Overcoming barriers to circular product design Wang, Jason X.; Burke, Haydn; Zhang, Abraham
International journal of production economics,
January 2022, 2022-01-00, Letnik:
243
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The circular economy concept provides sustainability research with a new vision in place of the present linear economic model. This study focuses on product design, the starting point of applying ...circular thinking in supply chain functions. We investigate barriers to circular product design from a stakeholder perspective. Using thematic analysis and data collected from 15 semi-structured interviews in New Zealand, we identify four prominent barriers: financial constraints, inadequate infrastructure, government inaction, and global market barriers. The most influential stakeholder classes for overcoming the barriers are consumers, industry leaders, and governments. Circumventing measures lie in sustainable end-of-life product and waste management, resource circularity, modularity and standardization in design, and supply chain collaboration. Based on these new insights, we develop a roadmap for circular product design, providing practical guidance for businesses and policymakers. We also add to research on stakeholder theory by exploring its descriptive aspect in the context of a transition to circular economy at the supply chain level.
Circular economy (CE) provides an alternative development model to the dominant take-make-dispose linear approach, and thus a new vision for solving sustainability challenges. Firms need to ...operationalise CE in their supply chain operations, starting from circular product design as the foundational step. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how to integrate product design and supply chain management (SCM) decisions for a CE transition. A thematic analysis was conducted on data collected from 15 semi-structured interviews in New Zealand. Four propositions were established based on the identified themes, namely, end-of-life thinking in product design, circular SCM, business model innovation, and sustainable organisational values. The study results provide a novel insight into the integration of product design and SCM for a CE transition. The operational framework developed provides guidance to product designers, managers, and researchers to advance the CE cause at the supply chain level.
To estimate age-specific, sex-specific, and race-specific incidence of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) in the United States.
We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the ...State Inpatient Database of Florida (2016-2019), Maryland (2016-2019), and New York (2016-2018). All new cases of PRES in adults (18 years or older) were combined with Census data to compute incidence. We evaluated the generalizability of incident estimates to the entire country using the 2016-2019 National Readmissions Database (NRD).
Across the study period, there were 3,716 incident hospitalizations for PRES in the selected states. The age-standardized and sex-standardized incidence of PRES was 2.7 (95% CI 2.5-2.8) cases/100,000/y. Incidence in female patients was >2 times that of male patients (3.7 vs 1.6 cases/100,000/y,
< 0.001). Incidence increased with age in both sexes (
-trend <0.001). Similar demographic distribution of first hospitalization for PRES was also noted in the entire country using the NRD. Age-standardized and sex-standardized PRES incidence in Black patients (4.2/100,000/y) was significantly greater than in Non-Hispanic White (2.7/100,000/y) and Hispanic patients (1.2/100,000/y) (
< 0.001 for pairwise comparisons).
The incidence of PRES in the United States is approximately 3/100,000/y, but incidence in female patients is >2 times that of male patients. PRES incidence is higher in Black compared with non-Hispanic White and Hispanic patients.
BACKGROUND How the prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) has changed over time in various demographic subgroups of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) undergoing mechanical thrombectomy (MT) ...in the United States is unknown. Whether in‐hospital outcomes differ between patients with AF versus patients without AF after MT remains uncertain. METHODS We conducted a serial cross‐sectional study using all primary AIS discharges in the 2010 to 2020 National Inpatient Sample. Discharges with MT codes were identified (n = 155 277), and the proportion with AF in various age, sex, and racial subgroups were computed. We used multivariable‐adjusted negative binomial regression to compare AF prevalence between demographic subgroups and joinpoint regression to evaluate trends over time. Multivariable‐adjusted generalized linear models were used to evaluate the association of AF with in‐hospital outcomes. RESULTS Across the study period, 45.0% of AIS discharges with MT had AF, but prevalence varied by age, sex, and race or ethnicity. After multivariable adjustment, AF prevalence was 4% higher in women versus men (prevalence rate ratio, 1.04 95% CI, 1.01–1.07) and was lower in Black versus White (prevalence rate ratio, 0.80 95% CI, 0.77–0.84) but higher in Asian compared with White discharges (prevalence rate ratio, 1.11 95% CI, 1.05–1.18). Prevalence increased with age (prevalence rate ratio for ≥80 years versus 18–39 years, 5.23 95% CI, 4.28–6.39). Following joinpoint regression, prevalence increased by 3.2% (95% CI, 1.3%–5.2%) annually across the period 2010 to 2015 but declined by −2.2% (95% CI −2.9% to −1.4%) from 2015 to 2020. AF was associated with 22% lower odds of in‐hospital death (odds ratio, 0.78 95% CI, 0.71–0.85) and 13% greater odds of routine home discharge (odds ratio, 1.13 95% CI, 1.04–1.22) compared with no AF. CONCLUSION AF prevalence in patients undergoing MT in the United States is approximately twice that of the general AIS population. AF prevalence in MT increased from 2010 to 2015 but declined from 2015 to 2020. In the subset of patients with AIS undergoing MT, AF is associated with reduced in‐hospital death.
EG-1 positive eosinophils in asthma Stone, B D; Elias-Todd, T; Parrino, J
American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine,
2001-Jul-01, 2001-07-01, 20010701, Letnik:
164, Številka:
1
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