Odun ve odun kökenli malzemeler mobilya, doğrama ve yapı endüstrilerinde çeşitli makinelerde işlenerek kullanılmaktadır. İşleme mekaniklerine dayalı çeşitli kesme kuvvetleri ortaya çıkmaktadır. Kesme ...gücü ve güç tüketimi faktörlerinin kesme kuvvetlerine bağlı olduğu belirtilmektedir. Kesiş sürecinin analizinde özellikle kesme kuvvetleri ana çıktı olarak kullanılmakta olup, kesişte etkili faktörlerin daha iyi anlaşılmasında fiziko-mekanik kesiş modelleri oldukça önemlidir. Odun ve odun kökenli malzemelerin fiziksel ve teknolojik özellikleri, makinede işleme koşulları ve kesici aletlerin mekanik durumu işleme mekaniklerini etkileyen faktörler olarak belirtilmektedir. Titreşim, ses, sıcaklık ve işleme kusurları yanında kesme gücü ile yüzey ve yonga kalitesi genellikle göz önünde bulundurulmamaktadır. İşlemede en düşük güç tüketimi ile düzgün yüzeyler elde edilebilmesi bakımından verimli ve ekonomik çalışmalar ile uygun işleme koşullarının belirlenmesi, malzeme ve kesici geometrisi ile işleme mekaniklerine dayandırılmaktadır. Bu araştırmada, odun ve odun kökenli malzemelerin işlenmesinde işleme mekaniklerini etkileyen faktörler tartışılmıştır. Kesme kuvvetleri, kesme gücü ve bunların ölçüm yöntemleri ile kesici ve işleme geometrisi incelenmiştir.
Wood and wood-based materials are used by being processed in various machines in furniture, joinery and construction industries. Various cutting forces arise based on mechanics of machining. It is stated that the cutting power and power consumption factors depend on the cutting forces. The cutting forces are especially used as the main output in the analysis of the cutting process and physico-mechanical cutting models are very important in understanding the cutting factors. Vibration, noise, temperature and machining defects as well as cutting power, surface and chip quality are usually not considered. Determination of optimal machining conditions with efficient and economical works are based on material, tool geometry and mechanics of machining in terms of obtaining smooth surfaces with the lowest power consumption in machining. In this research, the factors affecting the mechanics of machining in the processing of wood and wood-based materials are discussed. Cutting forces, cutting power and their measurement methods with tool and machining geometry were investigated.g geometry were investigated.
•We propose a new type of sequence pattern (i.e., positional sequence patterns).•We introduce information content-based elimination of some patterns.•We propose a slider-based partial pattern ...matching scheme.•P-SPH decreases the error rate of selectivity estimations up to 20%.
Sequence patterns are frequently employed in many expert system applications in a wide range of domains from bioinformatics to smart homes and stock market analysis. Regular sequence patterns fail to express whether two consecutive items in a pattern are occurring right after each other in all pattern occurrences in an item database or not. Such a differentiation may be important for many intelligent system applications, for instance, to better address business questions like “should two frequently-bought-together items be located right next to each other on a retail store shelf, or is it ok to place them at some distance as long as they are in the same aisle?”. In this paper, we propose a novel type of sequence pattern, called “positional sequence patterns”, and illustrate its application on a special expert system, i.e., the query planner/optimizer of a database management system. Positional sequence patterns allow to accommodate extra information regarding whether a frequent ordered item pair always occurs next to each other without any gap in between in all pattern occurrences. Since positional sequence patterns are not considered by the existing sequence pattern mining algorithms, we also propose an algorithm to mine them. Next, we integrate the positional sequence patterns into the selectivity estimation component of the query optimizer as an expert system application. More specifically, in the knowledgebase of the query optimizer, a histogram-like structure of positional sequence patterns are created and stored. Then, during query optimization time, these histograms are utilized to infer the selectivity of flexible text queries that are enabled by the SQL LIKE operator. In particular, the proposed selectivity estimation method employs redundant pattern elimination based on pattern information content during histogram construction, and a partitioning-based matching scheme. The experimental results on a real dataset from DBLP show that the proposed approach outperforms the state of the art by around 20% improvement in error rates.
Extracts of
Anthemis hyalina
(Ah),
Nigella sativa
(Ns) and peels of
Citrus sinensis
(Cs) have been used as folk medicine to fight antimicrobial diseases. To evaluate the effect of extracts of Ah, Ns ...and Cs on the replication of coronavirus (CoV) and on the expression of TRP genes during coronavirus infection, HeLa-CEACAM1a (HeLa-epithelial carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1a) cells were inoculated with MHV-A59 (mouse hepatitis virus–A59) at moi of 30. 1/50 dilution of the extracts was found to be the safe active dose. ELISA kits were used to detect the human IL-8 levels. Total RNA was isolated from the infected cells and cDNA was synthesized. Fluidigm Dynamic Array nanofluidic chip 96.96 was used to analyze the mRNA expression of 21 TRP genes and two control genes. Data was analyzed using the BioMark digital array software. Determinations of relative gene expression values were carried out by using the 2
−∆∆Ct
method (normalized threshold cycle (Ct) value of sample minus normalized Ct value of control). TCID
50
/ml (tissue culture infectious dose that will produce cytopathic effect in 50 % of the inoculated tissue culture cells) was found for treatments to determine the viral loads. The inflammatory cytokine IL-8 level was found to increase for both 24 and 48 h time points following Ns extract treatment. TRPA1, TRPC4, TRPM6, TRPM7, TRPM8 and TRPV4 were the genes which expression levels changed significantly after Ah, Ns or Cs extract treatments. The virus load decreased when any of the Ah, Ns or Cs extracts was added to the CoV infected cells with Ah extract treatment leading to undetectable virus load for both 6 and 8hpi. Although all the extract treatments had an effect on IL-8 secretion, TRP gene expression and virus load after CoV infection, it was the Ah extract treatment that showed the biggest difference in virus load. Therefore Ah extract is the best candidate in our hands that contains potential treatment molecule(s).
