Anthropogenic radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) from wireless technologies has increased dramatically. The boar semen used for artificial insemination is essential in sustaining the ...pig industry, and additionally it is also exposed to the effects of the RF-EMR of wireless technologies. Furthermore, there are no data on the effects of RF-EMR on semen quality, and this is the first analysis of sperm's morphometric parameters for assessing the effect of RF-EMR on the spermatozoa subpopulations of boars. This study investigated the effect of RF-EMR on in vitro exposed breeding boar semen spermatozoa motility and the proportions of spermatozoa subpopulations according to their morphometric head and tail parameters. The semen samples of 12 boars were divided into control and experimental groups. The samples in the experimental group were exposed in a gigahertz transverse electromagnetic chamber at a frequency of 2500 MHz (the frequency band used in 5G technology) and an electric field strength of 10 Vm
for two hours. After exposure, the spermatozoa motility was evaluated for both groups. A morphometric analysis of the semen smears was performed using SFORM software (Version 1.0; VAMS, Zagreb, Croatia). The progressive spermatozoa motility was significantly reduced in the experimental group (74.7% vs. 85.7%). PC analysis and cluster analysis revealed two spermatozoa subpopulations: S1, spermatozoa with a more regular head shape and a smaller midpiece outline, and S2, spermatozoa with a more elongated head shape and a larger midpiece outline. The experimental semen samples had a greater proportion of the S1 spermatozoa subpopulation (68.2% vs. 64.4%). The effect of RF-EMR at 2500 MHz on the in vitro exposed boar semen resulted in decreased progressive spermatozoa motility and a lower proportion of the spermatozoa subpopulation with a higher fertilizing potential.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of the dog’s age, semen quality, and the duration and season of semen transit on whelping rate and litter size after insemination with ...transported chilled extended semen. The sperm rich fraction was collected from 43 dogs of 18 breeds, which were presented at the Clinic for chilled semen transport, in the period from 2017 to 2021. Immediately after collection, the total sperm concentration and count, motility, membrane integrity (HOS test), the percentage of live spermatozoa and sperm morphology (eosin nigrosin staining) were evaluated. The sperm rich fraction was centrifuged and diluted with Tris – fructose - citrate extender with the addition of 20% (v/v) egg yolk, then chilled and prepared for shipping. A dose consisted of at least 200x106 live, motile, morphologically normal spermatozoa. The data on the dog’s age, chilled sperm transit time, the season of transit, and the whelping rate and litter size after insemination were recorded. The whelping rate was 55.8% with a mean (±SEM) litter size of 4.71±0.58 pups. The total number of spermatozoa was higher in artificial insemination (AI) that resulted in whelping compared to unsuccessful AI (P<0.05). No difference was observed for any of other sperm quality parameters tested, such as the dog’s age or season of transit regarding whelping rate or litter size. Transit time significantly affected the whelping rate (P<0.01), at (mean±SEM) 21.50±1.28 and 37.00±5.59 h in successful and unsuccessful AI, respectively. In conclusion, analysis of the factors related to the dogs identified total sperm count and transit time as factors that significantly affected whelping rates in bitches inseminated with transported chilled extended semen.
Nevidljivi među nama Butković, Ivan; Butković, Matea
JAHR (Rijeka ),
2023, Letnik:
14, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Cilj je suvremenih inkluzivnih vrijednosti, koje prožimaju europske i hrvatske obrazovne dokumente i kurikule, osigurati pravične i ravnopravne mogućnosti za razvoj svakoga učenika, bez obzira na ...njegove obrazovne potrebe te kulturno, etničko, jezično i socioekonomsko podrijetlo, a zastupljenost, realističan prikaz i prihvaćanje društvene različitosti u nastavnim materijalima naglašavaju se kao moćno sredstvo za prevladavanje diskriminacije, stigmatizacije i marginalizacije najranjivijih skupina u društvu. Stoga je iznimno važno da se u školskim udžbenicima vodi računa o zastupljenosti inkluzivnoga sadržaja. Cilj je ovoga istraživanja istražiti zastupljenost i prikaz osoba s invalidnošću u udžbenicima engleskoga jezika izdavača Profil-Klett (New Building Blocks 1, New Building Blocks 2, New Building Blocks 3, New Building Blocks 4) namijenjenima za poučavanje u prvim četirima razredima osnovne škole te ispitati odgovara li zastupljenost pojedine vrste invalidnosti u analiziranim udžbenicima stvarnomu udjelu osoba s invalidnošću u Republici Hrvatskoj. U istraživanju je primijenjena metoda analize sadržaja, a istraživanje je provedeno u tri faze. Prva i druga faza istraživanja uključivale su pomno čitanje svakoga udžbenika te analizu slika (fotografija i ilustracija) i teksta koji se odnosio na invalidnost ili osobe s invalidnošću. Sustav kodiranja temelji se na prilagođenome obliku istraživanja udžbenika engleskoga jezika koje su proveli autori Gulya i Fehérvári (2023). U trećoj fazi dobiveni rezultati uspoređeni su s udjelom osoba s invalidnošću u Republici Hrvatskoj (Registar osoba s invaliditetom). Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju na potrebu podizanja svijesti o uključivanju invalidnosti i osoba s invalidnošću u analizirane školske udžbenike s obzirom na to da trenutni nastavni sadržaji prikazuju samo oštećenje vida (primarno kod odraslih osoba), ali ne i druge kategorije invalidnosti, čime se ne odražava stvarni udio osoba s invalidnošću u Republici Hrvatskoj.
