Although numerous porous adsorbents have been investigated for NH3 capture applications, these materials often exhibit insufficient NH3 uptake, low NH3 affinity at the ppm level, and poor chemical ...stability against wet NH3 conditions. The NH3 capture properties of M2(dobpdc) complexes (M=Mg2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+; dobpdc4−=4,4‐dioxidobiphenyl‐3,3‐dicarboxylate) that contain open metal sites is presented. The NH3 uptake of Mg2(dobpdc) at 298 K was 23.9 mmol g−1 at 1 bar and 8.25 mmol g−1 at 570 ppm, which are record high capacities at both pressures among existing porous adsorbents. The structural stability of Mg2(dobpdc) upon exposure to wet NH3 was superior to that of the other M2(dobpdc) and the frameworks tested. Overall, these results demonstrate that Mg2(dobpdc) is a recyclable compound that exhibits significant NH3 affinity and capacity, making it a promising candidate for real‐world NH3‐capture applications.
A metal–organic framework adsorbent with open metal sites is presented. It has record high capacities over a wide range of NH3 concentrations as well as an exceptional stability upon exposure to wet NH3.
There is increasing interest in vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) for large scale-energy storage systems. Vanadium electrolytes which function as both the electrolyte and active material are ...highly important in terms of cost and performance. Although vanadium electrolyte technologies have notably evolved during the last few decades, they should be improved further towards higher vanadium solubility, stability and electrochemical performance for the design of energy-dense, reliable and cost-effective VRFBs. This timely review summarizes the vanadium electrolyte technologies including their synthesis, electrochemical performances, thermal stabilities, and spectroscopic characterizations and highlights the current issues in VRFB electrolyte development. The challenges that must be confronted to further develop vanadium electrolytes may stimulate more researchers to push them forward.
An effective dead-time control strategy for the three-phase dual active bridge (3P-DAB) converter of a distribution system is studied to reduce the switching losses of power switches and improve the ...under-light-load power conversion efficiency. Because of the advantages of a dual-active bridge converter, such as an inherent zero-voltage switching (ZVS) capability without any additional resonant tank and a seamless bi-directional power transition, this is an attractive topology for bi-directional application. The 3P-DAB converter is apt for high-power applications such as aircraft due to an interleaved structure, which can reduce conduction losses. However, the design of the dead time depends on engineering experience and empirical methods. In order to overcome the conventional practicality of the dead-time design method, the effective control of dead time is proposed based on the theoretical analysis. In this paper, the overall explanation of the 3P-DAB converter is shown with operation principles. In addition, the dead-time effect of the 3P-DAB converter is examined and the practical variable dead-time control strategy is studied. Finally, experimental results validate the proposed variable dead-time control strategy using a 25 kW prototype 3P-DAB converter.
This article presents a 36-channel scanning light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensor with an on-chip single-photon avalanche diode array. The sensor has an area-efficient 11-bit in situ ...histogramming time-to-digital converter with a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">3000 \times 78\,\,\mu \text {m}^{2} </tex-math></inline-formula> per channel area based on a mixed-signal accumulator, though it is incorporated with histogramming and filtering capabilities. Furthermore, owing to its embedded interference (IF) filter, the sensor can perform reliable direct time-of-flight measurements even with IF from 32 different LiDAR sensors. The LiDAR system also has a beam scanner that comprises dual laser diodes for IF elimination and a hybrid mirror such that high-resolution images with a resolution of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">2200 \times 36 </tex-math></inline-formula> can be acquired with a wide field-of-view of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">120^{\circ } \times 8^{\circ } </tex-math></inline-formula>.
The 26S proteasome, a self-compartmentalized protease complex, plays a crucial role in protein quality control. Multiple levels of regulatory systems modulate proteasomal activity for substrate ...hydrolysis. However, the destruction mechanism of mammalian proteasomes is poorly understood. We found that inhibited proteasomes are sequestered into the insoluble aggresome via HDAC6- and dynein-mediated transport. These proteasomes colocalized with the autophagic receptor SQSTM1 and cleared through selective macroautophagy, linking aggresomal segregation to autophagic degradation. This proteaphagic pathway was counter-balanced with the recovery of proteasomal activity and was critical for reducing cellular proteasomal stress. Changes in associated proteins and polyubiquitylation on inhibited 26S proteasomes participated in the targeting mechanism to the aggresome and autophagosome. The STUB1 E3 Ub ligase specifically ubiquitylated purified human proteasomes in vitro, mainly via Lys63-linked chains. Genetic and chemical inhibition of STUB1 activity significantly impaired proteasome processing and reduced resistance to proteasomal stress. These data demonstrate that aggresomal sequestration is the crucial upstream event for proteasome quality control and overall protein homeostasis in mammals.
