Purpose - This research aims to examine the wildfire vulnerability of part-time and full-time residents in the wildland-urban interface (WUI) of Teton County, Wyoming. Are part-time residents ...creating more of a vulnerability to the community because they do not live in the community all year, they have limited experience with wildfires, and they perceive Firewise activities as not being effective mitigation practices?Design methodology approach - Data collection took place via a survey that inquired about respondents past wildfire experiences, if they do Firewise activities, and how effective they feel these wildfire home protection activities are. Responses were analyzed by Chi-squared and t-tests where appropriate.Findings - The results of this study indicate that part-time residents have the same past wildfire experiences and perceptions of Firewise activities, and do similar Firewise activities as full-time residents. This suggests that these communities in Teton County may be more homogenous in their vulnerability than other wildfire communities.Research limitations implications - Because of the limited geographic scope, results cannot be generalized for the entire county, the state of Wyoming, or other wildfire-prone residential areas. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to investigate other WUI areas.Practical implications - This research suggests that local and federal agencies in and near these communities talk to the residents of wildland-interface communities and help them become less vulnerable to the wildfire hazard.Originality value - This research adds to the limited know of wildfire-urban interface vulnerability and perceptions. It is significant because this interface will expand as amenity migration into these natural areas continues to occur.
We document the existence of a distinctive national naming pattern for African Americans in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. We use census records to identify a set of ...high-frequency names among African Americans that were unlikely to be held by whites. We confirm the distinctiveness of the names using over five million death certificates from Alabama, Illinois and North Carolina from the early twentieth century. The names we identify in the census records are similarly distinctive in these three independent data sources. Surprisingly, approximately the same percentage of African Americans had “black names” historically as they do today. No name that we identify as a historical black name, however, is a contemporary black name. The literature has assumed that black names are a product of the Civil Rights Movement, yet our results suggest that they are a long-standing cultural norm among African Americans. This is the first evidence that distinctively racialized names existed long before the Civil Rights Era, establishing a new fact in the historical literature.
This paper exploits recently available data on African economic growth to understand whether policy reform ("management") or the recent commodity boom ("metals") better explains Africa's recent ...growth experience. Results suggest that both factors have contributed to Africa's recent reversal of fortune. These findings are broadly consistent with those in the related empirical literature. This study is timely and important. Commodity booms are typically followed by commodity busts, as demonstrated by the IMF (2006). IF better economic management has played any positive role, it may be critical for protecting gains in growth outcomes and higher living standards when commodity prices eventually fall.
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has caused over 6 million deaths world-wide. In the pre-vaccination era, we noted a 5·3% SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positivity ...rate in 81,624 subjects.
Utilizing assays for serum SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein antibody (Roche) and neutralizing antibody (Diazyme), both >90% IgG, we measured antibodies in 13,189 subjects in the post-vaccination era, and in 69 subjects before and 60 days after booster vaccination.
In 2021, in 10,267 subjects, 25·0% had negative S protein levels (<0.80 U/L), 24·4% had low positive levels (0.80-250 U/L), and 50·7% had high positive levels (>250 U/L). Median neutralizing antibody levels were 1·16 and 2·06 AU/mL in the low and high positive groups, respectively. In 2022, we evaluated 2,016 subjects where samples were diluted 1:100 if S protein antibody levels were >250 U/L. Median S protein and neutralizing antibody levels were 2,065 U/L (86.3% positivity) and 2·68 AU/mL (68.0% positivity), respectively. Antibody levels were also measured in 69 subjects before and 60 days after receiving SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccinations. Treatment resulted in a 15-fold increase in S protein antibody levels from 1,010 to 17,236 U/L, and a 6-fold increase in neutralizing antibody from 1·51 to 12·51 AU/mL in neutralizing antibody levels, respectively (both P<0.00001), with a wide variability in response.
Our data indicate that by early 2022 86% of subjects had positive SARS-CoV-2 S protein antibody levels, and that these levels and neutralizing antibody levels were increased 15-fold and 6-fold, respectively, 60 days after SARS-Cov-2 booster vaccination.
Aim
The aim of this study was to implement a HIV stigma reduction/health literacy educational program to investigate HIV stigma reduction and HIV knowledge and health literacy expansion within a ...cross-generational African American faith center on the west side of Chicago.
Subject and methods
The study included a community-based mixed method design, enveloped with elements of “stigma reduction, intergroup contact and religious social capital” theories, analyzed a sample size of fourteen (
N
= 14) faith center participants’ pre- and post-assessment scores and their direct quotes gathered from focused observations.
Results
The study presented significant difference found in HIV knowledge (
p
= .007), and (HIV) health literacy (
p
= .041). Additionally, significant difference was found in four out of fifteen HIV stereotypes subscales scores on the Stereotype About AIDS Questionnaire.
Conclusion
The study suggests that HIV stigma has potentiality to reduce within the African American faith center population contrary to previous studies where HIV stigma reduction was not evident. The intervention model provided a protocol for partnership development between this faith center and the local community hospital infectious disease program to address HIV stigma, HIV knowledge and health literacy (HIV health literacy).
Continuity of care is a tenet of primary care. Our objective was to explore the relation between a change in access to a primary care physician and continuity of care.
We conducted a retrospective ...cohort study among physicians in a primary care network in southwest Alberta who measured access consistently between 2009 and 2016. We used time to the third next available appointment as a measure of access to physicians. We calculated the provider and clinic continuity, discontinuity and emergency department use based on the physicians' own panels. Physicians who improved, worsened or maintained their level of access within a given year were assessed in multilevel models to determine the association with continuity of care at the physician and clinic levels and the emergency department.
We analyzed data from 190 primary care physicians. Physicians with improved access increased provider continuity by 6.8% per year, reduced discontinuity by 2.1% per year, and decreased emergency department encounters by 78 visits per 1000 patients per year compared to physicians with stable access. Physicians with worsening access had a 6.2% decrease in provider continuity and an increased number of emergency department encounters (64 visits per 1000 panelled patients per year) compared to physicians with stable access.
Changes in access to primary care can affect whether patients seek care from their own physician, from another clinic or at the emergency department. Improving access by reducing the delay in obtaining an appointment with one's primary care physician may be one mechanism to improve continuity of care.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
From professional baseball to legal services, discrimination against sellers became widespread in the late 1800s and early 1900s. This article examines the means by which African American ...inventor-entrepreneurs overcame discrimination against them by consumers. It makes use of data from the advertising records of Garrett Morgan, who invented the modern gas mask and the traffic light. Both the deliberate use of measures, such as disguises and surrogates, and serendipity (the result of the racial neutrality of patents) were critical in facilitating sellers' anonymity and in promoting desirable economic outcomes.
This study examines the habitat suitability for the downy woodpecker (Picoides pubescens) for a parcel of land in Gourdneck State Game Area (GSGA), Kalamazoo County MI. Land within GSGA has undergone ...habitat restoration from forest and shrub to savanna and prairie, intentionally excluding two parcels. This study took place on one of the excluded parcels. The authors have used the Habitat Suitability Index Model created by the Fish and Wildlife Service to determine suitability. They measured basal area and number of snags in 0.4 hectares to determine the food and reproduction life requisites that are the basis of the Habitat Suitability Index Model for the downy woodpecker. Results revealed that the study site is ideal for the reproduction life requisite but the food life requisite could be improved with habitat management. While the study site is not optimal for both variables, they suggest that management could cull some snags that would make this site more suitable for the downy woodpecker.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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