The amygdala plays a central role in the fronto-limbic network involved in the processing of emotions. Structural and functional abnormalities of the amygdala have recently been found in ...schizophrenia, although there are still contradictory results about its reduced or preserved volumes.
In order to address these contradictory findings and to further elucidate the possibly underlying pathophysiological process of the amygdala, we employed structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), exploring amygdalar volume and microstructural changes in 69 patients with schizophrenia and 72 matched healthy subjects, relating these indices to psychopathological measures.
Measuring water diffusivity, the apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) for the right amygdala were found to be significantly greater in patients with schizophrenia compared with healthy controls, with a trend for abnormally reduced volumes. Also, significant correlations between mood symptoms and amygdalar volumes were found in schizophrenia.
We therefore provide evidence that schizophrenia is associated with disrupted tissue organization of the right amygdala, despite partially preserved size, which may ultimately lead to abnormal emotional processing in schizophrenia. This result confirms the major role of the amygdala in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and is discussed with respect to amygdalar structural and functional abnormalities found in patients suffering from this illness.
Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
Correspondence D. Ghisotti Daniela.Ghisotti{at}unimi.it
Phage P4 int gene ...encodes the integrase responsible for phage integration into and excision from the Escherichia coli chromosome. Here, the data showing that P4 int expression is regulated in a complex manner at different levels are presented. First of all, the P int promoter is regulated negatively by both Int and Vis, the P4 excisionase. The N-terminal portion of Int appears to be sufficient for such a negative autoregulation, suggesting that the Int N terminus is implicated in DNA binding. Second, full-length transcripts covering the entire int gene could be detected only upon P4 infection, whereas in P4 lysogens only short 5'-end covering transcripts were detectable. On the other hand, transcripts covering the 5'-end of int were also very abundant upon infection. It thus appears that premature transcription termination and/or mRNA degradation play a role in Int-negative regulation both on the basal prophage transcription and upon infection. Finally, comparison between P int lacZ transcriptional and translational fusions suggests that Vis regulates Int expression post-transcriptionally. The findings that Vis is also an RNA-binding protein and that Int may be translated from two different start codons have implications on possible regulation models of Int expression.
Present address: Max F. Perutz Laboratories at the Vienna Biocenter, Department of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
Present address: Keryos, Via della Filanda 5, 20060 Gessate (MI), Italy.
Present address: Molmed SpA, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milano, Italy.
Ventilation standards, health, and indoor air quality have not been adequately examined for residential weatherization. This randomized trial showed how ASHRAE 62‐1989 (n=39 houses) and ASHRAE ...62.2‐2010 (n=42 houses) influenced ventilation rates, moisture balance, indoor air quality, and self‐reported physical and mental health outcomes. Average total airflow was nearly twice as high for ASHRAE 62.2‐2010 (79 vs. 39 cfm). Volatile organic compounds, formaldehyde and carbon dioxide were all significantly reduced for the newer standard and first‐floor radon was marginally lower, but for the older standard, only formaldehyde significantly decreased. Humidity in the ASHRAE 62.2‐2010 group was only about half that of the ASHRAE 62‐1989 group using the moisture balance metric. Radon was higher in the basement but lower on the first floor for ASHRAE 62.2‐2010. Children in each group had fewer headaches, eczema, and skin allergies after weatherization and adults had improvements in psychological distress. Indoor air quality and health improve when weatherization is accompanied by an ASHRAE residential ventilation standard, and the 2010 ASHRAE standard has greater improvements in certain outcomes compared to the 1989 standard. Weatherization, home repair, and energy conservation projects should use the newer ASHRAE standard to improve indoor air quality and health.
Our study reports peritoneal diffuse malignant mesothelioma (DMM) in a 43 years old male patient, with no exposure to asbestos in his medical history; the partner of the patient was also not exposed ...to asbestos. The exposure to X-rays was also excluded. Different pathogenic mechanisms for the pathogenesis of a peritoneal diffuse malignant mesothelioma in this patient can be hypothesized, for example, SV40 infection and genetic susceptibility; a minimal domestic exposure to asbestos can be not excluded. Therefore, further studies in a larger number of subjects are necessary to determine whether one or all of these hypothetic pathogenic mechanisms are more significant for the development of malignant mesothelioma.
The preparation of nucleosides as well as their base-modified analogues using purified nucleoside phosphorylase enzymes or, more conveniently, using whole bacterial cells is described. The ...development of genetically modified strains of Escherichia coli, able to over-produce Uridine-phosphorylase and Purine-nucleoside-phosphorylase in the same cells, improves the specific biocatalytic activity and the consequent industrial scale approach.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
A one-year surveillance project was conducted at a large tertiary hospital, which had extensive indoor renovation and extensive demolition/building at several nearby sites. This study collected ...viable fungi samples in the hospital every six days and analysed 74 duct dust samples for
Aspergillus fumigatus mycelial asp f1 protein. Mean total fungi were 257.8
cfu/m
3 outdoors, 53.2
cfu/m
3 in all indoor samples and 83.5
cfu/m
3 in the bone marrow transplant patient rooms. Mean total aspergillus was 6.8
cfu/m
3 outdoors, 12.1
cfu/m
3 in all indoor samples and 7.3
cfu/m
3 in the bone marrow transplant patient rooms. The five most prevalent
Aspergillus species collected inside the hospital (mean cfu/m
3) were
Aspergillus niger 7.57
cfu/m
3,
Aspergillus candidus 1.72
cfu/m
3,
Aspergillus flavus 0.97
cfu/m
3,
A. fumigatus 0.88
cfu/m
3 and
Aspergillus glaucus 0.45
cfu/m
3. In rooms undergoing duct cleaning, mean
A. fumigatus concentrations were 11.0
cfu/m
3. Forty-eight of 74 (65%) duct dust samples had measurable levels of asp f1 protein, with a mean level of 0.41 ppm and maximum level of 1.94 ppm. Three major incidents involved increased hospital aspergillus concentrations.
