To improve the pollutant removal efficiency by non‐thermal plasma (NTP), the effect of H2O vapor and O2 on removal efficiency of NO and SO2 as well as the reduction of CO was investigated in ...H2O/O2/SO2/NO/C3H6/CO2/N2 system. To analyse the reaction mechanism, the effects of H2O vapor and O2 on the emission intensity of O(3p5P→3s5S20) and OH(A2∑+→X2∏) were investigated. The experimental results show that the increase of H2O vapour (0%–9.8%) promotes the generation of OH radicals, increases the removal efficiency of NO from 18.9% to 57.3%, decreases the energy per NO removed from 449.0 to 148.1 eV/NO, increases SO2 removal efficiency from 4.8% to 35.3%, decreases the energy per SO2 removed decreases from 2784.0 to 582.9 eV/SO2, and reduces the generation of CO from 460 to 229 ppm. In the range of 0%–15%, the increase of O2 content promotes the formation of O radicals, increases the removal efficiency of NO from 8.5% to 54.2%, and decreases the energy per NO removed from 994.3 to 156.4 eV/NO. In the range of 0%–5%, increasing O2 content promotes SO2 removal efficiency from 8.7% to 24.8%, and decreases the energy per SO2 removed from 2485.7 to 876.6 eV/SO2. However, CO generation increases from 200 to 350 ppm with the increase of O2 in 0%–5% due to the incomplete oxidation of C3H6. In the range of 5%–15%, the increase of O2 produces more O radicals, decreases the removal efficiency of SO2 from 24.8% to 23.5% and the generates of CO from 350 to 311 ppm. This study is helpful for improving the efficiency of NTP for desulfurization and denitrification, while reducing the by‐product CO.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is among the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases, and approximately one third of patients with PD are estimated to have depression. Paraquat (PQ) exposure is an ...important environmental risk factor for PD. In this study, we established a mouse model of PQ-induced PD with depression to comprehensively investigate cellular heterogeneity and the mechanisms underlying the progression of depression in the context of PD. We utilized single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) to acquire the transcriptomic atlas of individual cells from model mice and characterize the gene expression profiles in each differentially expressed cell type. We identified a specific glutamatergic neuron cluster responsible for the development of heterogeneous depression-associated changes and established a comprehensive gene expression atlas. Furthermore, functional enrichment and cell trajectory analyses revealed that the mechanisms underlying the progression of PD with depression were associated with specific glutamatergic neurons. Together, our findings provide a valuable resource for deciphering the cellular heterogeneity of PD with depression. The suggested connection between intrinsic transcriptional states of neurons and the progression of depression can provide insight into potential biomarkers and specific targets for anti-depression treatment in patients with PD.
Our results obtained using model mice confirm the core effects of PQ exposure on glutamatergic neurons and their potential role in the development of PD with depression.
•A mouse model of PQ-induced PD with depression is established for the first time.•scRNA-seq reveals cell heterogeneity in PQ-induced PD with depression.•A specific glutamatergic neuron cluster is responsible for depression in PQ induced PD.•Pathway functional enrichment and cell trajectory analyses reveal the mechanism.
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) governs the fate of RNAs through m6A readers. Colorectal cancer (CRC) exhibits aberrant m6A modifications and expression of m6A regulators. However, how m6A readers interpret ...oncogenic m6A methylome to promote malignant transformation remains to be illustrated.
YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA binding protein 1 (Ythdf1) knockout mouse was generated to determine the effect of Ythdf1 in CRC tumorigenesis in vivo. Multiomic analysis of RNA-sequencing, m6A methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing, YTHDF1 RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing, and proteomics were performed to unravel targets of YTHDF1 in CRC. The therapeutic potential of targeting YTHDF1-m6A-Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 (ARHGEF2) was evaluated using small interfering RNA (siRNA) encapsulated by lipid nanoparticles (LNP).
