Purpose: This study examined the vocabulary words and multiword sequences used by 124 typically developing kindergarten and 1st-grade students when they wrote about self-selected topics. The study ...extends previous research by examining the vocabulary used in different genres. Method: A total of 457 writing samples were analyzed. The samples were classified according to 9 genres and were analyzed using the Child Language Analysis (MacWhinney, 2006) software program. Results: The authors found that 140 words represented 70% of the vocabulary produced. The most common genre types were narrative recounts and opinions. The patterns of frequency for words and multiword sequences varied across genres. The degree of variation was greater for particular vocabulary words. For instance, the word "going" was used predominantly in 1 genre. In contrast, the word "mom" was used in every genre except 3. The structure words tended to be used with high frequency across genres. Conclusion: The word lists generated can be used to inform vocabulary selection, organization, and instruction for students with complex communication needs who are beginning writers.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
AIM: To compare the safety and effectiveness of eyelid treatment with the ILux®-MGD Treatment System in one session versus five sessions of mechanical meibomian gland expression (MMGE) in patients ...with moderate to severe meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). METHODS: A prospective, randomized, open-label, and controlled clinical trial that compared one session of the ILux® MGD Treatment System versus five sessions of MMGE in both eyes of 130 patients aged ≥18y with Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) scores ≥13, total meibomian gland scores (MGS) of <15 in the lower eyelid of each eye, and non-invasive tear break-up time (NI-TBUT) <10s, who were randomized 1:1 to ILux® or MMGE. RESULTS: The mean age was 58±17.49y. Baseline total MGS scores in both treatment groups were comparable. During follow-up, there were significant differences in total MGS and per sector with P<0.001. Multivariate analysis was performed using generalized estimating equations corresponding to the generalized linear model for repeated means to determine the treatment relationship with total MGS, NIBUT, and OSDI. There was a significant difference between ILux® and MMGE (P<0.001) at follow-up from the first to the twelfth month in MGS, NI-BUT, and OSDI scores. No adverse events were reported. CONCLUSION: ILux® treatment compared to MMGE significantly improves symptoms and signs in patients with moderate to severe MGD for one year without adverse events.
This paper provides information about the prevalence and topography of self-injurious behavior in children and adults with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability. Dominant models ...regarding the etiology of self-injury in this population are reviewed, with a focus on the role of reactivity to pain and sensory input. Neuroimaging studies are presented and suggestions are offered for future research.
The crystal structures are reported of the isomeric compounds 2-(4-nitro-phen-yl)-3-phenyl-2,3-di-hydro-4H-1,3-benzo-thia-zin-4-one, (I), and ...2-(2-nitro-phen-yl)-3-phenyl-2,3-di-hydro-4H-1,3-benzo-thia-zin-4-one, (II), both C20H14N2O3S, being the para-nitro and ortho-nitro forms, respectively, the meta-form of which is known Yennawar et al. (2013). Acta Cryst. E69, o1679. The six-membered thia-zone ring fused with a benzene ring displays a screw-boat conformation with a total puckering amplitude of 0.627 (1) Å in (I), and a near screw-boat conformation with a total puckering amplitude of 0.600 (1) Å in (II). The dihedral angles between the planes of the substituent nitrophenyl and phenyl and rings with the benzene ring of the parent benzo-thia-zone moiety are 75.93 (5) and 82.61 (5)° in (I), and 76.79 (6) and 71.66 (6)° in (II). Weak inter-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter-actions between aromatic H-atom donors and both a nitro-O atom and a thia-zone O-atom acceptor in (I) and a thia-zone O atom in (II) are present, forming in (I) a centrosymmetric 22-membered cyclic dimer which is extended through a similar inversion-related 14-membered cyclic hydrogen-bonding association into a zigzag chain structure extending along c. In (II), a single inter-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bond gives a chain structure extending along b. In addition, weak C-H⋯π inter-actions are present in both structures minimum C⋯ring-centroid separations = 3.630 (2) and 3.581 (2) Å, respectively.
Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
Correspondence D. Ghisotti Daniela.Ghisotti{at}unimi.it
Phage P4 int gene ...encodes the integrase responsible for phage integration into and excision from the Escherichia coli chromosome. Here, the data showing that P4 int expression is regulated in a complex manner at different levels are presented. First of all, the P int promoter is regulated negatively by both Int and Vis, the P4 excisionase. The N-terminal portion of Int appears to be sufficient for such a negative autoregulation, suggesting that the Int N terminus is implicated in DNA binding. Second, full-length transcripts covering the entire int gene could be detected only upon P4 infection, whereas in P4 lysogens only short 5'-end covering transcripts were detectable. On the other hand, transcripts covering the 5'-end of int were also very abundant upon infection. It thus appears that premature transcription termination and/or mRNA degradation play a role in Int-negative regulation both on the basal prophage transcription and upon infection. Finally, comparison between P int lacZ transcriptional and translational fusions suggests that Vis regulates Int expression post-transcriptionally. The findings that Vis is also an RNA-binding protein and that Int may be translated from two different start codons have implications on possible regulation models of Int expression.
Present address: Max F. Perutz Laboratories at the Vienna Biocenter, Department of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
Present address: Keryos, Via della Filanda 5, 20060 Gessate (MI), Italy.
Present address: Molmed SpA, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milano, Italy.
Objectives The aim of the study was to determine the participants with unmet need and to show that family planning consultancy given to women and men attending the first-level health facilities would ...increase contraceptive usage and reduce unmet need for family planning. Methods All married women aged 15-49 years and men having wives of the same age group attending the health centers for any service other than family planning were included in the study. Among 2021 attendants, a total of 1701 participated in the study (84.2%). Participants were interviewed after they took the services for which they attended. At the end of the inquiries, all willing participants were referred to the family planning unit in the same building. Results The unmet need (need for any or more effective contraceptive methods) was 43.1%. All participants with unmet need were referred to the family planning unit in the same building and willing participants were given family planning services. Of the participants, 23.9% attended the family planning unit and 17.8% took services immediately at the time of the attendance. Conclusions Linking family planning services with other health services can be a cheap and practical way to reduce the unmet need.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Background
The impact of chemotherapy‐associated liver injury (CALI) on postoperative outcome in patients undergoing partial hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) remains controversial. ...The objective of this study was to clarify the effect of CALI (sinusoidal dilatation (SD), steatosis and steatohepatitis) on postoperative morbidity and mortality by investigating a large data set from multiple international centres.
Methods
PubMed and Embase were searched for studies published between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013 with keywords ‘chemotherapy’, ‘liver resection’, ‘outcome’ and ‘colorectal metastases’ to identify potential collaborating centres. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed using binary logistic regression models, with results presented as odds ratios (ORs) with 95 per cent confidence intervals.
Results
A consolidated database comprising 788 patients who underwent hepatectomy for CRLM in eight centres was obtained. In multivariable analyses, severe SD was associated with increased major morbidity (Dindo–Clavien grade III–V; OR 1·73, 95 per cent c.i. 1·02 to 2·95; P = 0·043). Severe steatosis was associated with decreased liver surgery‐specific complications (OR 0·52, 95 per cent c.i. 0·27 to 1·00; P = 0·049), whereas steatohepatitis was linked to an increase in these complications (OR 2·08, 1·18 to 3·66; P = 0·012). Subgroup analysis showed that lobular inflammation was the sole component associated with increased overall morbidity (OR 2·22, 1·48 to 3·34; P = 0·001) and liver surgery‐specific complications (OR 3·35, 2·11 to 5·32; P < 0·001). Finally, oxaliplatin treatment was linked to severe SD (OR 2·74, 1·67 to 4·49; P < 0·001).
Conclusion
An increase in postoperative major morbidity and liver surgery‐specific complications was observed after partial hepatectomy in patients with severe SD and steatohepatitis. Postoperative liver failure occurred more often in patients with severe SD.
Increased complications in severe sinusoidal dilatation and steatohepatitis
School-age students who use AAC need access to communication, reading, and writing tools that can support them to actively engage in literacy learning. They also require access to core literacy ...learning opportunities across grade levels that foster development of conventional literacy skills. The importance of the acquisition of conventional literacy skills for students who use AAC cannot be overemphasized. And yet, one of the critical challenges in supporting the literacy learning of students who use AAC has been a lack of knowledge about literacy curricula and supports to literacy learning for these students. Most students who use AAC do not become conventionally literate and few of those who do achieve literacy skills beyond the second grade level. This article will provide an overview of the most frequent reading instructional activities in first and third grade classrooms. To better understand the foundational experiences important to literacy learning, the results of a survey project that examined the reading activities of general education students and teachers during primary grade instruction are presented, and critical shifts in instruction that occurred between first and third grade are highlighted. The primary instructional focus of core reading activities is also examined, along with adaptations for students who use AAC.
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