Contemporary inclusive values, which permeate European and Croatian educational documents and curricula, aim to ensure fair and equal opportunities for the development of every student, regardless of their educational needs and cultural, ethnic, linguistic and socioeconomic origin, and the representation, realistic portrayal, and acceptance of social differences in teaching materials has been emphasized as a powerful tool for overcoming discrimination, stigmatization, and marginalization of the most vulnerable groups in society. Therefore, it is vital that school textbooks contain inclusive content. The aim of this research was to investigate the representation and portrayal of people with disabilities in the English language textbooks published by Profil-Klett (New Building Blocks 1, New Building Blocks 2, New Building Blocks 3, New Building Blocks 4) intended for teaching in the first four grades of primary school and whether the representation of a particular type of disability in the analyzed textbooks corresponds to the actual share of people with disabilities in the Republic of Croatia. The research was conducted in three phases using the method of content analysis. The first and second research phases involved reading each textbook page and analyzing images (photos and illustrations) and text related to disability or people with disabilities. The coding system was based on an adapted form of English textbook research conducted by Gulya and Fehérvári (2023.). The obtained results indicate the need to raise awareness about the inclusion of content related to disabilities and people with disabilities in the analyzed school textbooks, given that the current teaching contents contain references only to visual impairments (primarily in adults) but not other categories of disability, which does not reflect the actual share of people with disabilities in the Republic of Croatia.
No safe and effective vaccine exists against porcine enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains, which are the etiological agents of post-weaning diarrhoea (PWD), economically one of the most ...significant diseases of swine, which encountered for major productive losses in swine industry worldwide. The current study was designed to evaluate: (1) efficacy of an oral bivalent F4ac+/F18ac+ non-ETEC live vaccine candidate (VACCINE) in stimulating systemic and intestinal cellular immunity in 4-week-old weaned pigs, (2) the onset and duration of protective immunity of weaned pigs against naturally occurring PWD during the period of 6 weeks following weaning, and (3) the dietary supplement potential of zeolite clinoptilolite (CPL), an antimicrobial mineral and/or immunomodulator/ vaccine adjuvant (VACCINE + CPL). The pigs immunized either with the VACCINE or its combination with dietary CPL had significantly increased body weight gain from Day 7 to Day 42 (P<0.05) of the experiment, as compared to the control pigs (CONTROLS). Conversely, the pigs that were only supplemented with CPL had mostly significantly lower (P<0.05) body weight. The pigs that received VACCINE + CPL were neither diarrheic nor were there any mortalities during the entire period of the experiment. On Day 42 the total bacterial load in the jejunum was much lower in the pigs from all three principal groups than in the CONTROLS (30 x 108 vs. 18 x 107 vs. 14 x 107 vs. 13 x 107 CFU/mL, respectively). Regarding CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, specific immunization with either VACCINE or with VACCINE + CPL stimulated a significantly higher proportion of these cells (P<0.05) from Day 7 to Day 42 of the experiment. Quite similar findings were obtained for CD21+ B cells, as their proportion was significantly elevated in the pigs treated with either VACCINE or VACCINE + CPL (P<0.05 and P<0.05, respectively). The pigs from the VACCINE + CPL group had a significantly higher proportion of CD45+ lymphoid cells than the pigs from the CONTROL group (P<0.05). Quite sparsely distributed CD45RA+ naïve T lymphocytes were observed in the jejunal lamina propria of the intestinal villi, within the Lieberkühn crypts (LC) and in the submucosa of the CONTROLS and CPL supplemented pigs. The treatment with the VACCINE induced moderate recruitment of CD45 RA+ cells within both the IFA and FA of the jejunal PP of the pigs 6 weeks following the vaccination. In the CONTROLS, CD45 RC+ memory T cells were not abundant and were mostly dispersed in the middle of the villous lamina propria, but only rarely adjacent to the basal membrane of the intestinal enterocytes. These cells were more frequent within the lamina propria of the villi in the CPL group of pigs than in the CONTROLS. Even more numerous CD45 RC+ memory T cells were observed in the villous lamina propria of the jejunum of the pigs from the VACCINE group. These cells were predominantly found in the villous lamina propria and in the IFA, but were less frequent in the FA of the jejunal PP of the pigs that received the VACCINE and CPL. Due to the nature of the disease, challenges in PWD vaccine development will continue to exist. Although our research approach was at least partially successful, developing a safe and immunogenically effective live oral vaccine against PWD that will provide solid protection and sustained cellular and humoral immune responses remains a significant challenge.
