Résumé
Le bilan de l’activité du centre de traitement Ebola (CTE) de Forécariah (Guinée maritime) du 23 avril au 5 juin 2015 est ici présenté. La charge virale du virus Ebola a été évaluée par la ...mesure du
cycle threshold
(Ct). Cent trente personnes ont fait l’objet d’un triage, 24 (18,5 %) ne répondant pas aux critères de l’OMS d’une fièvre hémorragique n’ont pas été admises au CTE. Parmi les 106 patients admis au CTE, 72 (67,9 %) ont été déclarés non-cas à l’issu de la négativité de deux PCR pratiquées à 48 heures d’intervalle. Trente-quatre patients étaient atteints de maladie à virus Ebola (MVE): 19 femmes et 15 hommes (sex-ratio: H/F = 0,78), âge moyen: 33,51 ± 20,1 ans (extrêmes 42 jours à 70 ans), dont six enfants de moins de huit ans. Leur Ct initial médian était de 21,6 ± 6,3 cycles. La notion de contact n’a été retrouvée que chez 20 d’entre eux (58,8 %). Treize patients ont guéri: six hommes et sept femmes, d’âge moyen 31,8 ans (extrêmes: 4–52 ans), présentant à l’admission un Ct médian égal à 21,88 ± 6,2 cycles (extrêmes: 17,6–31,7). Parmi les six enfants de moins de huit ans, un seul a survécu. Vingt et un patients avec MVE sont décédés (61,76 %): 9 hommes et 12 femmes, d’âge moyen 34 ± 24 ans (extrêmes: 42 jours–70 ans), présentant à l’admission un Ct médian égal à 18 ± 7 cycles (extrêmes: 12–24). Le seul facteur associé à la mortalité était le Ct à l’admission (
p
= 0,0004). Il ressort de cette analyse statistique que plus la charge virale est élevée, plus la probabilité d’avoir une forte létalité est présente. L’âge, le sexe, la notion de contact, le délai entre l’apparition des symptômes et l’admission n’étaient pas prédictifs de la survenue du décès dans cette série.
Résumé
La maladie à virus Ebola (MVE) occasionne une forte létalité, même prise en charge dans un centre de traitement Ebola (CTE). Des examens de laboratoire de base peuvent aider à mieux en ...comprendre la physiopathologie, à guider le traitement et à établir des conduites à tenir simples sur la base de protocoles adaptés à l’exercice de la médecine en milieu précaire et dangereux pour les soignants. Basé sur quelques cas cliniques de patients pris en charge au CTE de Forécariah en Guinée, tenu par la Croix-Rouge française, cet article décrit les difficiles conditions d’exercice de la médecine auprès des patients atteints de MVE. Il a pour objectif de participer à la réduction des pertes de chance de survie des patients, par l’instauration d’une confrontation clinico-biologique simple et par l’amélioration de la formation des personnels de santé.
Some enzymes function by coupling substrate turnover with electron transfer from a redox cofactor such as ferredoxin. In the FeFe-hydrogenases, nature's fastest catalysts for the production and ...oxidation of H(2), the one-electron redox by a ferredoxin complements the one-electron redox by the diiron active site. In this Article, we replicate the function of the ferredoxins with the redox-active ligand Cp*Fe(C(5)Me(4)CH(2)PEt(2)) (FcP*). FcP* oxidizes at mild potentials, in contrast to most ferrocene-based ligands, which suggests that it might be a useful mimic of ferredoxin cofactors. The specific model is Fe(2)(SCH(2))(2)NBn(CO)(3)(FcP*)(dppv) (1), which contains the three functional components of the active site: a reactive diiron centre, an amine as a proton relay and, for the first time, a one-electron redox module. By virtue of the synthetic redox cofactor, 1(2+) exhibits unique reactivity towards hydrogen and CO. In the presence of excess oxidant and base, H(2) oxidation by 1(2+) is catalytic.
Décrire les caractéristiques épidémiologiques et cliniques des patients COVID-19 admis au service de réanimation.
Il s’agissait d’une étude prospective observationnelle de 4 mois (12 mars au ...12 juillet) réalisée au service de réanimation du Centre de Traitement COVID-19 de l’Hôpital national Donka.
