50 Years of Cyclotron Development Calabretta, L.; Seidel, M.
IEEE transactions on nuclear science,
2016-April, 2016-4-00, 20160401, Letnik:
63, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
An overview of cyclotron development in research laboratories worldwide and the impressive growth of commercial cyclotrons during the last 50 years are summarized. The role of the superconducting ...cyclotrons, the return of the synchrocyclotrons, the flourishing interest in the fixed field alternating gradient (FFAG), and finally the proposed design for 10-MW class cyclotrons are also presented.
Magnetic channels are used in almost all cyclotrons to focus radially the beam along the extraction path through the coils and yoke region, where the rapid fall off of the magnetic field produces a ...strong vertical focusing and radial defocusing of the beam. These magnetic channels consist generally of three iron bars. The current sheet approximation has been generally used to evaluate quickly the performance of magnetic channels. For the new magnetic channels to be used in the upgrade of the LNS-INFN k800 Superconducting Cyclotron, a new method was developed to investigate complex configurations and to achieve higher magnetic gradients in a larger area. The optimization procedure is based on a genetic algorithm implemented on MATLAB code and using the COMSOL code to perform the 2D magnetic field simulations. Moreover, the use of permendur vanadium in alternative to iron allows to reduce the volume of the bars and mainly the magnetic force. The results of our simulations are here presented.
The Superconducting Cyclotron (CS) at INFN-LNS in Catania is currently under an upgrade process. The plan is to deliver beams of ions with mass number A ⩽ 40 with power up to 10 kW by means of beam ...intensity increase. This ambitious goal can be achieved by increasing the efficiency of the injection and extraction processes. An extraction efficiency close to 100% is expected by extracting the specific ion beams from the CS by stripping and no longer by electrostatic deflectors. The beams are injected axially and bent onto the median plane with a spiral inflector. Currently, the injection efficiency is around 15% including the effect of a drift buncher placed in the axial injection line. In order to increase the injection efficiency, the study of an upgraded CS central region is ongoing at INFN-LNS. In this paper, the results of simulations of beam tracking through the cyclotron axial bore, the spiral inflector, the central region and further up to the extraction system are presented.
Abstract
IsoDAR@Yemilab is a novel isotope-decay-at-rest experiment
that has preliminary approval to run at the Yemi underground
laboratory (Yemilab) in Jeongseon-gun, South Korea. Here, we
describe ...in detail the considerations for installing this compact
particle accelerator and neutrino target system at the Yemilab
underground facility. Specifically, we describe the caverns being
prepared for IsoDAR, and address installation, shielding, and
utilities requirements. To give context and for completeness, we
also briefly describe the physics opportunities of the IsoDAR
neutrino source when paired with the Liquid Scintillator Counter
(LSC) at Yemilab, and review the technical design of the neutrino
source.
In the last 15 years the FRIBs@LNS facility has successfully produced Radioactive Ion Beams using the In-Flight technique. We report on the current status and future perspectives opened by FRAISE, a ...new fragment separator that will be build in connection with the upgrade of Superconducting Cyclotron of the INFN-LNS laboratories.
The most promising probe to establish the Majorana or Dirac nature of the neutrino is the neutrinoless double beta decay and the effective neutrino mass would be evaluated by the knowledge of the ...corresponding nuclear matrix elements. Also measurements of the Double Charge Exchange (DCE) interactions of heavy ion beams can get information on them. The NUMEN experiment based on the pre-existing large acceptance MAGNEX spectrometer and integrated with new challenging components aims at measuring DCE cross sections using ion beams of unprecedented intensity (10
13
pps) on specific isotopes at INFN-LNS in Catania. Expected rate on the sensitive area of about 0.15 m
2
reaches up to about 5 Mpps, demanding for adequate detectors in measuring position, direction, energy, mass and charge of the ions produced by interactions. Gamma detectors surround a scattering chamber containing the target.
Abstract
We report the state of the field of High-Power Fixed-Field
Accelerators (with an emphasis on cyclotrons) as discussed by
international experts during a three-day workshop of the same name
in ...2021. The workshop was part of the Snowmass'21 Community
Planning Exercise. Here, we take stock of the world inventory of
high-power fixed-field accelerators, assess available beam currents
and beam powers, and investigate limitations. Furthermore, we
evaluate the role of these machines in particle physics,
directly used or as injectors to other machines, and in industry, as
drivers for (medical) isotope production and, potentially, for
accelerator-driven systems and sub-critical reactors. Finally, we
discuss novel concepts and cutting-edge developments to push the
available current higher at several energy scales, thereby
increasing relative power. Highlights include new spiral inflector
types, direct RFQ injection, H
2
+
acceleration,
utilizing vortex motion, and self-extraction schemes. We also
discuss modern computational frameworks to optimize accelerators
more efficiently, and better describe the relevant physical
processes in simulations.
Abstract
A project for an upgrade of the Superconducting Cyclotron is underway at INFN-LNS. One of the goals of this project is the production of RIBs (Radioactive Ion Beams) of high intensity. To ...reach this purpose, a dedicated facility consisting of a new fragment separator FRAISE (FRAgment In-flight SEparator) is ongoing, exploiting primary beams with a power up to ≈ 2-3 kW. The high intensity achievable with FRAISE requires the use of appropriate diagnostics and tagging systems that can operate also in a strong radioactive environment. In this framework, a R&D program has been started to develop the FRAISE facility as well as the diagnostics and the tagging systems.
Beam dynamics simulation for the high intensity DAEδALUS cyclotrons Yang, J.J.; Adelmann, A.; Barletta, W. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
03/2013, Letnik:
704
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
In the DAEδALUS (Decay-At-rest Experiment for δCP studies At the Laboratory for Underground Science) project, high power H2+ cyclotron chains are proposed to efficiently provide proton beams with a ...kinetic energy of 800MeV and an average power in the MW range. Space charge plays a pivotal role in both the injector and the ring cyclotrons. Large-scale particle simulations show that the injector cyclotron is a space charge dominated cyclotron and that a 5mA beam current can be extracted with tolerable beam losses on the septum. In contrast, in the ring cyclotron, no space charge induced beam loss is observed during acceleration and extraction.
SC200 is a superconducting isochronous cyclotron which generates 200 MeV, 400 nA proton beam for particle therapy. The cold-cathode-type Penning ion gauge (PIG) ion source for the internal ion source ...of SC200 has been selected as an alternative and preliminary designed. In this paper, design of ion source and test bench are demonstrated. Currently, the properties of ion source have been simulated for a variety of electric field and magnetic field distributions. The secondary electron emission in electromagnetic field has been simulated. It provides reference for the optimization design of arc chamber. In addition, the sample of cold-cathode-type ion source has been tested on the test bench and extracted beam intensity has been measured over 200 μA.
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