We report on a case of a two-year-old male dog, breed chow-chow, who suffered from urethral fistula as a result of ureterolithiasis. The urethral defect was identified intraoperatively with methylene ...blue. An autologous regenerative approach was combined with surgical closure of the defect, due to the well-known healing issues of the urethral wall in such conditions. A part of abdominal fat tissue was dissected to produce microfragmented adipose tissue containing mesenchymal stem cells, which was combined with platelet-rich plasma. The final product was applied in the area around the urethral defect closure. One month after the procedure, healing was confirmed with positive-contrast cystography. This therapeutic approach yielded success, and the follow-up period of one year was uneventful. The observed positive outcome of this approach in the canine model may be considered as a starting point for investigating the translational potential of the treatment in human medicine.We report on a case of a two-year-old male dog, breed chow-chow, who suffered from urethral fistula as a result of ureterolithiasis. The urethral defect was identified intraoperatively with methylene blue. An autologous regenerative approach was combined with surgical closure of the defect, due to the well-known healing issues of the urethral wall in such conditions. A part of abdominal fat tissue was dissected to produce microfragmented adipose tissue containing mesenchymal stem cells, which was combined with platelet-rich plasma. The final product was applied in the area around the urethral defect closure. One month after the procedure, healing was confirmed with positive-contrast cystography. This therapeutic approach yielded success, and the follow-up period of one year was uneventful. The observed positive outcome of this approach in the canine model may be considered as a starting point for investigating the translational potential of the treatment in human medicine.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Mastitis je upalna reakcija organizma na infekciju sekretornog dijela mliječne žlijezde. Uzročnici mastitisa dijele se bojanjem po Gramu na Gram-pozitivne i Gramnegativne; prema etiologiji na ...kontagiozne i uvjetovane uzročnike. Kontagiozni se uzročnici najčešće prenose tijekom mužnje i prouzroče dugotrajne, kronične mastitise, uglavnom subkliničkog tijeka. Za razliku od njih, uvjetovani uzročnici u pravilu izazivaju kratkotrajne infekcije, ali s češćim kliničkim manifestacijama. Inficirane se krave otkrivaju dijagnostikom mastitisa, koja se najčešće provodi neizravnim ili izravnim metodama određivanja broja somatskih stanica i bakteriološkom pretragom mlijeka.Zagrebački mastitis test je brza i jednostavna orijentacijska metoda u procjeni broja somatskih stanica koji se provodi u terenskim uvjetima. Somatske stanice čine epitelne stanice i leukociti. Nalaze se u mlijeku, ali se njihov broj i odnos mijenja ovisno o upalnim promjenama u mliječnoj žlijezdi. Kretanje broja somatskih stanica uglavnom ovisi o pojavi mastitisa, ali i o stadiju laktacije, životnoj dobi životinje, godišnjem dobu, ali i ostalim bolestima mliječne krave. Mlijeko s povećanim brojem somatskih stanica ima promijenjenu kakvoću. Mlijeko sadrži niži udio mliječne masti i laktoze, a povećan je i udio proteina i električna provodljivost zbog povišene koncentracija klora i natrija u mlijeku. Osim toga, mlijeko ima i smanjenu termostabilnost te mu je smanjena sposobnost podsiravanja i formiranja gruša. Takvo mlijeko ima užegli okus i nije pogodno za proizvodnju kondenziranog mlijeka, mlijeka u prahu i steriliziranog mlijeka. Rok trajanja sireva proizvedenih od takvog mlijeka zbog zadržavanja veće količine vode je smanjen. Pravilnim i redovitim provođenjem postupaka dezinfekcije sisa vimena prije i poslije mužnje poboljšava se prinos i kakvoća mlijeka, odnosno smanjuju se troškovi liječenja mastitisa, a povećava se i prihod farme.