Durant la période d’étude, 6044 malades ont été testés positifs au SARS-CoV-2 ; 140 parmi eux ont été admis en réanimation, soit une prévalence de 2,3 %. L’âge moyen des patients était de 59±14 ans. La majorité des patients (79 %) était de sexe masculin. Concernant les comorbidités, 77 % des patients avaient au moins une comorbidité médicale, dont l’hypertension artérielle (55 %) et le diabète (38 %). Les signes cliniques les plus fréquents étaient la dyspnée, (81 %), l’asthénie physique (64 %) et la toux (60 %). La majorité de nos patients (91 %) a bénéficié d’une oxygénothérapie classique. Le syndrome de détresse respiratoire aiguë (SDRA) était la complication la plus représentée (38 %). Le taux de létalité était de 25 % sur l’ensemble des patients admis en réanimation.
Une faible proportion de patients COVID-19 ont été admis en réanimation. Ces patients étaient principalement des personnes âgées et de sexe masculin, ayant au moins une comorbidité. La symptomatologie était dominée par la dyspnée et les complications par le SDRA. La létalité était comparable en Europe et aux États-Unis.
To describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit.
This was a 4-month (from the 12th of March to the 12th of July) prospective and observational study carried out in the intensive care unit of the COVID-19 Treatment Centre at Donka National Hospital, Conakry, Guinea.
During the duration of the study, 6044 patients tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, of whom 140 were admitted to intensive care, i.e. 2.31 %. The average age of the patients was 59±14 years. The majority of patients were male, 79 % (n =110). Concerning comorbidities, 77 % (n =108) of the patients had at least one medical comorbidity, mainly hypertension (55 % of cases n=77) and diabetes (38 % of cases n =53). Main clinical signs were dyspnea (81 %), physical asthenia (64 %) and cough (60 %). The majority of our patients (91 %) benefited from conventional oxygen therapy. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) was the most represented complication (38 %). The lethality rate in resuscitation was 25 %.
The rate of admission of COVID-19 patients to intensive care was relatively low, and it concerned mainly elderly, male patients with at least one comorbidity. The symptomatology was dominated by dyspnea and complications by ARDS with significant mortality.
This paper presents the ultracapacitors ( U ) and fuel-cell/lithium-battery connection with an original energy management method for hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) applications. The proposed method is ...focused on the frequency approach to meet the load energy requirement. The ultracapacitors are connected to the dc link through a buck-boost converter, and the fuel cell is connected to the dc link via a boost converter for the first topology. In the second topology, the lithium battery is connected to the dc link without a converter to avoid the dc-link voltage control. An asynchronous machine is used like the traction motor; it is related to the dc link through a dc/ac converter (inverter). The main contribution of this paper is focused on HEV energy management according to the dynamics (frequency) of the hybrid sources using polynomial correctors. The performances of the proposed method are evaluated through some simulations and the experimental tests, using the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC). This study is extended to an aggressive test cycle, such as the U.S. driving cycle (USDC), to understand the system response and the control performances.
Rosa canina pseudo-fruits contain interesting bioactive compounds. This work aims to evaluate the use of different biopolymers as encapsulating agents on the content of organic acids, minerals, ...fibers, phenols, carotenoids, and the antioxidant activity of the powdered product. Fruits were ground and freeze-dried with or without biopolymers (maltodextrin, resistant maltodextrin, cyclodextrin, and pea protein). Rosehip formulated purees with encapsulating agents are an interesting food ingredient rich in fiber and minerals that could be used in the food industry in order to obtain different functional foods. Results obtained in this study show that all formulated samples are a good source of potassium, calcium, magnesium, and manganese. Both rosehip without biopolymers and rosehip with pea protein formulations are also a good source of Zn. Formulation with pea protein can be claimed as a good source of Fe. All formulations are food ingredients with a very high content of ascorbic acid. Comparing the encapsulating agents, depending on the studied bioactive compound samples behaved differently. In conclusion, it can be indicated that pea protein is recommended as an encapsulating agent since the rosehip with pea protein sample has the highest content of fiber, minerals, organic acids, and carotenoids among the encapsulating agents studied.
But : Identifier les déterminants maternels du petit poids pour l'âge gestationnel (PAG) afin de proposer des mesures préventives pour réduire la morbidité et la mortalité infantiles. Matériel et ...méthodes : Étude cas-témoins d'une durée de six mois (1er janvier au 30 juin 2015) réalisée à la maternité de l'hôpital Donka de Conakry. Ont été inclus les dossiers de femmes ayant accouché d'un enfant vivant. Les cas étaient constitués par les dossiers de femmes ayant accouché d'un enfant dont le poids de naissance était compris entre 500 et 2 499 g. La composition des témoins s'est faite en appariant à chaque cas le dossier d'une femme ayant accouché d'un enfant de poids normal (2 500 à 3 999 g). Les caractéristiques sociodémographiques, obstétricales et les pathologies maternelles ont été analysées et comparées. Une analyse univariée comparant les cas aux témoins et une analyse multivariée recherchant une association entre les déterminants maternels ont été réalisées. Résultats : La prévalence du PAG observée était de 7,33 %. Les déterminants maternels significativement associés au PAG en analyse multivariée étaient le bas niveau socio-économique (OR = 1,89), la maigreur (OR = 3,35), le mauvais suivi prénatal (OR = 1,75), ainsi que la survenue d'une anémie (OR = 2,37), d'une hypertension artérielle (OR = 5,69), d'un paludisme (OR = 2,34) et d'une hémorragie génitale (OR = 3,48). Conclusion : La prévention des PAG passe par l'amélioration du niveau socio-économique des femmes, une meilleure alimentation, un meilleur suivi prénatal ainsi que la prise en charge des pathologies associées à la grossesse.
