This study provides validity evidence for the use of the Leadership Attitudes and Beliefs Scale III (LABS III; Wielkiewicz 2000) scores. The scale is based upon the ecology theory of leadership ...(Allen, Stelzner, & Wielkiewicz, 1998), and is designed to measure the attitudes and beliefs college students have toward leadership. This study was conducted with 845 college students at a large, mid-western, urban institution. The content of the LABS III items was examined to determine the relationship between the ecology theory of leadership and the scale. The items did not completely represent of the ecology theory. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to test the hypothesized two-factor model, and the data did not fit the hypothesized model well. The scale was modified using theoretically-supported model modifications and additional research questions were explored. The modified LABS III scores were correlated with scores from the Miville-Guzman Universality-Diversity Scale-Short Form (Fuertes, Miville, Mohr, Sedlacek, & Gretchen, 2000). A moderate correlation was found and this result supported the hypothesis that there is a relationship between attitudes toward diversity and attitudes toward leadership. The modified LABS III scores were also correlated with the subscale scores of the Student Leadership Practices Inventory (Posner & Brodsky, 1992). Moderate correlations were found and this result supports the hypothesis that leadership attitudes are related to leadership practices. It was hypothesized that age would be strongly correlated with leadership attitudes; however, the results did not support this hypothesis. The results also supported the hypothesis that men and women differ in their attitudes toward leadership. Further examination of the ecology theory of leadership in relation to the LABS III and the LABS III factor structure is recommended. The results from this study suggest that a number of theory-based hypotheses were supported. However, continued refinement of the theory and its relationship to the scale needs to be explicated. Only through continued reflection and careful study can the nomological net of the ecology theory of leadership be developed and contribute to research in leadership.
On ANA Crisis Busby, Anna Urda; Thompson, Margaret C.; Mccracken, Margaret M. ...
The American journal of nursing,
05/1970, Letnik:
70, Številka:
5
Journal Article
The malaria parasite
invades human red blood cells by a series of interactions between host and parasite surface proteins. By analyzing genome sequence data from human populations, including 1269 ...individuals from sub-Saharan Africa, we identify a diverse array of large copy-number variants affecting the host invasion receptor genes
and
We find that a nearby association with severe malaria is explained by a complex structural rearrangement involving the loss of
and gain of two
hybrid genes, which encode a serologically distinct blood group antigen known as Dantu. This variant reduces the risk of severe malaria by 40% and has recently increased in frequency in parts of Kenya, yet it appears to be absent from west Africa. These findings link structural variation of red blood cell invasion receptors with natural resistance to severe malaria.
On ANA Crisis Busby, Anna Urda; Thompson, Margaret C.; Mccracken, Margaret M. ...
The American journal of nursing,
05/1970, Letnik:
70, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Introduction
There is a growing number of older adults (≥65 years) who live with type 1 diabetes. We qualitatively explored experiences and perspectives regarding type 1 diabetes self‐management and ...treatment decisions among older adults, focusing on adopting care advances such as continuous glucose monitoring (CGM).
Methods
Among a clinic‐based sample of older adults ≥65 years with type 1 diabetes, we conducted a series of literature and expert informed focus groups with structured discussion activities. Groups were transcribed followed by inductive coding, theme identification, and inference verification. Medical records and surveys added clinical information.
Results
Twenty nine older adults (age 73.4 ± 4.5 years; 86% CGM users) and four caregivers (age 73.3 ± 2.9 years) participated. Participants were 58% female and 82% non‐Hispanic White. Analysis revealed themes related to attitudes, behaviours, and experiences, as well as interpersonal and contextual factors that shape self‐management and outcomes. These factors and their interactions drive variability in diabetes outcomes and optimal treatment strategies between individuals as well as within individuals over time (i.e. with ageing). Participants proposed strategies to address these factors: regular, holistic needs assessments to match people with effective self‐care approaches and adapt them over the lifespan; longitudinal support (e.g., education, tactical help, sharing and validating experiences); tailored education and skills training; and leveraging of caregivers, family, and peers as resources.
