The aim of this study was to evaluate the resorption of the iliac bone after maxillary reconstruction with a vascularized free iliac flap. Twenty-seven patients with maxillary defects who underwent ...maxillary reconstruction with the vascularized free iliac flap between January 2017 and January 2021 were included. Computed tomography (CT) images taken at 1 week, approximately 6 months, and 1 year after the surgery were used for evaluation. The total iliac bone thickness and height, cortical bone thickness, and cancellous bone density were measured in the CT images. Compared with 1 week after the surgery, the total thickness and height of the iliac bone were reduced significantly 1 year after the surgery, and the cortical bone thickness and cancellous bone density were reduced significantly at 6 months and 1 year after the surgery. Compared with 6 months after the surgery, cancellous bone density was reduced significantly 1 year after the surgery. In conclusion, during the first year after maxillary reconstruction with a vascularized free iliac flap, there was significant resorption of iliac bone, including the total iliac bone thickness and height, the cortical bone thickness, and the cancellous bone density.
1. This study developed a comprehensive sensory evaluation system that consisted of descriptions corresponding to United States Department of Agriculture photos to evaluate overall acceptability, ...albumen and yolk appearances and odours. It determined physiochemical parameters of eggs stored at 7°C (7W12 and 7U12 for washed and unwashed, respectively) for 12 weeks and stored at 25°C (25W4 and 25U4 for washed and unwashed, respectively) for four weeks.
2. Throughout storage, there was a general downward trend in Haugh units (HU) and yolk index and an upward trend in air cell size, weight loss and S-ovalbumin content were observed (P < 0.05). The 25W4 and 25U4 egg quality rapidly deteriorated from grade AA (HU 81.7) to grade B after two weeks (HU 46.5 and 49.6), whereas 7W12 and 7U12 eggs remained grade A after 12 weeks (HU 67.3 and 66.9). High correlations were observed between the sensory and physiochemical parameters (i.e., R
2
= 0.93, 0.93, 0.88 and 0.94 for albumen appearance, yolk appearance, sensorial odour and overall acceptability, respectively, with HU in 25W4 eggs).
3. Eggs stored at 25°C and classified into 'premium', 'class I', and 'class II' on the basis of their HU had estimated shelf life of 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 weeks, while shelf lives of 4, 9 and 15 weeks were estimated for 7°C-stored premium, class I and II eggs, respectively.
4. In conclusion, distinct HU requirements for eggs of different quality classes under two storage temperatures need to be established. Incorporating sensory evaluation with conventional physiochemical analyses is promising to assess and estimate egg quality changes. Further research work about the influences of different storage temperatures and possible temperature fluctuations during storage on egg quality changes is needed.
Multilayer structural system is expected to reduce demagnetization energy and obtain outstanding magnetic anisotropy. The effects of layer modulus (n) on the phase evolutions and magnetic properties ...of MgO/FePt
n
multilayer thin films were systematically investigated. The low ordering parameters and coercivity when annealing at 600 °C indicated that the existence of the MgO phase would enhance the L1
0
–FePt transformation temperature. When annealing at 800 °C, the coercivity of 9 kOe with a superior in-plane magnetic anisotropy was obtained in MgO/FePt
2
multilayer film. This multilayer film has reasonable exchange coupling interactions between the magnetic grains (
α
= 2.4) that could be utilized as an ideal candidate for micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS).
Both the whistler waves and high‐frequency electrostatic waves (HFEWs), playing significant roles in energy conversion, have been widely studied behind dipolarization fronts (DFs). Nevertheless, ...interactions between them have been so far elusive. Utilizing high‐resolution MMS data, we present two cases that HFEWs were modulated by whistler waves behind a DF. The HFEWs with frequency at fce ∼ fpe, propagating along the ambient magnetic field, were detected near δE// minimum (maximum) of parallel‐propagating (antiparallel‐propagating) whistler waves. The amplitudes of the HFEWs are comparable to that of the whistler waves, while their energy densities are two orders of magnitude lower than that of the whistler waves. The analysis indicates that the whistler waves were locally excited by anisotropic electron distributions and the HFEWs were excited by electron beams produced by the whistler waves via Landau resonance. Our study advances the understanding of wave‐wave interactions and cross‐scale processes in space plasmas.
Plain Language Summary
Dipolarization fronts (DFs) are generated by the interaction between busty bulk flows and ambient plasmas in the magnetotail plasma sheet. There are various waves and structures around DFs. In this study, we present observations of whistler waves and high‐frequency electrostatic waves behind a DF. The whistler waves are locally excited by anisotropic electron distributions, and modulate the high‐frequency electrostatic waves.
Key Points
Whistler waves and high‐frequency electrostatic waves (HFEWs) are simultaneously observed behind a dipolarization front
Whistler waves are locally excited by anisotropic electron distributions
HFEWs are excited by electron beams produced by the whistler waves via Landau resonance
The Fe78Si13B9 amorphous alloy ribbons and high-entropy amorphous alloy ribbons of (FeCoNi)78Si13B9 were prepared by melt spinning method. The decolorization performances of these ribbons were ...investigated in details. It was interesting that Orange Ⅱ solution of 40 mg/L can be degraded almost completely within 70 min and a reduction 52.4% in COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) value using Fe78Si13B9 amorphous ribbons, indicating the prominent capacity of alloys on the degradation of azo dyes. As for amorphous ribbons (FeCoNi)78Si13B9, they just presented a physical adsorption process, with no chemical degradation of dye molecules under the same conditions. Furthermore, the Fe78Si13B9 amorphous ribbons possess a higher decolorization reaction rate (kobs = 0.071 min−1) compared to the (FeCoNi)78Si13B9 ribbons, together with converting dye molecules to harmless micromolecule inorganic substances, which is of practical significance from the perspective of environmental protection. In addition, all the degradation process in this work fit well with the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The findings are attractive, valuable and promising for the practical applications and they have important implications in developing Fe-based high-entropy alloys for functional application materials in the field of wastewater treatment.