DNA copy number gain of YTHDF1 is a frequent event in CRC and contributes to its overexpression. High expression of YTHDF1 is significantly associated with metastatic gene signature in patient tumors. Ythdf1 knockout in mice dampened tumor growth in an inflammatory CRC model. YTHDF1 promotes cell growth in CRC cell lines and primary organoids and lung and liver metastasis in vivo. Integrative multiomics analysis identified RhoA activator ARHGEF2 as a key downstream target of YTHDF1. YTHDF1 binds to m6A sites of ARHGEF2 messenger RNA, resulting in enhanced translation of ARHGEF2. Ectopic expression of ARHGEF2 restored impaired RhoA signaling, cell growth, and metastatic ability both in vitro and in vivo caused by YTHDF1 loss, verifying that ARHGEF2 is a key target of YTHDF1. Finally, ARHGEF2 siRNA delivered by LNP significantly suppressed tumor growth and metastasis in vivo.
We identify a novel oncogenic epitranscriptome axis of YTHDF1-m6A-ARHGEF2, which regulates CRC tumorigenesis and metastasis. siRNA-delivering LNP drug validated the therapeutic potential of targeting this axis in CRC.
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N6-methyladenosine reader YTHDF1 is amplified and overexpressed in colorectal cancer. YTHDF1-m6A-ARHGEF2 axis contributes to tumorigenesis and metastasis in colorectal cancer and is a potential therapeutic target.
•This paper proposes a complete design, simulation, and fabrication of ODR for high-efficiency and sidewall-emission-free µLED pixels with inclined sidewalls.•The µLED laminated structure is ...established to analyze the sidewall emission with an optimal inclination angle by two-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method.•The overall LEE of the inclined µLED pixel with ODR can be increased by 2.24 times and the sidewall emission is reduced by 99.6% compared with conventional vertical µLED pixels.•An ODR sample is prepared by magnetron sputtering, and an overall high reflectance of ∼ 99% covering the full visible spectrum at different incident angles is obtained.•The experimental results are highly consistent with the simulation, which provides important guiding significance for µLED displays.
Micro-scale light emitting diode (µLED) reduces the front self-luminous display area by orders of magnitude, which brings the increase of sidewall emission and the resulting crosstalk between adjacent sub-pixels of displays. Reflector coating on the µLED’s sidewall is effective for the collection and utilization of side emission light. However, the existing multilayer periodic dielectric mirrors are undesirable for all angular reflection. In this paper, an omni-directional reflector (ODR) is designed for the µLED display pixel to effectively utilize light leakage from the sidewall emission and improve the total light extraction efficiency (LEE). The designed ODR is insensitive to the angular distribution of the incident light, and has the capability to reflect the light reaching the µLED’s sidewall into the escape cone for front emission. By introducing the two-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method, the µLED laminated structure is established to analyze the sidewall emission with an optimal inclination angle. By introducing the ODR for the inclined µLED pixel, the overall LEE can be increased by 2.24 times and the sidewall emission is reduced by 99.6% compared with conventional vertical µLEDs. Simulation and experimental results are in good agreement. The proposed ODR is expected to achieve the increase of LEE and sidewall-emission-free µLED displays.
Paraquat (PQ) has been widely acknowledged as an environmental risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the interaction between splicing factor and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in the ...process of PQ-induced PD has rarely been studied. Based on previous research, this study focused on splicing factor 3 subunit 3 (SF3B3) and lncRNA NR_030777. After changing the target gene expression level by lentiviral transfection technology, the related gene expression was detected by western blot and qRT-PCR. The expression of SF3B3 protein was reduced in Neuro-2a cells after PQ exposure, and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger N-acetylcysteine prevented this decline. Knockdown of SF3B3 reduced the PQ-triggered NR_030777 expression increase, and overexpression of NR_030777 reduced the transcriptional and translational level of Sf3b3. Then, knockdown of SF3B3 exacerbated the PQ-induced decrease in cell viability and aggravated the reduction of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) protein expression. Overexpressing SF3B3 reversed the reduction of TH expression caused by PQ. Moreover, after intervention with the autophagy inhibitor Bafilomycin A1, LC3B-II protein expression was further increased in Neuro-2a cells with the knockdown of SF3B3, indicating that autophagy was enhanced. In conclusion, PQ modulated the interplay between NR_030777 and SF3B3 through ROS production, thereby impairing autophagic flux and causing neuronal damage.