Mastitis is an inflammatory reaction to an infection of the secretory part of the mammary gland. The causes of mastitis are divided by Gram staining into Gram-positive and Gram-negative, and according to aetiology into contagious and environmental causes. Contagious pathogens are most transmitted during milking, and cause long-lasting, chronic mastitis with a mostly subclinical course. In contrast, environmental pathogens typically cause short-term infections, but with more frequent clinical manifestations. Infected cows are detected by the diagnosis of mastitis, which is most often reached through indirect or direct methods of determining the somatic Cell count and by conducting bacteriological examination of milk. The Zagreb mastitis test is a quick and simple orientation method for estimating the number of somatic cells. Its advantage is that can be performed in field conditions. Somatic cells are made up of epithelial cells and leukocytes. They are normally found in milk, but their number and ratio change depending on inflammatory changes in the mammary gland. The somatic cell count can change depending on the occurrence of mastitis, but also on the stage of lactation, animal age, season and other diseases of the dairy cow. Milk with an increased number of somatic cells has an altered quality compared to the milk of a healthy cow. Milk contains a lower proportion of milk fat and lactose, and an increased proportion of protein. Furthermore, electrical conductivity is increased due to elevated concentrations of chlorine and sodium in milk. It also has reduced thermal stability and a reduced ability to curdle and form lumps. Such milk has a rancid taste and is not suitable for the production of condensed milk, milk powder or sterilized milk. The shelf life of cheeses produced from such milk is reduced due to the retention of a larger amount of water. Proper and regular disinfection of udder teats before and after milking raises the yield and quality of milk, and reduces the cost associated with mastitis treatment, thereby increasing both milk quality and farm revenues.
Elektromagnetsko se zračenje emitira iz prirodnog okruženja, ali i uporabom industrijskih i svakodnevnih uređaja za bežičnu komunikaciju, stoga su ljudski i životinjski organizmi stalno izloženi ...zračenju. Tijekom posljednjih godina, zbog brzog tehnološkog napretka, elektromagnetsko je zračenje iz umjetnih izvora premašilo je vrijednosti zračenja prirodnog podrijetla. Opća zabrinutost svih nas, zbog svevećeg broja uređaja (mobilni telefoni, prijenosna računala, Wi-Fi-ja i mikrovalnih pećnica), koji koriste radiofrekvencijsko elektromagnetsko zračenje (RF-EMZ) opravdana je zbog sve brojnijih dokaza o njihovoj štetnosti na žive organizme. Suvremeni uređaji moderne tehnologije emitiraju radiofrekvencijske elektromagnetske valove malih frekvencija koje ljudsko i životinjsko tijelo apsorbira što može imati potencijalne štetne učinke na: mozak, srce, endokrini sustav i reproduktivnu funkciju. Muški je reproduktivni sustav jedno od najosjetljivijih tkiva na RF-EMZ-e. Tako je primjerice, iz trenutno dostupnih studija provedenih in vitro i in vivo, jasno da RF-EMZ-e ima štetne učinke na spermatogenezu, odnosno kakvoću ejakulata ljudi i životinja – broj spermija u ejakulatu, preživljavanje, morfologiju i gibljivost spermija - utječu na stanični metabolizam i endokrini sustav i može prouzročiti genotoksičnost, genomsku nestabilnost i oksidativni stres, a to može prouzročiti neplodnost. Štetni učinci RFEMZ-a dijele se na: toplinske i netoplinske. Većinanegativnih bioloških učinaka pripisuje se netoplinskim učincima, a toplinski se učinci nastali RF-EMZ mobilnog telefona, smatraju manje štetnima. Zbog stvaranja prevelike količine reaktivnih kisikovih spojeva u muškom spolnom sustavu hipertermija skrotuma i povećani oksidativni stres mogu biti ključni mehanizmi putem kojih RF-EMZ-e utječe na plodnost muškaraca. Navedeni su i negativni učinci povezani s vremenom korištenja, ponajprije mobilnog telefona. Stoga je cilj ovoga preglednog rada opisati neke od učinaka RF-EMZ-a na muški spolni sustav.
