The most common surgery for non-small cell lung cancer is lobectomy, which can be performed through either thoracotomy or video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS). Insufficient research has examined ...respiratory muscle function and exercise capacity in lobectomy performed using conventional thoracotomy (CT), muscle-sparing thoracotomy (MST), or VATS. This study aimed to assess and compare respiratory muscle strength, diaphragm thickness, and exercise capacity in lobectomy using CT, MST, and VATS.
The primary outcomes were changes in respiratory muscle strength, diaphragm thickness, and exercise capacity. Maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) were recorded for respiratory muscle strength. The 6-min walk test (6MWT) was used to assess functional exercise capacity. Diaphragm thickness was measured using B-mode ultrasound.
The study included 42 individuals with lung cancer who underwent lobectomy via CT (n = 14), MST (n = 14), or VATS (n = 14). Assessments were performed on the day before surgery and on postoperative day 20 (range 17-25 days). The decrease in MIP (p < 0.001), MEP (p = 0.003), 6MWT (p < 0.001) values were lower in the VATS group than in the CT group. The decrease in 6MWT distance was lower in the MST group than in the CT group (p = 0.012). No significant differences were found among the groups in terms of diaphragmatic muscle thickness (p > 0.05).
The VATS technique appears superior to the CT technique in terms of preserving respiratory muscle strength and functional exercise capacity. Thoracic surgeons should refer patients to physiotherapists before lobectomy, especially patients undergoing CT. If lobectomy with VATS will be technically difficult, MST may be an option preferable to CT because of its impact on exercise capacity.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, all countries implemented lockdown to prevent transmission of coronavirus. The prolonged stay-at-home process created some unfavourable effects like unhealthy lifestyle, ...physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour especially in patients with cardiovascular risk. Hypertensive individuals are also affected in the pandemic because of limited access to healthcare services, screening, and altered lifestyles. We aimed to investigate physical activity (PA) level, sedentary behaviour, mental health and healthy lifestyle behaviours in patients with hypertension and compare these parameters with healthy controls. This prospective, cross-sectional study included 40 hypertensive and 40 age-sex matched healthy controls. We assessed PA with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire long-form, quality of life with Short-Form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire, anxiety and depression with Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and lifestyle behaviours with Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile Scale-II (HPLP-II). Moderate and vigorous PA levels of hypertensives' were statistically lower than healthy controls (P = 0.001; P = 0.003, respectively). Hypertensive patients exhibited lower SF-36 physical function (P = 0.001), energy/vitality (P = 0.042), body pain scores than those of healthy controls (P = 0.007). Although HADS-anxiety, depression scores were similar (P > 0.05), the depression ratio (45%) was more common in the hypertensive group during the lockdown. The main findings are that hypertensive patients have lower PA levels and worse quality of life than healthy controls during the pandemic. In addition, the presence of depression is more common among hypertensive patients. Considering unhealthy lifestyles, governments, and health professionals should take some precautions and plan interventions against physical inactivity. As known, providing regular physical activity is a keystone to fighting against cardiovascular disease.
Functional changes are essential determinants of mortality and morbidity in individuals with chronic liver disease. However, there is limited information about whether these changes persist long-term ...after liver transplantation (LT). We aimed to compare physical fitness, physical activity, balance, kinesiophobia, and fatigue between patients with LT and healthy controls. All participants underwent evaluation with the Senior Fitness Test (SFT) for exercise capacity and physical fitness, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) for physical activity, the Timed Up-and-Go Test (TUG) and the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) for balance, the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK) for kinesiophobia, and the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) and Fatigue Impact Scale (FIS) for fatigue. We studied 16 persons with LT (M age = 40.56, SD = 15.73 years; M time since LT = 66.81, SD = 72.05 months) and 16 control participants (M age = 39.87, SD = 13.98 years). Compared to controls, participants with LT showed significantly poorer performance on the SFT components assessing upper and lower body strength, aerobic endurance, agility, and dynamic balance (p < .001 for all), significantly lower IPAQ physical activity scores (p = .002) and BBS score (p = .017), and significantly higher TUG time (p < .001) and TSK, FSS, and FIS scores (p = .001, p = .001, and p = .004, respectively). Individuals with post-LT had lower exercise capacity, physical fitness, balance, and physical activity, and higher kinesiophobia and fatigue levels in the long-term compared to their peers. Future studies should focus on frailty in individuals in the long term after LT.
