nearest regions of ancient vine culture (Southern European Russia and the Caucasus, Central Asia, the south of the Russian Far East) to the boreal regions of the Urals were investigated. The increase in the range of these phytopathogenic fungal species can lead to significant economic losses to the regional agricultural sector.
Revision and phylogeny of Leptosphaeriaceae Ariyawansa, Hiran A.; Phukhamsakda, Chayanard; Thambugala, Kasun M. ...
Fungal diversity,
09/2015, Letnik:
74, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Leptosphaeriaceae is a family in the order Pleosporales comprising economically important plant pathogens. Species may also be endophytes or saprobes on various host plants. In recent classifications ...Alternariaster, Leptosphaeria, Neophaeosphaeria, Paraleptosphaeria, Heterospora, Subplenodomus and Plenodomus were included in the family. The taxonomy of genera and species in Leptosphaeriaceae has been problematic due to the lack of understanding of the importance of morphological characters used to distinguish taxa, as well as the lack of reference strains. In order to establish evolutionary relationships and to provide a backbone tree for Leptosphaeria and allied genera, we sequenced the 18S nrDNA, 28S nrDNA, ITS, RPB2, TEF and ACT gene regions of Leptosphaeriaceae species and analysed this data. Multi-locus phylogenies together with morphology robustly support the monophyletic nature of Leptosphaeriaceae among the other families in Pleosporales, and the inclusion of the genera Alternariaster, Heterospora, Leptosphaeria, Paraleptosphaeria, Sphaerellopsis, Subplenodomus, Plenodomus and three novel genera Alloleptosphaeria, Neoleptosphaeria and Pseudoleptosphaeria. Five new species, Alternariaster centaureae-diffusae, Leptosphaeria cichorium, Paraleptosphaeria rubi, Plenodomus guttulatus and P. salviae are introduced. An account of sexual morph of Alternariaster centaureae-diffusae is provided, and the sexual morph of Leptosphaeria doliolum is re-described and illustrated using modern concepts from fresh collections. A novel family Neophaeosphaeriaceae is established to accommodate the genus Neophaeosphaeria and its species.
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