Gastric Cancer Originating from Bone Marrow-Derived Cells Houghton, JeanMarie; Stoicov, Calin; Nomura, Sachiyo ...
Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science),
11/2004, Letnik:
306, Številka:
5701
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Epithelial cancers are believed to originate from transformation of tissue stem cells. However, bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs), which are frequently recruited to sites of tissue injury and ...inflammation, might also represent a potential source of malignancy. We show that although acute injury, acute inflammation, or transient parietal cell loss within the stomach do not lead to BMDC recruitment, chronic infection of C57BL/6 mice with Helicobacter, a known carcinogen, induces repopulation of the stomach with BMDCs. Subsequently, these cells progress through metaplasia and dysplasia to intraepithelial cancer. These findings suggest that epithelial cancers can originate from marrow-derived sources and thus have broad implications for the multistep model of cancer progression.
The trend towards personalized healthcare has led to an increase in applying deep learning techniques to improve healthcare service quality and sustainability. With the increasing number of patients ...with multiple comorbidities, they need comprehensive care services, where comprehensive care is a synonym for complete patient care to respond to a patient’s physical, emotional, social, economic, and spiritual needs, and, as such, an efficient prediction system for comprehensive care suggestions could help physicians and healthcare providers in making clinical judgement. The experiment dataset contained a total of 2.9 million electrical medical records (EMRs) from 250 thousand hospitalized patients collected retrospectively from a first-tier medical center in Taiwan, where the EMRs were de-identified and anonymized and where 949 cases had received comprehensive care. Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are designed for analyzing time-series data but are still lacking in studying predicting personalized healthcare. Furthermore, in most cases, the collected evaluation data are imbalanced with a small portion of positive cases. This study examined the impact of imbalanced data in model training and suggested an effective approach to handle such a situation. To address the above-mentioned research issue, this study analyzed the care need in the different patient groupings, proposed a personalized care suggestion system by applying RNN models, and developed an efficient model training scheme for building AI-assisted prediction models. This study observed several findings: (1) the data resampling schemes could mitigate the impact of imbalanced data on model training, and the under-sampling scheme achieved the best performance with an ACC of 99.80%, a PPV of 70.18%, an NPV of 99.87%, a recall of 82.91%, and an F1 score of 0.7602, while the model trained with the original data had a very low PPV of 6.42% and a low F1 score of 0.1116; (2) patient clustering with multi-classier could predict comprehensive care needs efficiently with an ACC of 99.87%, a PPV of 77.90%, an NPV of 99.90%, a recall of 92.19%, and an F1 score of 0.8404; (3) the proposed long short-term memory (LSTM) prediction model achieved the best overall performance with an ACC of 99.80%, a PPV of 70.18%, an NPV of 99.87%, a recall of 82.91%, and an F1 score of 0.7602.
This study aimed to analyze the differences in colorectal cancer (CRC) survival between urban and rural areas over the past 20 years, as well as investigate potential prognostic factors for CRC ...survival in both populations. Using registry data from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) from 2000 to 2019, 463,827 CRC cases were identified, with 85.8% in urban and 14.2% in rural areas. The mortality of CRC surpassed its survival rate by the sixth year after diagnosis in urban areas and the fifth year in rural areas. Furthermore, the 5-year overall survival (OS) of CRC increased by 2.9-4.3 percentage points in urban and 0.6-1.5 percentage points in rural areas over the past two decades. Multivariable Cox regression models identified independent prognostic factors for OS and disease-specific survival (DSS) of CRC in urban and rural areas, including age over 40, Black ethnicity, and tumor size greater than 5 cm. In addition, household income below $75,000 was found to be an independent prognostic factor for OS and DSS of CRC in urban areas, while income below $55,000 was a significant factor for rural areas. In conclusion, this study found a notable difference in CRC survival between rural and urban areas. Independent prognostic factors shared among both rural and urban areas include age, tumor size, and race, while household income seem to be area-specific predictive variables. Collaboration between healthcare providers, patients, and communities to improve awareness and early detection of CRC may help to further advance survival rates.