Background
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare, hereditary, autosomal recessive disorder characterized by recurrent upper and lower respiratory tract infections. This study aimed to compare ...pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength, exercise capacity, physical fitness, and activities of daily living (ADLs) retrospectively between patients with PCD and healthy controls.
Methods
Data from 20 patients with PCD and 20 matched, healthy counterparts recorded between July 2015 and January 2017 were analyzed. The data evaluated and recorded included pulmonary function using a portable spirometer, respiratory muscle strength (using a mouth pressure device, exercise capacity using the incremental shuttle walk test,), physical fitness (using the Munich Fitness Test), and ADLs (using the Glittre ADL test).
Results
Pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength, incremental shuttle walk test scores (all parameters), and total Munich Fitness Test scores were lower in the PCD group relative to controls (P < 0.05). The duration to complete the Glittre ADL test was higher in PCD patients than in healthy subjects (P < 0.05).
Conclusions
Pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength, exercise capacity, physical fitness, and ADL were affected by PCD. Thus, pulmonary rehabilitation regimens should be tailored according to these impacts.
Background
Although both self‐paced and externally paced field tests are widely used in cystic fibrosis (CF), it is still unclear whether they induce clinically relevant and similar cardiorespiratory ...responses. The aim of this study was therefore to compare the incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT) and 6 min walk test (6MWT), and to determine the factors influencing exercise capacity in CF.
Methods
Fifty clinically stable CF patients were included in the study. Pulmonary function, peripheral and respiratory muscle strength were assessed, anthropometric measurements were recorded, and 6MWT and ISWT carried out.
Results
The CF patients covered significantly more distance in the ISWT than 6MWT (P < 0.001). Heart rate response and dyspnea score at the end of the tests and during the recovery phase were significantly higher in the ISWT compared with the 6MWT (P < 0.05). The 6MWT and ISWT had similar moderate–strong correlations with age, height, weight, pulmonary function, respiratory and peripheral muscle strength (P < 0.05). Forty‐nine percent of the variance in 6MWT distance was explained by age and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1; R2 = 0.49, F(2–48) = 22.033, P < 0.001). The variables contributing to ISWT distance were FEV1, inspiratory muscle strength, and body mass index (R2 = 0.596, F(3–44) = 20.176, P < 0.001).
Conclusions
The ISWT is a better reflection of exercise tolerance in CF than 6MWT. ISWT is a preferable alternative assessment of exercise tolerance in terms of cardiorespiratory response.
ABSTRACT
Background and objective
Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) enhances velocity of inspiratory muscle contraction and modifies inspiratory and expiratory time. This study aimed to examine the ...impact of high‐intensity IMT (H‐IMT) on exercise capacity in bronchiectasis.
Methods
Forty‐five patients were included. Lung function, respiratory muscle strength and endurance, exercise capacity, dyspnoea, fatigue and quality of life (QOL) were evaluated. Patients were randomized into two groups: H‐IMT and control groups. Twenty‐three patients underwent H‐IMT for 8 weeks, using threshold loading with a target workload of maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) of at least 70%, with 3‐min cycles (as 2‐min training: 1‐min rest intervals) for 21 min. There was a total period of 14 min of loaded breathing and 7 min of recovery. The control group (n = 22) underwent low‐intensity IMT at 10% of the initial MIP and was maintained at the same intensity until the end of the training.
Results
After training, both MIP and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) and the incremental shuttle walk distance were increased in the H‐IMT group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). There was a significant difference in constant threshold load, time and pressure–time units in the H‐IMT group (P < 0.05) but not in the control group (P > 0.05). A significant decrease was found in fatigue in both groups (P < 0.05). The Leicester Cough Questionnaire social score for the H‐IMT group decreased significantly after the treatment (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
The H‐IMT increased exercise capacity in patients with non‐cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. It has also positive effects on respiratory muscle strength and endurance, and social aspects of QOL.
