A
bstract
We examine current collider constraints on some simple
Z
′
models that fit neutral current
B
-anomalies, including constraints coming from measurements of Standard Model (SM) signatures at ...the LHC. The ‘MDM’ simplified model is not constrained by the SM measurements but
is
strongly constrained by a 139 fb
−1
13 TeV ATLAS di-muon search. Constraints upon the ‘MUM’ simplified model are much weaker. A combination of the current
B
s
mixing constraint and ATLAS’
Z
′
search implies
M
Z
′
>
1.2
TeV in the Third Family Hypercharge Model example case. LHC SM measurements rule out a portion of the parameter space of the model for
M
Z
′
>
1.5
TeV.
A
bstract
The large and growing library of measurements from the Large Hadron Collider has significant power to constrain extensions of the Standard Model. We consider such constraints on a ...well-motivated model involving a gauged and spontaneously-broken
B
−
L
symmetry, within the C
ontur
framework. The model contains an extra Higgs boson, a gauge boson, and right-handed neutrinos with Majorana masses. This new particle content implies a varied phenomenology highly dependent on the parameters of the model, very well-suited to a general study of this kind. We find that existing LHC measurements significantly constrain the model in interesting regions of parameter space. Other regions remain open, some of which are within reach of future LHC data.
In a pooled analysis of data from nearly 250,000 people from 52 studies, the authors estimated the incremental value of C-reactive protein or fibrinogen level for the prediction of cardiovascular ...risk when added to standard models of risk prediction.
There is an evolving debate about the value of assessing levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and other soluble biomarkers of inflammation for the prediction of first cardiovascular events. In 2003, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Heart Association (AHA) concluded that CRP may be used at the discretion of a physician as part of a global assessment of cardiovascular risk.
1
In 2007, the European Society of Cardiology described as “premature” the incorporation of CRP assessment into standard models for the prediction of cardiovascular risk.
2
In 2009, the Canadian Cardiovascular Society recommended CRP assessment in patients at . . .
We examine current Large Hadron Collider constraints on some simple
Z
′
models that significantly improve on Standard Model fits to
b
→
s
μ
+
μ
-
transition data. The models that we consider are the ...‘third family baryon number minus second family lepton number’ (
B
3
-
L
2
) model and the ‘third family hypercharge’ model and variants. The constraints are applied on parameter regions of each model that fit the
b
→
s
μ
+
μ
-
transition data and come from high-mass Drell–Yan di-muons and measurements of Standard Model processes. This latter set of observables place particularly strong bounds upon the parameter space of the
B
3
-
L
2
model when the mass of the
Z
′
boson is less than 300 GeV.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The Standard Model: how far can it go and how can we tell? Butterworth, J. M.
Philosophical transactions - Royal Society. Mathematical, Physical and engineering sciences/Philosophical transactions - Royal Society. Mathematical, physical and engineering sciences,
08/2016, Letnik:
374, Številka:
2075
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The Standard Model of particle physics encapsulates our current best understanding of physics at the smallest distances and highest energies. It incorporates quantum electrodynamics (the quantized ...version of Maxwell's electromagnetism) and the weak and strong interactions, and has survived unmodified for decades, save for the inclusion of non-zero neutrino masses after the observation of neutrino oscillations in the late 1990s. It describes a vast array of data over a wide range of energy scales. I review a selection of these successes, including the remarkably successful prediction of a new scalar boson, a qualitatively new kind of object observed in 2012 at the Large Hadron Collider. New calculational techniques and experimental advances challenge the Standard Model across an ever-wider range of phenomena, now extending significantly above the electroweak symmetry breaking scale. I will outline some of the consequences of these new challenges, and briefly discuss what is still to be found.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Unifying physics and technology in light of Maxwell's equations’.
A search for scalar particles decaying via narrow resonances into two photons in the mass range 65-600 GeV is performed using 20.3 fb(-1) of √s 8 TeV pp collision data collected with the ATLAS ...detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The recently discovered Higgs boson is treated as a background. No significant evidence for an additional signal is observed. The results are presented as limits at the 95% confidence level on the production cross section of a scalar boson times branching ratio into two photons, in a fiducial volume where the reconstruction efficiency is approximately independent of the event topology. The upper limits set extend over a considerably wider mass range than previous searches.