A. niger levels reached 680
cfu/m
3 in an organ transplant room after a water leak from a ceiling pipe. Total aspergillus concentrations rose to 77
cfu/m
3 in a bone marrow transplant patient room after improper sealing and water infiltration of the unit’s dedicated high-efficiency particulate air filter system. Total aspergillus levels of 160
cfu/m
3 were recorded in a renovation area during wood cutting. The higher concentrations of aspergillus seen inside the hospital compared with outdoors and the various moisture/HEPA filter/renovation incidents suggest that numerous small to moderate sources of aspergillus exist in the hospital.
The crystal structures are reported of the isomeric compounds 2-(4-nitrophenyl)-3-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-4H-1,3-benzothiazin-4-one, (I), and ...2-(2-nitrophenyl)-3-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-4H-1,3-benzothiazin-4-one, (II), both C20H14N2O3S, being the para-nitro and ortho-nitro forms, respectively, the meta-form of which is known Yennawar et al. (2013). Acta Cryst. E69, o1679. The six-membered thiazone ring fused with a benzene ring displays a screw-boat conformation with a total puckering amplitude of 0.627 (1) Å in (I), and a near screw-boat conformation with a total puckering amplitude of 0.600 (1) Å in (II). The dihedral angles between the planes of the substituent nitrophenyl and phenyl and rings with the benzene ring of the parent benzothiazone moiety are 75.93 (5) and 82.61 (5)° in (I), and 76.79 (6) and 71.66 (6)° in (II). Weak intermolecular C—H...O hydrogen-bonding interactions between aromatic H-atom donors and both a nitro-O atom and a thiazone O-atom acceptor in (I) and a thiazone O atom in (II) are present, forming in (I) a centrosymmetric 22-membered cyclic dimer which is extended through a similar inversion-related 14-membered cyclic hydrogen-bonding association into a zigzag chain structure extending along c. In (II), a single intermolecular C—H...O hydrogen bond gives a chain structure extending along b. In addition, weak C—H...π interactions are present in both structures minimum C...ring-centroid separations = 3.630 (2) and 3.581 (2) Å, respectively.
The primary objective of this study was to determine the coverage of the Expanded Programme of Immunization (EPI) of the Ministry of Health and the coverage of private vaccines in the Umraniye Health ...District in order to establish approaches for improving vaccination services. Other objectives were to define the areas that present higher risks for non-vaccination and to determine the factors that influence vaccination coverage.
A ‘30×7’ cluster sampling design was adopted as the sampling method. Thirty streets were selected at random from each healthcare region. Sociodemographic and socio-economic characteristics of the population, utilization of vaccination services and vaccination status of children under the age of 5 years were determined by face-to-face interviews. Odds ratios for the sociodemographic and socio-economic characteristics, health centre region and inner country immigration were assessed as possible related factors with the vaccination coverage rates for children under 5 years and under 1 year using the backward elimination method in logistic regression.
Vaccination coverage was as follows: hepatitis B third dose, 84.6%; Bacille Calmette-Guérin, 94.8%; diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (DPT) third dose, 90.1%; oral polio virus (OPV) third dose, 90.0%; measles, 88.7%; DPT booster dose, 79.1%; OPV booster dose, 79.0%; measles, mumps, rubella (MMR), 13.3%; haemophilus influenza type b (Hib), 9.3%; and Varicella vaccine, 3.3%. The full vaccination rates for children under 5 years and under 1 year were 68.3 and 79.5%, respectively. Higher socio-economic status was associated with a higher rate of full vaccination and private vaccination for children under 5 years of age.
Full vaccination rates for children aged less than 1 year and less than 5 years were higher in our district than in Istanbul. However, we did not meet the EPI aims for any of the vaccines, and differences were observed in vaccination coverage rates between different socio-economic groups in the district. Therefore, an intervention programme should be considered to achieve the EPI's goals, particularly in socio-economically disadvantaged groups. Also, the coverage of private vaccination (MMR, Hib, Varicella) is low and more children from higher socio-economic groups receive these vaccines.
2,3-Diphenyl-2,3-dihydro-4H-1,3-benzothiazin-4-one Hemant P. Yennawar; Ryan V. Bendinsky; David J. Coyle ...
Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online,
04/2014, Letnik:
70, Številka:
4
Journal Article
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Odprti dostop
In the title compound, C20H15NOS, the dihedral angle between the phenyl rings is 74.25 (6)°. The six-membered 1,3-thiazine ring has an envelope conformation with the C atom at the 2-position forming ...the flap. The crystal structure features weak C—H...O interactions, which lead to the formation of a tape motif along 110.
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