Maternal hypercaloric exposure during pregnancy and lactation is a risk factor for developing diseases associated with inflammation such as obesity, diabetes and, neurological diseases in the ...offspring. Neuroinflammation might modulate neuronal activation and flavonoids are dietary compounds that have been proven to exert anti-inflammatory properties. Thus, the aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of maternal supplementation with flavonoids (kaempferol-3-
-glucoside and narirutin) on the prevention of depression-like behaviour in the female offspring of dams fed with an obesogenic diet during the perinatal period. Maternal programming was induced by high fat (HFD), high sugar (HSD), or cafeteria diets exposure and depressive like-behaviour, referred to as swimming, climbing, and immobility events, was evaluated around postnatal day 56⁻60 before and after 30 mg/kg i.p. imipramine administration in the female offspring groups. Central inflammation was analyzed by measuring the TANK binding kinase 1 (TBK1) expression. We found that the offspring of mothers exposed to HSD programming failed to show the expected antidepressant effect of imipramine. Also, imipramine injection, to the offspring of mothers exposed to cafeteria diet, displayed a pro-depressive like-behaviour phenotype. However, dietary supplementation with flavonoids reverted the depression-like behaviour in the female offspring. Finally, we found that HSD programming increases the TBK1 inflammatory protein marker in the hippocampus. Our data suggest that maternal HSD programming disrupts the antidepressant effect of imipramine whereas cafeteria diet exposure leads to depressive-like behaviour in female offspring, which is reverted by maternal flavonoid supplementation.
Maternal overnutrition including pre-pregnancy, pregnancy and lactation promotes a lipotoxic insult leading to metabolic dysfunction in offspring. Diet-induced obesity models (DIO) show that changes ...in hypothalamic mitochondria fusion and fission dynamics modulate metabolic dysfunction. Using three selective diet formula including a High fat diet (HFD), Cafeteria (CAF) and High Sugar Diet (HSD), we hypothesized that maternal diets exposure program leads to selective changes in hypothalamic mitochondria fusion and fission dynamics in male offspring leading to metabolic dysfunction which is exacerbated by a second exposure after weaning.
We exposed female Wistar rats to nutritional programming including Chow, HFD, CAF, or HSD for 9 weeks (pre-mating, mating, pregnancy and lactation) or to the same diets to offspring after weaning. We determined body weight, food intake and metabolic parameters in the offspring from 21 to 60 days old. Hypothalamus was dissected at 60 days old to determine mitochondria-ER interaction markers by mRNA expression and western blot and morphology by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Mitochondrial-ER function was analyzed by confocal microscopy using hypothalamic cell line mHypoA-CLU192.
Maternal programming by HFD and CAF leads to failure in glucose, leptin and insulin sensitivity and fat accumulation. Additionally, HFD and CAF programming promote mitochondrial fusion by increasing the expression of MFN2 and decreasing DRP1, respectively. Further, TEM analysis confirms that CAF exposure after programing leads to an increase in mitochondria fusion and enhanced mitochondrial-ER interaction, which partially correlates with metabolic dysfunction and fat accumulation in the HFD and CAF groups. Finally, we identified that lipotoxic palmitic acid stimulus in hypothalamic cells increases Ca
overload into mitochondria matrix leading to mitochondrial dysfunction.
We concluded that maternal programming by HFD induces hypothalamic mitochondria fusion, metabolic dysfunction and fat accumulation in male offspring, which is exacerbated by HFD or CAF exposure after weaning, potentially due to mitochondria calcium overflux.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
The aim of this work was to develop encapsulated nanoemulsions of curcumin to increase its absorption and supplement it with other ingredients recommended for osteoarthritis treatments. The ...efficiency of curcumin incorporation into the nanoemulsion was determined using different concentrations of Tween 80 (10, 15, and 20%), NaCl (0.2 and 0.4 M), and MgCl2 (0.0031 M and 0.0052 M). The highest incorporation efficiencies (>90%) were obtained using the combination of 20% Tween 80, 0.0052 M MgCl2, and 0.4 M NaCl. Nanoemulsions added with 15 or 20% Tween 80 significantly improved curcumin absorption up to 4.4 times compared with those elaborated without the emulsifying process. Moreover, nanoemulsions prepared with 15% Tween 80 and MgCl2 showed higher absorption than those added with NaCl. Nanoemulsions prepared with 15 and 20% Tween 80 and MgCl2 were spray-dried with hydrolyzed collagen and, after added with vitamin C (supplement), obtaining an encapsulation efficiency of 58% and an average particle size of 215 nm. Then, curcumin absorption was assessed in healthy Wistar rats, which was administered via intragastric at 100 mg curcumin/kg and was quantified in serum at 120 min. Curcumin absorption was higher in the nanoemulsion (17-fold) and the encapsulated supplement (14-fold) compared to curcumin without emulsification (curcumin dissolved in water). The in vitro COX-2 inhibitory capacity of curcumin in aqueous solution, nanoemulsion, and microencapsulated showed an inhibition range of 55–67%; whereas the antioxidant capacity was 86–94% by the DPPH assay and 51–65% by the ABTS assay. Therefore, the incorporation of curcumin into a nanoemulsion followed by microencapsulation enhanced its absorption and maintained its potential health benefit.
