This cross-sectional study investigated if gender, education, and country of birth were associated with perceived need and unmet need for mental healthcare (i.e., refraining from seeking care, or ...perceiving care as insufficient when seeking it). Questionnaire and register data from 2008 were collected for 3987 individuals, aged 19–64 years, in a random population-based sample from western Sweden. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses were used. Men were less likely to perceive a need for care than were women, even after adjusting for mental well-being. Men were also less likely to seek care and perceiving care as sufficient. People with secondary education were less likely to seek care than those with university education. There were no statistically significant differences based on country of birth. The observed gender and education-based inequalities increases our understanding of where interventions can be implemented. These inequalities in unmet need for mental healthcare should be targeted by the healthcare system.
Aim
The aim of this study was to investigate whether the choice reforms in healthcare in Stockholm county in 2008 and 2013 changed the sociodemographic user patterns of outpatient healthcare services ...for children.
Methods
The study used regional data on healthcare use linked to sociodemographic data from national registers in the total population of children 0–15 years in the Stockholm county. Change in use of healthcare services was analysed in multiple linear regression in a difference in differences approach of socio‐economic indicators.
Results
The choice reform of 2013 increased children's overall use of specialised care by around 30% until 2017 while primary care use decreased by the same degree. The mean number of physician visits in specialised care for children with severe asthma increased from 3.9 to 5.2 per year. Overall, children in families with low maternal education, low disposable income and a non‐Western background increased their use of specialised care more than children from families with a more privileged socio‐economic situation.
Conclusion
There was no indication that the choice reform in Stockholm county increased the social disparities in use of primary and specialised outpatient care for children, rather the opposite.
This commentary refers to the article by Fisher et al on lessons from Australian primary healthcare (PHC), which highlights the role of PHC to reduce non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and promote ...health equity. This commentary discusses important elements and features when aiming for health equity, including going beyond the healthcare system and focusing on the social determinants of health in public health policies, in PHC and in the healthcare system as a whole, to reduce NCDs. A wider biopsychosocial view on health is needed, recognizing the importance of social determinants of health, and inequalities in health. Public funding and universal access to care are important prerequisites, but regulation is needed to ensure equitable access in practice. An example of a PHC reform in Sweden indicates that introducing market solutions in a publicly funded PHC system may not benefit those with greater needs and may reduce the impact of PHC on population health.
The household registration system (Hukou) in China classifies persons into rural or urban citizens and determines eligibility for state-provided services and welfare. Not taking actual residence into ...account may underestimate rural–urban differences. This study investigates rural–urban inequalities in self-reported health outcomes among older adults aged 60+, taking into account both Hukou and actual residence, adjusting for sociodemographic determinants, based on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in 2011 and 2015. Self-Rated Health (SRH) was assessed with a single question, functional abilities were assessed with the Basic Activities of Daily Living (BADLs) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs) scales, and depression was assessed with the 10-item version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Rural respondents had poorer socioeconomic status and higher prevalence of poor SRH, functional disabilities, and depression than urban respondents in both years, which were closely related to rural–urban differences in educational level and income. Impairments appeared at a younger age among rural respondents. Analyses using only Hukou registration and not actual residence resulted in underestimation of rural–urban differences. This study may serve as a basis for interventions to address rural–urban differences in health and social services and reduce health inequalities among Chinese older adults.
Understanding the mechanisms of implementation of public health interventions in community settings is a key aspect of programme assessments. To determine core components and establish a programme ...theory are important tools to improve functioning and support dissemination of programme models to new locations. An extended early childhood home visiting intervention has been developed on-site in a socioeconomically disadvantaged area of Sweden since 2013 with the aim of reducing persisting health inequities in the population. This study aimed at investigating the core programme components and how the intervention was perceived to contribute towards health equity from early childhood.
Qualitative framework method was applied in a document analysis and subsequent semi-structured interviews with 15 key actors involved in the programme.
The intervention was found to be constituted of five core components centred around the situation-based, parental strengthening work method delivered by a qualified team of child health care nurse and social worker. The programme theory foresaw positive effects on child and parental health, responsive parenting practices, families' use of welfare services according to need and increased integration and participation in society. The principles of Proportionate Universalism were recognised in the programme theory and the intervention was perceived as an important contribution to creating conditions for improved health equity for the families. Still, barriers to health equity were identified on the structural level which limit the potential impact of the programme.