Display omitted
•The new type amorphous alloys Fe78Si13B9 and (FeCoNi)78Si13B9 are prepared.•A high degradation efficiency and reaction rate for decolorization of azo dye are acquired.•All the degradation process fit well with the pseudo-first-order kinetic model.•A 52.4% reduction in COD value is achieved without no other additional reaction conditions.
Electrospinning of collagen and chitosan blend solutions in a 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropanol/trifluoroacetic acid (v/v, 90/10) mixture was investigated for the fabrication of a biocompatible and ...biomimetic nanostructure scaffold in tissue engineering. The morphology of the electrospun collagen–chitosan nanofibers was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and stabilized by glutaraldehyde (GTA) vapor via crosslinking. Fourier transform infrared spectra analysis showed that the collagen–chitosan nanofibers do not change significantly, except for enhanced stability after crosslinking by GTA vapor. X-ray diffraction analysis implied that both collagen and chitosan molecular chains could not be crystallized in the course of electrospinning and crosslinking, and gave an amorphous structure in the nanofibers. The thermal behavior and mechanical properties of electrospun collagen–chitosan fibers were also studied by differential scanning calorimetry and tensile testing, respectively. To assay the biocompatibility of electrospun fibers, cellular behavior on the nanofibrous scaffolds was also investigated by SEM and methylthiazol tetrazolium testing. The results show that both endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells proliferate well on or within the nanofiber. The results indicate that a collagen–chitosan nanofiber matrix may be a better candidate for tissue engineering in biomedical applications such as scaffolds.
Aims
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is now the most prevalent and debilitating disease affecting the Chinese population. The goal of the present manuscript was to analyse cardiovascular risk factors ...and the prevalence of non-fatal CVDs from data gathered from the 2007-2008 China National Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Study.
Methods and results
A nationally representative sample of 46 239 adults, 20 years of age or older, was randomly recruited using a multistage stratified design method. Lifestyle factors, diagnosis of CVD, stroke, diabetes, and family history of each subject were collected, and an oral glucose tolerance test or a standard meal test was performed. Various non-fatal CVDs were reported by the subjects. SUDAAN software was used to perform all weighted statistical analyses, with P < 0.05 considered statistically significant. The prevalence of coronary heart disease, stroke, and CVDs was 0.74, 1.07, and 1.78% in males; and 0.51, 0.60, and 1.10% in females, respectively. The presence of CVDs increased with age in both males and females. The prevalence of being overweight or obese, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, or hyperglycaemia was 36.67, 30.09, 67.43, and 26.69% in males; and 29.77, 24.79, 63.98, and 23.62% in females, respectively. In the total sample of 46 239 patients, the prevalence of one subject having 1, 2, 3, or ≥4 of the 5 defined risk factors (i.e. smoking, overweight or obese, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, or hyperglycaemia) was 31.17, 27.38, 17.76, and 10.19%, respectively. Following adjustment for gender and age, the odds ratio of CVDs for those who had 1, 2, 3, or ≥4 risk factors was 2.36, 4.24, 4.88, and 7.22, respectively, when compared with patients with no risk factors.
Conclusion
Morbidity attributed to the five defined cardiovascular risk factors was high in the Chinese population, with multiple risk factors present in the same individual. Therefore, reasonable prevention strategies should be designed to attenuate the rapid rise in cardiovascular morbidity.
The Didymellaceae was established in 2009 to accommodate Ascochyta, Didymella and Phoma, as well as several related phoma-like genera. The family contains numerous plant pathogenic, saprobic and ...endophytic species associated with a wide range of hosts. Ascochyta and Phoma are morphologically difficult to distinguish, and species from both genera have in the past been linked to Didymella sexual morphs. The aim of the present study was to clarify the generic delimitation in Didymellaceae by combing multi-locus phylogenetic analyses based on ITS, LSU, rpb2 and tub2, and morphological observations. The resulting phylogenetic tree revealed 17 well-supported monophyletic clades in Didymellaceae, leading to the introduction of nine genera, three species, two nomina nova and 84 combinations. Furthermore, 11 epitypes and seven neotypes were designated to help stabilise the taxonomy and use of names. As a result of these data, Ascochyta, Didymella and Phoma were delineated as three distinct genera, and the generic circumscriptions of Ascochyta, Didymella, Epicoccum and Phoma emended. Furthermore, the genus Microsphaeropsis, which is morphologically distinct from the members of Didymellaceae, grouped basal to the Didymellaceae, for which a new family Microsphaeropsidaceae was introduced.
The mechanism of the charge density wave transition in quasi one-dimensional blue bronzes is still debated. Here, the authors report evidence of a Luttinger liquid in the normal state of blue bronzes ...and Holstein polarons below the transition temperature, revealing the important role of electron-phonon coupling in the transition.
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