Local radiotherapy (RT) is important to manage metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Although RT primarily reduces cancer cells locally, this control can be enhanced by triggering the ...immune system via immunotherapy. RT and immunotherapy may lead to an improved systemic effect, known as the abscopal effect. Here, we analyzed the antitumor effect of combination therapy using RT with an anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) antibody in primary tumors, using poorly immunogenic metastatic mouse mammary carcinoma 4T1 model. Mice were injected subcutaneously into both flanks with 4T1 cells, and treatment was initiated 12 days later. Mice were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: (1) control (no treatment with RT or immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)), (2) RT alone, and (3) RT+ICI. The same RT dose was prescribed in both RT-alone and RT+ICI groups as 10Gy/fx in two fractions and delivered to only one of the two tumor burdens injected at both sides of flanks. In the RT+ICI group, 200 µg fixed dose of PD-1 antibody was intraperitoneally administered concurrently with RT. The RT and ICI combination markedly reduced tumor cell growth not only in the irradiated site but also in non-irradiated sites, a typical characteristic of the abscopal effect. This was observed only in radiation-sensitive cancer cells. Lung metastasis development was lower in RT-irradiated groups (RT-only and RT+ICI groups) than in the non-irradiated group, regardless of the radiation sensitivity of tumor cells. However, there was no additive effect of ICI on RT to control lung metastasis, as was already known regarding the abscopal effect. The combination of local RT with anti-PD-1 blockade could be a promising treatment strategy against metastatic TNBC. Further research is required to integrate our results into a clinical setting.
To improve the reliability of dc microgrids operation, an enhanced power line communication (PLC) strategy is proposed using switching frequency modulation (SFM) of a power converter. The proposed ...PLC strategy uses the voltage ripple on the dc bus voltage, which is inherently generated by converter's switching activities as an information signal. By using the SFM, all microgrid components sharing the dc bus as communication channel can obtain power flow information with fast Fourier transform analysis of dc bus line frequency. In addition, the operating performance of the dc bus voltage regulator is enhanced over a range of light load conditions. The proposed PLC strategy and design of modulated frequency range are verified through experimental results using a 3.3 kW prototype dual active bridge converter.
We introduce indium arsenide colloidal quantum dot films for photovoltaic devices, fabricated by two-step surface modification. Native ligands and unwanted oxides on the surface are peeled off ...followed by passivating with incoming atomic or short ligands. The near-infrared-absorbing n-type indium arsenide colloidal quantum dot films can be tuned in energy-level positions up to 0.4 eV depending on the surface chemistry, and consequently, they boost collection efficiency when used in various emerging solar cells. As an example, we demonstrate p-n junction between n-type indium arsenide and p-type lead sulfide colloidal quantum dot layers, which leads to a favorable electronic band alignment and charge extraction from both colloidal quantum dot layers. A certified power conversion efficiency of 7.92% is achieved without additionally supporting carrier transport layers. This study provides richer materials to explore for high-efficiency emerging photovoltaics and will broaden research interest for various optoelectronic applications using the n-type covalent nanocrystal arrays.
This study aimed to estimate overreporting (the false positive) and underreporting (false negative) rates in self-reported IGD assessment compared with clinical diagnosed IGD. The study population ...consisted of 45 with IGD and 228 without IGD based on clinical diagnosis from the Internet User Cohort for Unbiased Recognition of Gaming Disorder in Early Adolescence (iCURE) study. All participants completed self-reported IGD assessments. Clinical interviews were conducted blindly by trained mental health professionals based on DSM-5 IGD criteria. Self-assessed average daily amount of gaming time and game genre were measured. Psychological characteristics, including anxiety, suicidality, aggression, self-control, self-esteem, and family support, were obtained from the baseline survey. The false-negative rate for self-reported IGD assessment was 44%. The false-negative group reported less time playing online games than the IGD group, though their psychological characteristics were similar to those of the IGD group. The false-positive rate was 9.6%. They reported more time playing online games than non-IGD group, though their psychological characteristics were similar to those of non-IGD group except self-control. The discrepancy of IGD diagnoses between self-reports and clinical diagnosis revealed limitations of self-measurements. Various strategies are required to overcome the methodological shortfalls of self-reports for the assessment of IGD.
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