Abstract Introduction With development in the techniques of reduction and fixation, there has been a controversy in comparison between intramedullary nailing (IMN) and plating for the treatment of ...distal tibial metaphyseal fracture (DTF). The study aimed to investigate: (1) which fixation, IMN or plating, was better in the clinical outcomes and in the complications for the treatment of DTF and (2) which modifying variables affected the comparative results between the two modalities. Methods PubMed, EMBASE, OVID, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and specific orthopaedic journals were searched from inception to July 2013, using the search strategy of ‘(‘Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary’ MeSH) AND (‘Tibial Fractures’ MeSH) AND (plate OR plating)’. All prospective and retrospective controlled trials comparing function, pain, bone union and complications between IMN and plating for DTF were identified. Our analysis had no limitation of the language or the publication year. The primary outcome measurements were complication rate, union time, operation time and hospital stays, while the secondary outcome measurements were functional score and pain score. Result Fourteen of 6620 studies with 842 patients were included. IMN was probably preferential to plating for DTF given its higher functional score ( p = 0.01), lower risk of infection ( p = 0.02) and comparable pain score ( p = 0.33), total complication rate ( p = 0.53) and time to union ( p = 0.86). However, plating had a lower malunion rate than IMN ( p < 0.0001). All the results were based on the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) evidence of moderate quality. Conclusions With a satisfying alignment obtained, IMN may be preferential to plating for fixation of DTF with better function and lower risk of infection. However, IMN showed higher malunion rate for fixation of DTF. With the biases in our meta-analysis, it will ultimately require a rigorous and adequately powered randomised controlled trial (RCT) to prove. Level of evidence Level III, therapeutic study (systematic review).
The two most important issues that plague wider use of stainless steel bipolar plates in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are insufficient corrosion resistance and surface ...conductivity. In this study, C/CrN multilayer coatings are deposited on 316L stainless steel samples by close-field unbalanced magnetron sputtering ion plating. SEM shows that the C/CrN coatings are dense, continuous, and composing of carbon granules on the surface. Raman spectroscopy reveals an amorphous structure with a large sp2 constituent. The corrosion resistance and interfacial contact resistance (ICR) are investigated systematically. A superior ICR in the range of 2.6–2.9mΩ-cm2 at a compaction force of 150N/cm2 is achieved and it is even better than that of graphite. The deposited film possesses high chemical inertness thereby significantly enhancing the corrosion resistance of the coated SS316L. A thickness of 800nm is sufficient to protect against corrosion. C/CrN multilayer coatings are beneficial in that it can lead to a faster PVD deposition process and lower material cost, while permitting a superior performance in terms of surface conductivity and corrosion resistance.
► C/CrN multilayer coatings with dense structure and high percentage of sp2 bond are deposited on SS316L. ► C/CrN multilayer coatings exhibit superior surface conductivity that is even better than that of graphite. ► Electrochemical results disclose that the C/CrN multilayer coatings have excellent corrosion resistance.
An increasing demand for electric vehicles and flexible electronics focuses attention on developing a safe, high-energy, and sustainable battery that can work under severe conditions. Emerging ...high-voltage aqueous batteries based on highly concentrated salts and molecular crowding electrolytes are likely to be hampered by their poor low-temperature performance because of a high freezing point and salting out at low temperature. Inspired by the antifreezing ionogel electrolyte for transport measurements at subzero temperatures, we design a water-in-ionogel electrolyte with a low salt-concentration (2m NaTFSI) and high operational voltage (3.0 V) by changing the hydrogen bonding and introducing fluoride additives for low-temperature operation. A full cell with a P2-type Na2/3Mn2/3Co1/3O1.98F0.02 cathode and hard-carbon anode could deliver high energy densities of 109 and 23.4 Wh kg−1 at room temperature and −25°C. This eco-friendly aqueous polymeric battery could be free sealed and perform in water. This work opens an avenue for designing high-energy, free-sealed aqueous batteries for low-cost, sustainable energy storage, enabling subzero temperature operation.
