Tailor-made porous nanotube arrays are of great technological interest for the development of high-performance optical and electrochemical energy storage devices. Herein, we report facile successive ...electro-deposition (ED) methods to fabricate three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical porous NiO nanotube arrays on nickel foam with the help of ZnO nanorod template. The obtained hierarchical porous NiO nanotubes have a diameter of ∼170 nm and consist of interconnected branch nanoflakes of ∼10 nm. The resulting NiO nanotube arrays are well characterized as positive electrode materials for supercapacitor application by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge/discharge measurements. Due to the unique architecture, the NiO nanotube arrays exhibit a high capacitance of 675 F g−1 at the 2 A g−1 and 569 F g−1 at 40 A g−1, respectively, as well as good cycling stability. The proposed synthesis method is expected for fabrication of other nanotube arrays for applications in solar cells, gas sensors and Li ion batteries.
Hierarchical porous NiO nanotube arrays are prepared via facile successive electro-deposition methods and show superior supercapacitor performance with high capacitance. Display omitted
•Construct a hierarchical porous NiO nanotube array.•Porous nanotube array shows high pseudo-capacitive properties.•Porous nanotube array structure is favorable for fast ion and electron transfer.
Objectives
Chronic migraine (CM) is a prevalent and devastating disorder with limited therapeutic options. This study explored the efficacy of 10 mg/d flunarizine for CM prophylaxis as compared with ...50 mg/d topiramate.
Methods
We conducted a prospective, randomized, open‐label, blinded‐endpoint trial. Patients with CM were randomized to flunarizine and topiramate treatment. The primary outcomes assessed were the reductions in the total numbers of headache days and migraine days after 8 weeks of treatment. Secondary outcomes were reductions in the numbers of days of acute abortive medication intake and acute abortive medication tablets taken, and the 50% responder rate.
Results
Sixty‐two subjects were randomized (n=31/group). Patients treated with flunarizine showed significant reductions in the numbers of total headache days (−4.9 vs −2.3, P=.012) and migraine days (−4.3 vs −1.4, P=.001) compared with those treated with topiramate. Patients treated with flunarizine also showed significant reductions in the numbers of days of acute abortive medication intake (−2.3 vs −0.2, P=.005) and acute abortive medication tablets taken (−4.6 vs −0.5, P=.005) and had a higher 50% responder rate in terms of total headache days (58.6% vs 25.9%, P=.013) and migraine days (75.9% vs 29.6%, P=.001), compared with topiramate‐treated patients. Flunarizine was generally well tolerated and had a safety profile comparable to that of topiramate.
Conclusions
Our results suggest that, in an 8‐week study, 10 mg/d flunarizine is more effective than 50 mg/d topiramate for CM prophylaxis.
Purpose
This study aimed to concisely describe the current standards of care, major recent advances, common beliefs that have been contradicted by recent trials, areas of uncertainty, and clinical ...studies that need to be performed over the next decade and their expected outcomes with regard to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).
Methods
Narrative review based on a systematic analysis of the medical literature, national and international guidelines, and expert opinion.
Results
The use of venovenous ECMO (VV-ECMO) is increasing in the most severe forms of acute lung injury. In patients with cardiogenic shock, short-term veno-arterial ECMO (VA-ECMO) provides both pulmonary and circulatory support. Technological improvements and recently published studies suggest that ECMO is able to improve patients’ outcomes. There are, however, many uncertainties regarding the real benefits of this technique both in hemodynamic and respiratory failure, the territorial organization to deliver ECMO, the indications and the use of concomitant treatments.
Conclusions
Although there have been considerable advances regarding the use of ECMO in critically ill patients, the risk/benefit ratio remains underinvestigated. ECMO indications, organization of ECMO delivery, and use of adjuvant therapeutics need also to be explored. Ongoing and future studies may be able to resolve these issues.
We present a near-infrared spectral sequence of the electromagnetic counterpart to the binary neutron star merger GW170817 detected by Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory ...(LIGO)/Virgo. Our data set comprises seven epochs of J+H spectra taken with FLAMINGOS-2 on Gemini-South between 1.5 and 10.5 days after the merger. In the initial epoch, the spectrum is dominated by a smooth blue continuum due to a high-velocity, lanthanide-poor blue kilonova component. Starting the following night, all of the subsequent spectra instead show features that are similar to those predicted in model spectra of material with a high concentration of lanthanides, including spectral peaks near 1.07 and 1.55 m. Our fiducial model with 0.04 M of ejecta, an ejection velocity of v = 0.1c, and a lanthanide concentration of Xlan = 10−2 provides a good match to the spectra taken in the first five days, although it over-predicts the late-time fluxes. We also explore models with multiple fitting components, in each case finding that a significant abundance of lanthanide elements is necessary to match the broad spectral peaks that we observe starting at 2.5 days after the merger. These data provide direct evidence that binary neutron star mergers are significant production sites of even the heaviest r-process elements.