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•The expression of lncRNA NR_030777 and splicing factor SF3B3 can be mutually regulated in neural cells exposed to paraquat.•Paraquat can reduce the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase by down-regulating the expression of SF3B3 in neural cells.•Knockdown of SF3B3 expression increases the expression level of LC3B-II in neural cells.
The redox-active electrolytes can cost-effectively enhance the energy densities of energy storage devices, which, however, face the challenge of short cycle-life and poor compatibility to device ...electrodes. Here, redox-active hydrogels can be facilely prepared with promising proton conductivities and electrode compatibility from the supramolecular complexation of neomycin sulfate and metal oxide clusters. Metal oxide clusters serve as both proton and electron reservoirs to simultaneously improve the proton conductivities of electrolytes and super redox properties for the pseudo-capacitance, leading to the enhancement of the energy densities of supercapacitors. Proton conduction follows typical Grotthuss mechanism through the fast dynamic arrangement of hydrogen bonding networks among water, neomycins and metal oxide clusters. With activated carbon as electrodes, the assembled supercapacitors of the hydrogels show excellent cycle stabilities. The supramolecular complexation of reversible redox active cluster opens an avenue for facile assemblies of highly efficient and robust super-capacitors.
Metal oxide clusters as proton and electron reservoirs are complexed with neomycin sulfate into hydrogel, which serves as the redox-active proton conductor in supercapacitor. The redox reversibility of metal oxide clusters not only enhances the energy density of supercapacitor, but also ensures the supercapacitor with the electrochemical stability. Display omitted
•Axial compression tests on steel-jacket retrofitted columns with RAC were undertaken.•Variable Poisson’s ratio of material was considered in the finite element model.•Developed an axial load ...capacity design model for the retrofitted columns.
It is an effective solution to strengthen structural column by using steel jacket and infill concrete for reinforced concrete (RC) structure retrofitting. In this research, the recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) is adopted as an infill concrete instead of using the normal concrete, in order to reduce the carbon footprint of construction. Fifteen columns including twelve steel-jacket strengthened columns, one unstrengthened column and two concrete filled steel tube (CFST) columns are tested to investigate the axial compressive behaviour of steel-jacket retrofitted RC columns with RAC. The variables among the tested specimens include the recycled coarse aggregate replacement ratio, RAC strength, steel tube thickness and preload of original column. Experimental results illustrate that using steel jacketing approach for retrofitting could significantly improve the strength, stiffness and ductility of the columns. The axial compressive strength of the steel-jacket retrofitted column with RAC is slightly lower than the one with normal infill concrete, but the influence of recycled coarse aggregate replacement ratios is negligible. The peak strengths of steel-jacket retrofitted columns can be significantly enhanced by increasing the thickness of steel tube. The performances of the steel-jacket retrofitted columns are similar to that of the CFST columns. The effect of the preload of original column on the ultimate strength of steel-jacket retrofitted column is limited. A finite element (FE) model is also developed by using ABAQUS software to simulate the performance of steel-jacket retrofitted columns. The accuracy of the model is validated through comparing with the experimental results. By using the developed FE model, the mechanical behaviour of the column is further discussed in details and extended parametric studies are undertaken to elucidate the effects of various influencing factors on the behaviour of the column and its components. The design methods for predicting the axial compressive strength of the retrofitted column with RAC are suggested.
•Tests on axially-loaded RC columns under horizontal impact loading are addressed.•Modern horizontal impact test facility is adopted.•Experimental tests are described with detailed results being ...given.•Comparison of impact force responses under horizontal and drop weight impact loads.•Comparison between test results and predictions by empirical formulations.