Humans and animals are constantly exposed to electromagnetic radiation emitted from the natural environment, and through the use of industrial and everyday devices for wireless communication. Inrecent years, due to rapid technological progress, electromagnetic radiation from artificial sources has exceeded the values of radiation of natural origin. General concern about the increasing number of devices (mobile phones, laptops, Wi-Fi and microwave ovens) using radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) is justified due to increasing evidence of their harm to the living organism. Modern technology devices emit small frequency radiofrequency electromagnetic waves, which are then absorbed by the human and animal bodies and can potentially cause adverse effects on the brain, heart, endocrine system and reproductive function. It is believed that the male reproductive system is one of the most sensitive tissues to RF-EMR. It is clear from the literature that RF-EMR has harmful effects on ejaculate quality indicators (such as spermatozoa count in ejaculate and spermatozoa morphology and motility), affects cellular metabolism and the endocrine system, and causes genotoxicity, genomic instability and oxidative stress, which in turn may result in infertility. The adverse effects of RF-EMR are divided into thermal and non-thermal. Most negative biological effects are attributed to non-thermal effects, while the thermal effects from cell phone radiation are considered to be less harmful. However, scrotum hyperthermia and increased oxidative stress from the formation of excess reactive oxygen compounds in the male reproductive system can be key mechanisms by which RF-EMR affects male fertility. The negative effects associated with the duration of use of mobile phones are known and listed above. Therefore, the aim of this review article is to describe some of the effects of RF-EMR on the male reproductive system.
Elektromagnetsko se zračenje emitira iz prirodnog okruženja, ali i uporabom industrijskih i svakodnevnih uređaja za bežičnu komunikaciju, stoga su ljudski i životinjski organizmi stalno izloženi ...zračenju. Tijekom posljednjih godina, zbog brzog tehnološkog napretka, elektromagnetsko zračenje iz umjetnih izvora premašilo je vrijednosti zračenja prirodnog podrijetla. Opća zabrinutost svih nas, zbog sve
većeg broja uređaja (mobilnih telefona, prijenosnih računala, Wi-Fi-ja i mikrovalnih pećnica), koji koriste radiofrekvencijsko elektromagnetsko zračenje (RF-EMZ) opravdana je zbog sve brojnijih dokaza o njihovoj štetnosti na žive organizme. Suvremeni uređaji moderne tehnologije emitiraju radiofrekvencijske elektromagnetske valove malih frekvencija koje ljudsko i životinjsko tijelo apsorbira što može imati potencijalne štetne učinke na: mozak, srce, endokrini sustav i reproduktivnu funkciju. Muški je reproduktivni sustav jedno od najosjetljivijih tkiva na RF-EMZ-e. Tako je primjerice, iz trenutno dostupnih studija provedenih in vitro i in vivo, jasno da RF-EMZ-e ima štetne učinke na spermatogenezu, odnosno kakvoću ejakulata ljudi i životinja – broj spermija u ejakulatu, preživljavanje, morfologiju i gibljivost spermija - utječe na stanični metabolizam i endokrini sustav i može prouzročiti genotoksičnost, genomsku nestabilnost i oksidativni stres, a to može prouzročiti neplodnost. Štetni učinci RFEMZ-a dijele se na toplinske i netoplinske. Većinanegativnih bioloških učinaka pripisuje se netoplinskim učincima, a toplinski se učinci nastali RF-EMZ mobilnog telefona, smatraju manje štetnima. Zbog stvaranja prevelike količine reaktivnih kisikovih spojeva u muškom spolnom sustavu hipertermija skrotuma i povećani oksidativni stres mogu biti ključni mehanizmi putem kojih RF-EMZ-e utječe na plodnost muškaraca. Navedeni su i negativni učinci povezani s vremenom korištenja, ponajprije mobilnog telefona. Stoga je cilj ovoga preglednog rada opisati neke od učinaka RF-EMZ-a na muški spolni sustav.
The aim of this study was to describe a laparoscopic ovariectomy in a pygmy goat. This minimally invasive surgical technique was performed for the first time on this type of animal at the Clinic for ...Reproduction and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb. The owner requested this surgical procedure because of its advantages, such as the reduction of the incision size, the duration of surgery, the improved visualisation of the surgical site, the minimum extent of the anatomical approach and the reduction in any trauma, pain and postoperative complications including improved cicatrisation.
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