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•F-containing water-in-ionogel electrolyte enables high-voltage, low-temperature operation•F doping endows Mn-based P2-type cathodes with enhanced hydrophilicity and rate performance•The fabricated aqueous polymeric sodium-ion battery enables subzero temperature operation•The free-sealed battery can work under severe condition with advantage in weight
Rong et al. demonstrate that a water-in-ionogel (WIG) electrolyte with low salt concentration (2m NaTFSI) and high operational voltage (3.0 V) can rival the high voltage of typical “water-in-salt” and “molecular crowding” electrolytes. The WIG electrolyte, exhibiting superior antifreezing properties without salting out at low temperature and high stability against sodium metal, is a promising candidate for aqueous polymeric batteries.
•An elastoplastic energy model about energy, load, displacement and materials properties is proposed.•For thirteen SCs, the model predictions agree well with the FEA results under linear elastic, ...fully plastic and elastoplastic conditions.•For cracked SCs, the J- integral vs. load relation is derived and verified based on the EEM.•The model has been applied into materials testing like indentation, small punch test and ring compression etc.
Elastoplastic load-displacement relation is widely concerned in material testing. For isotropic-homogeneous and power-law hardening ductile materials, an elastoplastic energy model (EEM) correlating energy, load, displacement and uniaxial constitutive parameters is derived based on equivalent energy principle. An elastoplastic factor λ for engineering superposition of elastic displacement and plastic displacement is introduced and discussed, which makes the model applicable with more structural components (SCs). The model is verified with thirteen SCs used in materials testing and the results show a good agreement between model predictions and calculations from finite element analysis (FEA) under linear elastic, fully plastic and elastoplastic conditions. Some experimental results for ring-compression, spherical indentation and funnel tension are conducted to verify the model and a valid accordance is presented. Additionally, an explicit J-integral – load relation for classic cracked SCs is also derived based on the EEM and a good coincidence is observed during a comparison with results directly from FEA.
In the variational data assimilation (VarDA), the typical way for gradient computation is using the adjoint method. However, the adjoint method has many problems, such as low accuracy, difficult ...implementation and considerable complexity, for high-dimensional models. To overcome these shortcomings, a new data assimilation method based on dual number automatic differentiation (AD) is proposed. The important advantages of the method lies in that the coding of the tangent-linear/adjoint model is no longer necessary and that the value of the cost function and its corresponding gradient vector can be obtained simultaneously through only one forward computation in dual number space. The numerical simulations for data assimilation are implemented for a typical nonlinear advection equation and a parabolic equation. The results demonstrate that the new method can reconstruct the initial conditions of the high-dimensional nonlinear dynamical system conveniently and accurately. Additionally, the estimated initial values can converge to the true values quickly, even if noise is present in the observations.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major health problem in China and around the world. It is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths. Research groups are thus searching for novel and more ...efficient anti-CRC agents.
Here we demonstrated that ABC294640, a novel SphK2 inhibitor, induced growth inhibition and apoptosis in transformed and primary CRC cells. The SphK activity was remarkably inhibited by ABC294640, accompanied by sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) depletion and ceramide incensement in CRC cells. Exogenously-added S1P inhibited ABC294640-induced HT-29 cell lethality. While C6 ceramide and SphK1 inhibitor SKI-II facilitated ABC294640-induced cytotoxicity against HT-29 cells. ABC294640 inhibited AKT-S6K1, but activated JNK signaling in transformed and primary CRC cells. JNK inhibitors (SP600125 and JNKi-II) alleviated ABC294640-induced CRC cell apoptosis. Moreover, a low concentration of ABC294640 sensitized the activity of 5-FU and cisplatin in vitro. In vivo, ABC294640 oral administration dramatically inhibited HT-29 xenografts growth in nude mice.
Targeting of SphK2 by ABC294640 potently inhibits CRC cell growth both in vitro and in vivo, ABC294640 could be developed as a novel therapeutic for the treatment of CRC.
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