This paper presents an experimental study undertaken for investigating the dynamic responses of axially-loaded reinforced concrete (RC) columns under horizontal impact loading. A total of 15 square RC columns, categorised by three different types of cross-section dimensions, were tested using horizontal impact facilities. The test specimens had fixed boundary condition at their bottoms. The impact load was realised by a test truck and applied at the top position of the RC column. Three main parameters, namely the slenderness ratio, the impact weight and the impact velocity, are considered in the study. Based on the experimental results, the crack pattern, impact force, deformation, strain development and energy dissipation are discussed. Through the recording of the relative movement between hammer and specimen, the repeated process of contact and separation was observed. Compared with that of the conventional drop weight impact test, the impact force-time history curves obtained from the horizontal impact test show more fluctuationat the stabilisation stage, because the existence of gravitational acceleration of drop hammer and larger velocity in drop weight impact test accelerates the repeated process of contact and separation between the hammer and specimen. As the input impact energy increases, the flexure-controlled failure of column was observed, which is characterised by the yielding of tensile reinforcement and the spalling of concrete cover. The experimental results presented herein provide benchmark data for the further research study of RC columns subjected to horizontal impact forces. The equivalent static force calculated by empirical formula of AASHTO is adopted to compare with the experimental results, which indicates that the empirical equation only related to the impact weight and velocity could overestimate the equivalent static force that would leads to too conservative impact-resistance structural design.
Strong ionic character endows all-inorganic perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) with particular optoelectronic features when interacting with common polar solvents, such as water. However, the interaction ...mechanism of water affecting perovskite NCs is still lack of in-depth understanding. This study systematically explores the roles of water on CsPbBr
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nanocrystals (CNCs) by finely controlling the polymer coating degree of polydimethylsiloxane-based polyurea (PDMS-PUa). Through this coating, the effect of water on CNCs is found to experience from “fluorescence quenching” owing to irreversible crystal decomposition towards “forward fluorescence reversibility” by crystal destruction and recrystallization. With gradually enhanced coating, a phenomenon of “reverse fluorescence reversibility” is further observed in that water begins to passivate the CNCs’ defect states. Finally, “fluorescent balance” can be achieved with a thick enough coating, where water can hardly contact with the CNCs. Inspired by the fluorescence reversible mechanism discovered, a new wearable intelligent sensing skin is demonstrated by using the CsPbBr
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/PDMS-PUa composite as raw material. Both water contact and humidity change can be perceived through photoluminescence (PL) intensity, corresponding to stimuli-responsive sensory nerves of human skin. It is expected that these findings will shed some new lights on perovskite NCs.
•Drop weight impact tests on reinforced RAC beam were carried out.•The tri-linear model of dynamic resistance of beam was established.•The method for calculating the global damage energy dissipation ...is proposed.
In order to study the dynamic behaviour and energy dissipation of reinforced recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) beams under impact, four groups of reinforced RAC simply supported beams with various recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) replacement percentages are designed and tested under drop weight impact at the mid-span of beams and corresponding another four groups of beam specimens under static loading. The static resistance versus mid-span displacement curves are obtained from static loading test to analyse the effect of RCA replacement percentage on the beam's mechanical performance. It is concluded that the static resistance and stiffness of the RAC beam decrease slightly as the RCA replacement percentage increases and the deformation curve of reinforced RAC beam conforms to the classical bending theory of beam. In the drop weight impact test, the reinforced RAC beams failed with both global and local damage, and in bending controlled mode. The time history of impact forces, mid-span displacements and stress states of the beams are investigated. The mid-span displacement of the beams increases with the increase of RCA replacement percentage. The energy dissipation of the beams under impact is discussed based on the simplified resistance model. A concept of global damage energy dissipation is introduced and the method for calculating the global damage energy dissipation of the reinforced RAC beam under impact is proposed. The global damage energy dissipation ratio is defined and used to measure the proportion of global damage and local damage on reinforced RAC beam under impact. The experimental results presented here provide benchmark data for the further research work on the dynamic response of reinforced RAC beam under impact.
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