The present randomized controlled study contributes to the literature about the impact of high‐intensity inspiratory muscle training (H‐IMT) in bronchiectasis. We showed that H‐IMT increased respiratory muscle strength and endurance, exercise capacity and social aspects of quality of life in patients with non‐cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis
Objective
Extrapulmonary involvement such as balance and reaction time is unclear in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate visuomotor reaction time (VMRT) and dynamic ...balance in children with CF and non‐CF bronchiectasis compared to healthy children.
Design/Methods
Demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded. All children were evaluated with pulmonary function test (PFT) using a spirometer, incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT) for exercise capacity, Fitlight Trainer for VMRT, and functional reach test (FRT) for dynamic balance.
Results
Fourteen children with CF (10.71 ± 2.94 years, 7 females), 17 children with non‐CF bronchiectasis (12.75 ± 2.81 years, 8 females), and 21 healthy children (11.36 ± 3.28 years, 11 females) were included. Children with CF had longer total VMRT (P = .027), poorer FRT performance (P = .001), and shorter ISWT distances (P = .03) compared to the children with non‐CF bronchiectasis and controls. Although total VMRT was longest in the CF group, there was no significant difference in mean VMRT among the CF, non‐CF bronchiectasis, and control groups (P > .05).
Conclusion
Dynamic balance and VMRT show greater impairment in children with CF than in children with non‐CF bronchiectasis compared to healthy controls. Our findings suggest that VMRT and dynamic balance should be taken into consideration for assessments and exercise programs in pulmonary rehabilitation.
The sleep quality and physical activity levels of patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome during the lockdown period have not yet been investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ...sleep quality, physical activity level, and fear of movement in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and healthy individuals during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.
Patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (n = 33) and healthy individuals (n = 30) were included in the study. Physical activity levels, sleep quality, and fear of movement were evaluated.
The total physical activity amount of patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and healthy individuals was lower than the acceptable levels. The obstructive sleep apnea syndrome group had significantly lower leisure-time physical activity (P = .006) and higher sitting time (P = .008) than the healthy individuals. Patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome had significantly more sleep disturbances, daytime dysfunction, and daytime sleepiness than healthy people (P < .001). Fear of movement was negatively correlated with the amount of vigorous (r = -0.395, P = .023) and leisure activities (r = -0.557, P = .001) in the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome group.
During the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and healthy individuals had lower physical activity levels. Physical activity counseling is an important strategy for increasing the physical activity of patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and healthy individuals during and after the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.
Aim. The aim of the study was to compare the effects of aerobic exercise training and yoga on the functional capacity, peripheral muscle strength, quality of life (QOL), and fatigue in breast cancer ...survivors. Material and methods. A total of 52 patients with a diagnosis of breast cancer were included in the study. The patients were randomly assigned to 2 groups: aerobic exercise (n = 28) and yoga added to aerobic exercise (n = 24). Both groups participated in submaximal exercise 30 minutes/d, 3 d/wk for 6 weeks. The second group participated in a 1-hour yoga program in addition to aerobic exercise training. Functional capacity was assessed by the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT). Peripheral muscle strength was evaluated with a hand-held dynamometer. The fatigue severity level was assessed with the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). The QOL was determined by the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire. Results. There were statistically significant increases in peripheral muscle strength, the 6MWT distance, and the perception of QOL in both groups (P < .05). Additionally, the group with aerobic exercise and yoga showed marked improvement compared with the aerobic exercise group in fatigue perception (P < .05). Conclusion. According to the data from this study, aerobic exercise training and yoga improved the functional capacity and QOL of breast cancer patients. Aerobic exercise programs can be supported by body mind techniques, such as yoga, in the rehabilitation of cancer patients for improving functional recovery and psychosocial wellness.
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