This follow-up study aims to determine the physical parameters which govern the differential radiosensitization capacity of two tumor cell lines and one immortalized normal cell line to 1.9 nm gold ...nanoparticles. In addition to comparing the uptake potential, localization, and cytotoxicity of 1.9 nm gold nanoparticles, the current study also draws on comparisons between nanoparticle size and total nanoparticle uptake based on previously published data.
We quantified gold nanoparticle uptake using atomic emission spectroscopy and imaged intracellular localization by transmission electron microscopy. Cell growth delay and clonogenic assays were used to determine cytotoxicity and radiosensitization potential, respectively. Mechanistic data were obtained by Western blot, flow cytometry, and assays for reactive oxygen species.
Gold nanoparticle uptake was preferentially observed in tumor cells, resulting in an increased expression of cleaved caspase proteins and an accumulation of cells in sub G(1) phase. Despite this, gold nanoparticle cytotoxicity remained low, with immortalized normal cells exhibiting an LD(50) concentration approximately 14 times higher than tumor cells. The surviving fraction for gold nanoparticle-treated cells at 3 Gy compared with that of untreated control cells indicated a strong dependence on cell type in respect to radiosensitization potential.
Gold nanoparticles were most avidly endocytosed and localized within cytoplasmic vesicles during the first 6 hours of exposure. The lack of significant cytotoxicity in the absence of radiation, and the generation of gold nanoparticle-induced reactive oxygen species provide a potential mechanism for previously reported radiosensitization at megavoltage energies.
The presence and accessibility of a sub‐ice‐surface saline ocean at Enceladus, together with geothermal activity and a rocky core, make it a compelling location to conduct further, in‐depth, ...astrobiological investigations to probe for organic molecules indicative of extraterrestrial life. Cryovolcanic plumes in the south polar region of Enceladus enable the use of remote in situ sampling and analysis techniques. However, efficient plume sampling and the transportation of captured organic materials to an organic analyzer present unique challenges for an Enceladus mission. A systematic study, accelerating organic ice‐particle simulants into soft inert metal targets at velocities ranging 0.5–3.0 km s−1, was carried out using a light gas gun to explore the efficacy of a plume capture instrument. Capture efficiency varied for different metal targets as a function of impact velocity and particle size. Importantly, organic chemical compounds remained chemically intact in particles captured at speeds up to ~2 km s−1. Calibration plots relating the velocity, crater, and particle diameter were established to facilitate future ice‐particle impact experiments where the size of individual ice particles is unknown.
Higher milk intake has been associated with a lower stroke risk, but not with risk of CHD. Residual confounding or reverse causation cannot be excluded. Therefore, we estimated the causal association ...of milk consumption with stroke and CHD risk through instrumental variable (IV) and gene-outcome analyses. IV analysis included 29 328 participants (4611 stroke; 9828 CHD) of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-CVD (eight European countries) and European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Netherlands (EPIC-NL) case-cohort studies. rs4988235, a lactase persistence (LP) SNP which enables digestion of lactose in adulthood was used as genetic instrument. Intake of milk was first regressed on rs4988235 in a linear regression model. Next, associations of genetically predicted milk consumption with stroke and CHD were estimated using Prentice-weighted Cox regression. Gene-outcome analysis included 777 024 participants (50 804 cases) from MEGASTROKE (including EPIC-CVD), UK Biobank and EPIC-NL for stroke, and 483 966 participants (61 612 cases) from CARDIoGRAM, UK Biobank, EPIC-CVD and EPIC-NL for CHD. In IV analyses, each additional LP allele was associated with a higher intake of milk in EPIC-CVD (β = 13·7 g/d; 95 % CI 8·4, 19·1) and EPIC-NL (36·8 g/d; 95 % CI 20·0, 53·5). Genetically predicted milk intake was not associated with stroke (HR per 25 g/d 1·05; 95 % CI 0·94, 1·16) or CHD (1·02; 95 % CI 0·96, 1·08). In gene-outcome analyses, there was no association of rs4988235 with risk of stroke (OR 1·02; 95 % CI 0·99, 1·05) or CHD (OR 0·99; 95 % CI 0·95, 1·03). Current Mendelian randomisation analysis does not provide evidence for a causal inverse relationship between milk consumption and stroke or CHD risk.
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