Conclusions
Our study of what influences self‐management decisions and technology adoption among older adults with type 1 diabetes underscores the importance of ongoing assessments to address dynamic age‐specific needs, as well as individualized multi‐faceted support that integrates peers and caregivers.
Genomic surveillance of Plasmodium falciparum malaria can provide policy-relevant information about antimalarial drug resistance, diagnostic test failure, and the evolution of vaccine targets. Yet ...the large and low complexity genome of P. falciparum complicates the development of genomic methods, while resource constraints in malaria endemic regions can limit their deployment. Here, we demonstrate an approach for targeted nanopore sequencing of P. falciparum from dried blood spots (DBS) that enables cost-effective genomic surveillance of malaria in low-resource settings. We release software that facilitates flexible design of amplicon sequencing panels and use this software to design two target panels for P. falciparum. The panels generate 3-4 kbp reads for eight and sixteen targets respectively, covering key drug-resistance associated genes, diagnostic test antigens, polymorphic markers and the vaccine target csp. We validate our approach on mock and field samples, demonstrating robust sequencing coverage, accurate variant calls within coding sequences, the ability to explore P. falciparum within-sample diversity and to detect deletions underlying rapid diagnostic test failure.
Older adults are characterized by profound clinical heterogeneity. When designing and delivering interventions, there exist multiple approaches to account for heterogeneity. We present the results of ...a systematic review of data‐driven, personalized interventions in older adults, which serves as a use case to distinguish the conceptual and methodologic differences between individualized intervention delivery and precision health‐derived interventions. We define individualized interventions as those where all participants received the same parent intervention, modified on a case‐by‐case basis and using an evidence‐based protocol, supplemented by clinical judgment as appropriate, while precision health‐derived interventions are those that tailor care to individuals whereby the strategy for how to tailor care was determined through data‐driven, precision health analytics. We discuss how their integration may offer new opportunities for analytics‐based geriatric medicine that accommodates individual heterogeneity but allows for more flexible and resource‐efficient population‐level scaling.
Abstract Aims There is a need to increase representation of diverse older adults in health‐related qualitative research to better understand and improve chronic disease care over the lifespan. Our ...aim was to elicit perspectives about research recruitment among a diverse sample of older adults with diabetes participating in a qualitative study. Methods Older adults with diabetes and caregivers were recruited through purposive sampling for semi‐structured interviews focused on diabetes self care. Six questions were used to explore recruitment strategies and recommendations for engaging older adults in research. We analysed interview transcripts using descriptive analysis to identify themes related to engaging older adults in research studies. Results Seventeen older adults with diabetes and three caregivers participated ( N = 20). Descriptive analysis revealed four themes: (1) Recruitment of older adults requires varied strategies to overcome barriers to engagement and participation; (2) Building and leveraging personal relationships is central to successful recruitment; (3) Transparent communication about the research process and value of the study is needed to inform and motivate older adults to participate; and (4) Research offers a connection to a broader community: sharing, learning and helping others. Conclusions We found four main themes related to the complexity of recruiting older adults for research studies. These insights may inform more effective, equitable and inclusive recruitment efforts targeted at older adults in the future.
The human genetic factors that affect resistance to infectious disease are poorly understood. Here we report a genome-wide association study in 17,000 severe malaria cases and population controls ...from 11 countries, informed by sequencing of family trios and by direct typing of candidate loci in an additional 15,000 samples. We identify five replicable associations with genome-wide levels of evidence including a newly implicated variant on chromosome 6. Jointly, these variants account for around one-tenth of the heritability of severe malaria, which we estimate as ~23% using genome-wide genotypes. We interrogate available functional data and discover an erythroid-specific transcription start site underlying the known association in ATP2B4, but are unable to identify a likely causal mechanism at the chromosome 6 locus. Previously reported HLA associations do not replicate in these samples. This large dataset will provide a foundation for further research on thegenetic determinants of malaria resistance in diverse populations.
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