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Abstract
The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Gamma-Ray Observatory surveys the very high-energy sky in the 300 GeV to >100 TeV energy range. HAWC has detected two blazars above 11
σ
, Markarian ...421 (Mrk 421) and Markarian 501 (Mrk 501). The observations are comprised of data taken in the period between 2015 June and 2018 July, resulting in ∼1038 days of exposure. In this work, we report the time-averaged spectral analyses for both sources, above 0.5 TeV. Taking into account the flux attenuation due to the extragalactic background light, the intrinsic spectrum of Mrk 421 is described by a power law with an exponential energy cutoff with index
α
=
2.26
±
0.12
stat
−
0.2
+
0.17
sys
and energy cutoff
E
c
=
5.1
±
1.6
stat
−
2.5
+
1.4
sys
TeV, while the intrinsic spectrum of Mrk 501 is better described by a simple power law with index
α
=
2.61
±
0.11
stat
−
0.07
+
0.01
sys
. The maximum energies at which the Mrk 421 and Mrk 501 signals are detected are 9 and 12 TeV, respectively. This makes these some of the highest energy detections to date for spectra averaged over years-long timescales. Since the observation of gamma radiation from blazars provides information about the physical processes that take place in their relativistic jets, it is important to study the broadband spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of these objects. For this purpose, contemporaneous data in the gamma-ray band to the X-ray range, and literature data in the radio to UV range, were used to build time-averaged SEDs that were modeled within a synchrotron-self Compton leptonic scenario.
Background. Carcass yield varies depending on the relative proportions of muscle, fat and bone, therefore, the possibility of predicting its value would produce valuable information that will promote ...the viability and sustainability of rabbit meat production. Methodology. Thirty-eight male growing rabbits (New Zealand White × Californian) with body weights (BW) of 1329 ± 291 g and from 60 to 100 days of age were used. Real time ultrasonography (RTU) measurements were taken 12 h before slaughtering. For that, rabbits were shaved between the 6th and 7th lumbar vertebrae. The longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle (LM) area (LDA) and also the maximum LM width (LDW) and the maximum depth LM (LDD) were measured. Data recorded at slaughtering included carcass and non-carcass components. After chilling at 4° C for 24 hours, carcasses were split longitudinally to obtain left and right halves that were later weighed. Thereafter, the right half carcass was weighed and manually deboned for recording weights of muscle (TCM), and bone (TCB). Results. The highest correlation (r = 0.84, P <0.001) was observed between TCM and LDD, while the lower correlation (r = 0.4, P <0.001) was observed between TCB and LDW. The BW were highly related to carcass characteristics (r>0.77≤0.97). In vivo RTU measurements explained a low to moderate amount of variation in TCB and TCM with an r2 of 0.36 to 0.77 (P < 0.001) respectively. BW explained from 49 to 92% of variation in TCB and TCM, respectively. Implications. The in vivo ultrasound measurements it is a viable tool that allows predicting carcass value of rabbits. Conclusion. Our results indicated that the use of RTU measurements could accurately predict muscle from growing rabbit's carcass.
•Rats show CPP and motivation to palatable food diet intake.•Fetal metabolic programing leads to addiction like-behaviour in offspring.•Hipercaloric intake during pregnancy results in synaptic ...plasticity defects.
Contextual food conditioned behaviors require plasticity of glutamatergic neurotransmission in the reward system, involving changes in the expression of including a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole 4-propionate receptors (AMPA), N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) and metabotropic glutamate 2,3 (mGlur 2,3). However, the role of changes in glutamatergic synaptic markers on energy-dense palatable food preference during development has not been described. Here, we determine the effect of nutritional programing during gestation on fat food choices using a conditioned place preference (CPP) test and an operant training response and its effect on glutamatergic markers in the nucleus accumbens (Nac) shell and prefrontal cortex (PFC). Our data showed that rats displayed preference for palatable fat food and an increase in caloric intake when compared to a chow diet. Notably, 74% of rats showing a preference for fat food intake correlate with a positive HFD-paired score whereas 26% failed to get HFD-conditioned. Also, male rats trained under an operant training response schedule (FR1, FR5 and PR) showed high and low responder groups to work for food. Notably, hypercaloric nutritional programing of female rats leads to exacerbation for reinforcers in female offspring compared to offspring from chow diet. Finally, we found that an operant training response to palatable reinforcers correlates with upregulation of mGlur 2,3 in the NAc shell and PFC of male rats and female offspring. Also, we found selective Nr1 upregulation in NAc shell and the PFC of female offspring. Our data suggest that nutritional programing by hypercaloric intake leads to incentive motivation to work for food and synaptic plasticity alteration in the mesolimbic system.