Cloud manufacturing (CM) and Internet of things (IoT) are interlinked, yet most works only focused on one of them and take the other as a constituent technology unit. This is practically inadequate, ...especially for a highly service-driven manufacturing execution system which entails systematical CM supports to respond to the real-time dynamics captured from the IoT-enabled execution hierarchy. To deal with the dynamics occurring in production logistics (PL) processes, this paper investigates a dynamic PL synchronization (PLS) of a manufacturer adopting public PL services. Contemporary CM and IoT infrastructures are systematically integrated to enable a smart PLS control mechanism with multi-level dynamic adaptability. The S-CM operation framework, operation logic, and PLS infrastructure are presented with an industrial case, and the effectiveness is also demonstrated and analyzed.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs that suppress gene expression by their interaction with 3'untranslated region of specific target mRNAs. Although the dysregulation of miRNAs has been identified in ...human cancer, only a few of these miRNAs have been functionally documented in breast cancer. Thus, defining the important miRNA and functional target involved in chemoresistance is an urgent need for human breast cancer treatment. In this study, we, for the first time, identified a key role of miRNA 520h (miR-520h) in drug resistance. Through protecting cells from paclitaxel-induced apoptosis, expression of miR-520h promoted the drug resistance of human breast cancer cells. Bioinformatics prediction, compensatory mutation and functional validation further confirmed the essential role of miR-520h-suppressed Death-associated protein kinase 2 (DAPK2) expression, as restoring DAPK2 abolished miR-520h-promoted drug resistance, and knockdown of DAPK2 mitigated cell death caused by the depletion of miR-520h. Furthermore, we observed that higher level of miR-520h is associated with poor prognosis and lymph node metastasis in human breast cancer patients. These results show that miR-520h is not only an independent prognostic factor, but is also a potential functional target for future applications in cancer therapeutics.
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor 3 (VEGFR-3) (also called VEGFR-3) is activated by its specific ligand, VEGF-C, which promotes cancer progression. The VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 axis is ...expressed not only by lymphatic endothelial cells but also by a variety of human tumour cells. Activation of the VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 axis in lymphatic endothelial cells can facilitate metastasis by increasing the formation of lymphatic vessels (lymphangiogenesis) within and around tumours. The VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 axis plays a critical role in leukaemic cell proliferation, survival, and resistance to chemotherapy. Moreover, activation of the VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 axis in several types of solid tumours enhances cancer cell mobility and invasion capabilities, promoting cancer cell metastasis. In this review, we discuss the novel function and molecular mechanism of the VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 axis in cancer progression.
A human-driven decline in global burned area Andela, N.; Morton, D. C.; Giglio, L. ...
Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science),
06/2017, Letnik:
356, Številka:
6345
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Fire is an essential Earth system process that alters ecosystem and atmospheric composition. Here we assessed long-term fire trends using multiple satellite data sets. We found that global burned ...area declined by 24.3 ± 8.8% over the past 18 years. The estimated decrease in burned area remained robust after adjusting for precipitation variability and was largest in savannas. Agricultural expansion and intensification were primary drivers of declining fire activity. Fewer and smaller fires reduced aerosol concentrations, modified vegetation structure, and increased the magnitude of the terrestrial carbon sink. Fire models were unable to reproduce the pattern and magnitude of observed declines, suggesting that they may overestimate fire emissions in future projections. Using economic and demographic variables, we developed a conceptual model for predicting fire in human-dominated landscapes.
Shearography and thermography are optical techniques, both proven to be valuable tools for material nondestructive evaluation. Papers on these topics, however, are scattered and mainly appeared in ...optical journals. For the convenience of the materials community, this paper aims to present a comprehensive review of shearography and active thermography and their applications in nondestructive evaluation of materials. Both techniques enjoy the merits of full-field, non-contact and allowing speedy detection of material defects in metal, non-metal as well as composites materials. However, they are fundamentally different in flaw detection mechanisms. Shearography measures materials’ mechanical response to stresses, whereas active thermography measures material's heat-transfer response to an instantaneous thermal excitation. A comparison of the advantages and limitations of two techniques for nondestructive evaluation will also be presented.
In today's society, displays are indispensable for digital interaction and personal contact. Therefore, the development of displays is an urgent need for the next generation. Leading the ...commercialization trends is the development of industrial, high-resolution, portable, and multifunctional displays. Moreover, for small-size portable displays, the most critical factor affecting future applications is their flexibility. Among the various materials that can act as the channel layer, low-temperature polycrystalline silicon (LTPS) is a potential candidate for next-generation portable displays, which require high resolution and stable reliability, and which can achieve virtual reality applications. This article is a review of the development of the LTPS thin-film transistors (TFTs) on soft and flexible electronics, especially the effect of mechanical strain. This article starts by providing an overview of the difficulties in fabricating LTPS TFTs on flexible substrates. The physical mechanism corresponding to each degradation caused by mechanical stress is presented next. Finally, to support the development of the flexible technologies and realize their commercialization, methods to overcome these mechanical strain-induced degradations are reported in three different aspects by understanding the physical degradation model.
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