Canonic Texts in Media Research is premised on the view that certain writings in the field are (and should be) recognized as foundational points of reference. The collection had its origins in a ...conference, organized by Tamar liebes, held at the Smart Institute at the Hebrew University in April 1996. This project, as the editors reveal, was not without its critics. When the project was announced at a session of the International Communication Association held in Acapulco in 2000, a colleague shouted irately, "You can't do that!" Friends suggested to the editors that they should come up with a term other than "canonic" (such as "foundational," "classical," or "generative") to define the collection. Undeterred by these criticisms, the editors persisted and produced the volume with the term "canonic" retained in the title. While using the schools as a point of departure for their analysis of the texts might have some heuristic value, it can also serve to frame our understanding of the material presented in a distorting and misleading manner. For instance, the Toronto School, as the editors note, is "famous for its technological determinism." Yet scholarship over the past quarter century has demonstrated quite convincingly that this characterization is quite problematic. Indeed, the notion of schools as a way of organizing the selections can be called into question. A school of thought presupposes both a common purpose and an ongoing community. Although this designation works reasonably well for the Frankfurt School, it less easily depicts some of the others discussed in the volume. For instance, using the notion of a school to describe the work of those associated with University of Toronto-based thought implies a coherence that never really existed. While Innis and Marshall McLuhan were in sporadic contact at the University of Toronto, they never worked in a collaborative way in relation to communication, and McLuhan's claim that he built on the foundations of Innis' work is a highly dubious one. The designation "Chicago School" may have some relevance when strictly applied to the discipline of sociology; there was a concerted research program in this field at Chicago under Robert Park and Ernest Burgess and later within the collective work of what some have called the "second Chicago School." However, the inclusion of Dewey and Cooley within the Chicago School makes little sense; the former was a member of the philosophy department (1894-1904) well before Chicago Sociology cohered as a major force; the latter spent his entire career at the University of Michigan. Some make a strident case that the text in question ought to be recognized as a canonic work. Joel Meyerowitz, for instance, champions McLuhan against his critics and argues that McLuhan's Understanding Media is now more relevant than ever. Some offer an appreciative reading without pressing the text's merits as a possible classical work. Others use the work in question as a point of departure for exploring the author's work in general (as Mehanem Blondheim does for Innis). Some offer revisionist readings of a text, such as that by Peter Simonson and Gabriel Weimann on Merton's and Lazarsfeld's "Mass Communication, Popular Taste, and Organized Social Action." Paddy Scannell's approach to interpreting "The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction," by Walter Benjamin, is to provide a detailed contextualization of this much-cited essay. Tamar liebes chooses to move in the other direction, examining Herta Herzog's "On Borrowed Experience" in relation to recent debates about the audience. John Durham Peters examines his object of discussion-namely Raymond Williams' Culture and Society-against the backdrop of debates as well. But his point of reference is not contemporary discussions but rather the controversy that surrounded mass culture in the United States during the 1950s. Don Handelman confines himself to articulating the argument advanced by Donald Wohl and Richard Norton in their essay "Mass Communication and Para-social Interaction."
We present AdHocProx, a system that uses device-relative, inside-out sensing to augment co-located collaboration across multiple devices, without recourse to externally-anchored beacons – or even ...reliance on WiFi connectivity.
AdHocProx achives this via sensors including dual ultra-wideband (UWB) radios for sensing distance and angle to other devices in dynamic, ad-hoc arrangements; plus capacitive grip to determine where the user’s hands hold the device, and to partially correct for the resulting UWB signal attenuation. All spatial sensing and communication takes place via the side-channel capability of the UWB radios, suitable for small-group collaboration across up to four devices (eight UWB radios).
Together, these sensors detect proximity and natural, socially meaningful device movements to enable contextual interaction techniques. We find that AdHocProx can obtain 95% accuracy recognizing various ad-hoc device arrangements in an offline evaluation, with participants particularly appreciative of interaction techniques that automatically leverage proximity-awareness and relative orientation amongst multiple devices.