The core components of the Extended home visiting programme in Rinkeby correspond well to those of similar evidence-based home visiting interventions. Combining focus on early childhood development and responsive parenting with promoting access to the universal welfare services and integration into society are considered important steppingstones towards health equity. However, a favourable macro-political environment is required in the endeavour to balance the structural determinants' influence on health inequities. Improved availability and accessibility to welfare services that respond to the needs of the families regarding housing, education and employment are priorities.
The study was retrospectively registered on 11/08/2016 in the ISRCTN registry ( ISRCTN11832097 ).
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
•Vaccine coverage differs by healthcare worker occupation, where physicians have highest coverage.•Sweden born have the highest and immigrants born in Europe have the lowest coverage.•Healthcare ...workers’ vaccine hesitancy is an occupational hazard and a risk of nosocomial infection.
Globally SARS-CoV-2 vaccine coverage varies among healthcare workers.
Based on Swedish registers, data on vaccination status as of 31 October 2021 were analysed for all adults aged 35–64 years, 3 861 565 individuals, in Sweden by healthcare worker occupation group and region of birth.
For both men and women vaccination coverage decreased in a graded manner by healthcare worker group with physicians having the highest coverage (96%), followed by registered nurses, licensed practical nurses, and nurse aides. Coverage also differed by region of birth for all groups of healthcare workers and non-healthcare workers with those born in Sweden with Sweden born parents having the highest coverage, and those born outside Sweden but within EU the lowest.
The difference in vaccine coverage by region of birth among healthcare workers, regardless of whether it results from socioeconomic inequalities or sociocultural beliefs, puts them at a great occupational hazard and increased risk of nosocomial transmission.
What Is Happening in Sweden? Burstrom, B
International journal of health services,
04/2019, Letnik:
49, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Election to the parliament was held in Sweden on 9 September 2018. None of the traditional political blocks obtained a majority of the vote. The nationalist Sweden Democrats party increased their ...share of the vote from 13% in 2014 elections to 17% of the vote in 2018. As no traditional political block wants to collaborate with the Sweden Democrats, no new government has yet been formed, more than 2 months after the election. Health care was a prominent issue in the elections. Health care in Sweden is universal and tax-funded, with a strong emphasis on equity. However, recent reforms have emphasized market-orientation and privatization in order to increase access to care, and may not contribute to equity. In spite of a majority of the population being opposed to profits being made on publicly funded services, privatization of health and social care has increased in the last decades. The background to this is described. Health is improving in Sweden, but inequalities remain and increase. The Swedish Public Health Policy from 2003 has been revised in 2018, on the basis of a national review of inequalities in health. The revised policy further emphasizes reducing inequalities in health.
Early childhood home visiting to improve health and development is commonly delivered by child health care (CHC) whereas home visitors from the social services are rare. We applied a constructivist ...grounded theory approach to explore the practice and contributions of parental advisors from the preventive social services in a home visiting collaboration with CHC in a socioeconomically disadvantaged area of Sweden. The analysis rendered a conceptual model of a situation-based practice, built on interactive encounters between parents and professionals. It includes strengthening of positive parenting, connecting parents to additional services, early detection of needs and provision of psychosocial support in accordance with each family’s specific situation. Rooted in the training and experience in social work, the practice can be seen as contributory to the delivery of complex support to families through home visiting and could provide input to efforts of improving training of home visitors in different contexts.
•The quality of primary care for chronic diseases must be improved in China.•County hospitals and primary care collaborated in an educational intervention.•Diabetes knowledge increased and fasting ...blood glucose level was lowered.•Education and integration improved care for patients with diabetes in rural China.
To assess the impact of an educational intervention for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in primary care in rural China, on fasting blood glucose (FBG) level and diabetes knowledge.
Patients with T2DM (n = 1,589) in 18 township health centres in three counties in Jiangsu Province were randomly divided into an intervention group receiving educational intervention and follow-up visits, and a control group with standard care. Questionnaires and medical records, including FBG level and diabetes knowledge score, were compared, at baseline and follow-up. Propensity score matching and Difference-in-Difference analysis were used.
The FBG level decreased significantly in the intervention group compared to the control group, DID=−0.53 mmol/l, (CI95 % −0.90 to −0.16). The diabetes knowledge score increased significantly in the intervention group compared to the control group, DID = 0.91, (CI95 % 0.64–1.18). The FBG level and diabetes knowledge score improved significantly in the intervention group in all counties.
The educational intervention and increased collaboration between hospitals and primary care improved the FBG level and diabetes knowledge score in the intervention group compared to the control group after one year.
Educational intervention and increased collaboration between hospitals and primary care may improve diabetes care in rural China.
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