The discovery of the TeV point source 2HWC J2006+341 was reported in the second HAWC gamma-ray catalog. We present a follow-up study of this source here. The TeV emission is best described by an ...extended source with a soft spectrum. At GeV energies, an extended source is significantly detected in Fermi-LAT data. The matching locations, sizes, and spectra suggest that both gamma-ray detections correspond to the same source. Different scenarios for the origin of the emission are considered and we rule out an association to the pulsar PSR J2004+3429 due to extreme energetics required, if located at a distance of 10.8 kpc.
Seguridad y eficacia de la cápsula Patency Blanco-Velasco, G.; Ramos-García, J.; Solórzano-Pineda, O.M. ...
Revista de gastroenterología de México,
April-June 2023, 2023-04-00, 2023-04-01, Letnik:
88, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
La cápsula Patency es un método diagnóstico efectivo para prevenir la retención de las cápsulas endoscópicas en el intestino delgado. La complicación más frecuente asociada al uso de la cápsula ...Patency es la retención sintomática de la misma. La intención de este estudio es evaluar la efectividad y la seguridad de las cápsulas Patency colocadas en un centro de tercer nivel.
Estudio observacional retrospectivo que incluyó a todos los pacientes con enfermedad de Crohn confirmada a los que se les colocó la cápsula Patency de enero de 2019 a diciembre de 2020. Se evaluó el rendimiento diagnóstico, la sensibilidad, la especificidad, el valor predictivo positivo y el valor predictivo negativo comparado contra la cápsula endoscópica o enteroscopia doble balón. También se identificaron las complicaciones asociadas a la colocación de la cápsula Patency.
Se incluyeron 30 pacientes, en los cuales la cápsula Patency mostró una sensibilidad del 83%, una especificidad del 100%, un valor predictivo positivo del 100% y un valor predictivo negativo del 96%, respectivamente, con un rendimiento diagnóstico del 96.7%. Se presentó una complicación (3.3%), que se resolvió de forma espontánea.
La cápsula Patency es un método seguro y efectivo para disminuir la retención de la cápsula endoscópica en pacientes con enfermedad de Crohn confirmada.
The patency capsule is an effective diagnostic method for preventing video capsule retention in the small bowel during capsule endoscopy. The most frequently associated complication when using the patency capsule is symptomatic retention. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of patency capsules administered to patients at a tertiary care hospital center.
A retrospective observational study was conducted that included all the patients with confirmed Crohn's disease that were administered a patency capsule, within the time frame of January 2019 and December 2020. PC diagnostic yield, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were evaluated, in relation to capsule endoscopy and double-balloon endoscopy findings. Complications associated with the patency capsule were also identified.
Thirty patients were included, in whom the patency capsule had 83% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% positive predictive value, and 96% negative predictive value, with a diagnostic yield of 96.7%. There was one complication (3.3%) and it resolved spontaneously.
The patency capsule is a safe and effective method for reducing video capsule retention during capsule endoscopy in patients with Crohn's disease.
Pantothenate kinase‐associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by iron accumulation in the brain, because of mutations in the PANK2 gene. Phenotypic and ...genotypic characteristics of 11 patients from five Mexican families with PKAN disease are reported. Sequencing of PANK2 confirmed the diagnosis. The 11 patients had dysarthria associated with dystonia and Parkinsonism in six. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed the ‘eye‐of‐the‐tiger’ sign in all patients. Three different mutations were identified, a novel one (p.A469P) and two (p.G219V and p.N404I) very rare. Homozygous sibs for the p.G219V mutation had a severe disease progression with early death. Dystonia predominated in the p.A469P/p.N404I compound heterozygous patients. Homozygous for p.N404I showed Parkinsonism, tics and personality and speech disorders. Early and late disease onset and variable expression was present in carriers of the different identified mutations. The ‘eye‐of‐the‐tiger’ is an excellent neuroimaging hallmark to predict PANK2 mutations. We detected a ‘cluster’ of patients harboring the p.N404I mutation, strongly suggesting a founder effect for this mutation. This is the first familial clinical‐genetic PKAN disease study accomplished in Mexico.
The close location of the HAWC observatory to the largest volcano in Mexico allows to perform a search for neutrino-induced horizontal muon and tau charged leptons. The section of the volcano located ...at the horizon reaches values of slant depth larger than 8 km of rock, making it an excellent shield for the cosmic ray horizontal background. We report the search method and background suppression technique developed for the detection of Earth-skimming neutrinos with HAWC, as well as a model that describes the remaining background produced by scattered muons. We show that by increasing the detection energy threshold we could use HAWC to search for neutrino-induced charged leptons.
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