We describe marking menus, an extension of pie menus, which are well suited for stylus-based interfaces. Pie menus are circular menus subdivided into sectors, each of which might correspond to a ...different command. One moves the cursor from the center of the pie into the desired sector. Marking menus are invisible pie menus in which the movement of the cursor during a selection leaves an "ink trail" similar to a pen stroke on paper. The combination of a pie menu and a marking menu supports an efficient transition from novice to expert performance. Novices can "pop-up" a pie menu and make a selection, whereas experts can simply make the corresponding mark without waiting for the menu to appear. This article describes an experiment in which we explored both articulatory and cognitive aspects of marking menus for different numbers of items per menu and using different input devices (mouse, trackball, and stylus). The articulatory aspects are how well subjects could execute the physical actions necessary to select from pie marking menus. Articulatory aspects were investigated by presenting one group of subjects with the task of selecting from fully visible menus. Because one feature of marking menus is that users should be able to select from them without seeing the menus (by making a mark), we also ran two groups of subjects with invisible pie menus: one group with an ink trail and one without. These subjects were therefore faced with the task of either mentally representing the menu or associating marks with the commands they invoked through practice. These then are the cognitive aspects to which we refer. Our results indicate that subjects' performance degraded as the number of items increased. When menus were hidden, however, subjects performance did not degrade as rapidly when menus contained even numbers of items. We also found subjects performed better with the mouse and stylus than with the trackball.
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35.
Introduction Buxton, William J
Harold Innis on Peter Pond,
02/2020
Book Chapter
Harold Innis has long been considered as someone whose discussions of political and social life were marked by an emphasis on material factors – with particular reference to technology. Such an ...analysis, according to commentators, pervaded not only his early work on political economy but also his later writings on communication. All were thought to be characterized by an emphasis upon structure, with little emphasis given to issues of agency and the place of the individual in history.¹
This neglect of Innis’s engagement with biography is an artefact of how his oeuvres have been characterized. Not only has it been assumed
With the shift to hybrid meetings in work spaces, there is an increasing need to create a more inclusive hybrid meeting experience where people meeting together in a room interact with those joining ...remotely. This paper describes a design exploration, implementation, and evaluation of Perspectives, a novel hybrid meeting system that aimed to create an inclusive and equitable space for hybrid meetings. Perspectives digitally composites everyone into a virtual room so that each person has a unique but spatially consistent viewpoint into the meeting. The user study compared Perspectives with three commercially available UX designs for hybrid meetings: Gallery, Together Mode, and Front Row. Results from this study revealed key benefits of Perspectives, including supporting natural interactions, creating a strong sense of co-presence, and reducing cognitive load. Results from the study also helped iterate on the design principles of Perspectives, which offer important insights on supporting hybrid meetings.
Sketching Working Experience: The Workbook provides information about the step-by-step process of the different sketching techniques. It offers methods called design thinking, as a way to think as a ...user, and sketching, a way to think as a designer. User-experience designers are designers who sketch based on their actions, interactions, and experiences. The book discusses the differences between the normal ways to sketch and sketching used by user-experience designers. It also describes some motivation on why a person should sketch and introduces the sketchbook. The book reviews the different sketching methods and the modules that contain a particular sketching method. It also explains how the sketching methods are used. Readers who are interested in learning, understanding, practicing, and teaching experience design, information design, interface design, and information architecture will find this book relevant.
Features standalone modules detailing methods and exercises for practitioners who want to learn and develop their sketching skills Extremely practical, with illustrated examples detailing all steps on how to do a method Excellent for individual learning, for classrooms, and for a team that wants to develop a culture of design practice Perfect complement to Buxton's Sketching User Experience or any UX text Author-maintained companion website at http://grouplab.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/sketchbook/
Electrodiagnostic testing (EDX), the combination of electromyography and nerve conduction studies, is a useful extension of the physical exam. In the proper clinical context, it can help distinguish ...between the various nerve processes that may contribute to foot pain. This article discusses those processes, their clinical presentation, and the relative usefulness of EDX for each.
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