Brazil is one of the most important soybean producers in the world. Soybean is a very important crop for the country as it is used for several purposes, from food to biodiesel production. The levels ...of soybean yield in the different growing regions of the country vary substantially, which results in yield gaps of considerable magnitude. The present study aimed to investigate the soybean yield gaps in Brazil, their magnitude and causes, as well as possible solutions for a more sustainable production. The concepts of yield gaps were reviewed and their values for the soybean crop determined in 15 locations across Brazil. Yield gaps were determined using potential and attainable yields, estimated by a crop simulation model for the main maturity groups of each region, as well as the average actual famers’ yield, obtained from national surveys provided by the Brazilian Government for a period of 32 years (1980–2011). The results showed that the main part of the yield gap was caused by water deficit, followed by sub-optimal crop management. The highest yield gaps caused by water deficit were observed mainly in the south of Brazil, with gaps higher than 1600 kg/ha, whereas the lowest were observed in Tapurah, Jataí, Santana do Araguaia and Uberaba, between 500 and 1050 kg/ha. The yield gaps caused by crop management were mainly concentrated in South-central Brazil. In the soybean locations in the mid-west, north and north-east regions, the yield gap caused by crop management was <500 kg/ha. When evaluating the integrated effects of water deficit and crop management on soybean yield gaps, special attention should be given to Southern Brazil, which has total yield gaps >2000 kg/ha. For reducing the present soybean yield gaps observed in Brazil, several solutions should be adopted by growers, which can be summarized as irrigation, crop rotation and precision agriculture. Improved dissemination of agricultural knowledge and the use of crop simulation models as a tool for improving crop management could further contribute to reduce the Brazilian soybean yield gap.
•Mauritia flexuosa, Bactris gasipaes and Oenocarpus bataua fruits are rich in dietary fibers.•The palms’ fruits are rich in lipids, carotenoids, minerals and polyphenols.•Fruit oil is rich in fatty ...acids such as palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids.•These palms also provide non-vegetable foods such as Rhynchophorus palmarum larvae.•R. palmarum larvae are rich in fat, proteins, vitamin E, fatty acids and minerals.
Mauritia flexuosa, Bactris gasipaes, and Oenocarpus bataua are among the main palms in the Amazon used for food and medicinal purposes. The food most commonly derived from these are fruits, oil, and the larvae of the insect Rhynchophorus palmarum reared in their trunks. Palm fruits are used for oil extraction as they are rich in saturated fatty acids, fiber, pro-vitamin A, carotenoids, tocopherols, macro and microelements, and polyphenols. Furthermore, the larvae of R. palmarum are rich in lipids, vitamin E, and proteins. This review analyzes the chemical composition of the fruit and oil of these palm species, as well as the R. palmarum larvae that breed in them. Our aim is to present information that is not widely known in order to demonstrate the potential of these palms as sources of plant-based and animal food with high nutritional and functional values.
•The dissipation of pesticides residues in zucchini during freezing process was studied.•The post-harvest pesticides residues do not exceed the MRLs.•Washing and blanching cause the greatest loss in ...pesticides residues.•The bioavailability of the pesticides residues in zucchini is below 15%.•The EDI ensures the absence of toxicological risk in the intake of zucchini.
A field study was carried out on the dissipation of three insecticides and three fungicides during the freezing of zucchini. A simultaneous residue analysis method is validated using QuEChERS extraction with acetonitrile and CG–MS and LC–MS analysis. The residues detected after field application never exceeded the established maximum residue limits. The processing factors calculated (fresh product/frozen product) are lower than 1, indicating a clear influence of the stages of the freezing process, especially the washing and blanching. The in vitro study of bioavailability establishes a low percentage of stomach absorption capacity. The level of residues detected in fresh zucchini and the Estimated Daily Intake calculated for Spain suggest that there is no risk of acute toxicity due to dietary exposure.
PDF