In this paper, new types of associated curves, which are defined as rectifying-direction, osculating-direction, and normal-direction, in a three-dimensional Lie group G are achieved by using the ...general definition of the associated curve, and some characterizations for these curves are obtained. Additionally, connections between the new types of associated curves and the curves, such as helices, general helices, Bertrand, and Mannheim, are given.
This study aims to determine the optimal CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machining conditions using an artificial neural network. For this purpose, Fagus orientalis, Castanea sativa, Pinus ...sylvestris, and Picea orientalis wood samples at 8%, 12%, and 15% moisture content (MC) were machined on a CNC router in both across and along the grain directions. Based on the experimental data of surface roughness and cutting power analyses, a total of 16 models were used. These were selected in hundreds of models that have the lowest error. The spindle speed, feed rate, and the number of cutter teeth were chosen to be different with the literature based on the length of cutter mark. As a result, optimum machining parameters were determined for each wood MC.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Genes and gene products are frequently annotated with Gene Ontology concepts based on the evidence provided in genomics articles. Manually locating and curating information about a genomic entity ...from the biomedical literature requires vast amounts of human effort. Hence, there is clearly a need forautomated computational tools to annotate the genes and gene products with Gene Ontology concepts by computationally capturing the related knowledge embedded in textual data.
In this article, we present an automated genomic entity annotation system, GEANN, which extracts information about the characteristics of genes and gene products in article abstracts from PubMed, and translates the discoveredknowledge into Gene Ontology (GO) concepts, a widely-used standardized vocabulary of genomic traits. GEANN utilizes textual "extraction patterns", and a semantic matching framework to locate phrases matching to a pattern and produce Gene Ontology annotations for genes and gene products. In our experiments, GEANN has reached to the precision level of 78% at therecall level of 61%. On a select set of Gene Ontology concepts, GEANN either outperforms or is comparable to two other automated annotation studies. Use of WordNet for semantic pattern matching improves the precision and recall by 24% and 15%, respectively, and the improvement due to semantic pattern matching becomes more apparent as the Gene Ontology terms become more general.
GEANN is useful for two distinct purposes: (i) automating the annotation of genomic entities with Gene Ontology concepts, and (ii) providing existing annotations with additional "evidence articles" from the literature. The use of textual extraction patterns that are constructed based on the existing annotations achieve high precision. The semantic pattern matching framework provides a more flexible pattern matching scheme with respect to "exactmatching" with the advantage of locating approximate pattern occurrences with similar semantics. Relatively low recall performance of our pattern-based approach may be enhanced either by employing a probabilistic annotation framework based on the annotation neighbourhoods in textual data, or, alternatively, the statistical enrichment threshold may be adjusted to lower values for applications that put more value on achieving higher recall values.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
In the differential geometry of curves and surfaces, the curvatures of curves and surfaces are often calculated and results are given. In particular, the results given by using the apparatus of the ...curve - surface pair are important in terms of what kind of surface the surface indicates. In this study, some relationships between curvatures of the parallel surface pair ( X,Xr ) via structure functions of non - developable ruled surface X ( u,v ) = a ( u ) + vb ( u ) are established such that a ( u ) is striction curve of non - developable surface and b ( u ) is a unit spherical curve in E 3. Especially, it is examined whether the non - developable surface Xr is minimal surface, linear Weingarten surface and Weingarten surface. X and its parallel Xr are expressed on the Helicoid surface sample. It is indicated on the figure with the help of S W P. Moreover, curvatures of curve - surface pairs ( X,a ) and ( Xr,β ) are investigated and some conclusions are obtained.
The surface roughness of wood is affected by the processing conditions and the material structure. So, optimization of operation parameters is very crucial to have minimum surface roughness. In this ...study, modeling and optimization of surface roughness (Ra) of Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris) was investigated. Firstly, the samples were cut under different conditions 8 mm, 9 mm and 11mm depth of cut and 12 mm, 14 mm and 16 mm axial depth of cut) in computer numerical control (CNC) machine, and then surface roughness (Ra) values of samples were calculated. Then a prediction model of surface roughness was developed using artificial neural networks (ANN). Optimization process was carried out to reach minimum surface roughness of wood samples by the genetic algorithm (GA) method. MAPE value of the ANN model was found lower than 4,0 %. The optimum CNC operation parameters were 1874,5 rad/s, 3,0 m/min feed rate, 9,7 mm depth of cut and 12 mm for axial depth of cut for minimum surface roughness. As a result of study, surface roughness of Scotch pine wood can be modeled and optimized using integrated ANN and GA methods by saving time and cost.
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